The as far as I can tell very first metallic cartridge issue rifle in Europe Made in 1871 by Edouard Beaumont a engineer at Delft and adapted in 1888 by addition of the Vitalli Magazine system as many of these large caliber black powder rifles later were. Here is a brief history of Holland and of the Beaumont: http://cartridgecollector.net/113-x-51r-dutch-beaumont if interested, the last time I shot this rifle was at 11:00 AM November 11 2018 (the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month) https://youtu.be/QF-g-NvfV8g -100 years after the Guns Went Quiet Beaumonts were indeed used by the Dutch as a substitute standard at the beginning of the Great War (WWI) I am also on: Rumble https://rumble.com/user/pilgrim23 Bitchute https://www.bitchute.com/channel/QoAhdKI37l5o/ Odysee https://odysee.com/@GreyPigrim:3 https://www.youtube.com/user/pilgrimm23 and Utreon https://utreon.com/c/greypilgrim ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xITqC6lbl4Q