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Secure NEXTCLOUD with HTTPS - Domain name, DNS, and certificate
A while ago, I showed the easiest way to get set up with a nextcloud instance, through snaps. Now it's time to make sure that instance is properly secured through HTTPS, so we'll see how to add that layer of security for the Nextcloud snap.
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To get an SSL certificate, you'll need to grab a domain name. It's possible to add an https certificate to a bare IP address, but not all browsers will consider your website as secure, and might show warnings.
To book a domain name, just check on Gandi.net or any other registrar, and book whatever you want. I'll grab thelinuxexp.fr, but you could try and get one for your company's name, or your family name, if your nextcloud instance is to be your own personal cloud.
Once you bought your domain name, you have to register it with a DNS service. Think of DNS as the internet's phone book, where a domain name is linked to its associated IP address.
Most domain name registrars provide a DNS service and automatically register the domain name for you, however, they don't know your server's IP address, so we'll need to enter that ourselves.
To get your ip address, just type ifconfig in your server's console, or grab the IP address from your hosting service's dashboard. We could also change the other various records, that are linked to email services or subdomains, but I won't go into that level of detail here.
Either go to your registrar's dashboard to enter the IP address associated with the domain name, or use your hosting service interface to do the same. Here, I'll do it with Linode in the domains tab, since it already has all the information needed. I'll just type the domain name, the email address associated with it, and tell it to use the records from my Nextcloud server so that it can transfer all the needed information to the DNS service.
Now, our server is associated to our domain name. It will take a few hours to make sure everything is correctly propagated to other DNS services. After we wait a little bit, if we type thelinuxexp.fr in our browser, we should arrive to our Nextcloud instance.
Enabling HTTPS for the nextcloud SNAP
Now, we'll log onto our server. i'll still use my Nextcloud box I set up in the last video.
By default Nextcloud only responds to requests made by the localhost hostname, so we'll have to set it up to make sure it can respond to requests made from the domain name or the IP address, s
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0mS1z8Hmhw
Set up your own Linux server with LINODE : http://www.linode.com/linuxexperiment
(USE OFFER CODE LINUXEXP19)
Support the channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thelinuxexperiment
Follow me on Twitter : http://twitter.com/thelinuxEXP
What I use to make my videos:
Microphone: https://amzn.to/2PsNWXl
GPU: https://amzn.to/2LHZ5o5
Motherboard: https://amzn.to/2KZt63t
CPU: https://amzn.to/2IFjKrw
To get an SSL certificate, you'll need to grab a domain name. It's possible to add an https certificate to a bare IP address, but not all browsers will consider your website as secure, and might show warnings.
To book a domain name, just check on Gandi.net or any other registrar, and book whatever you want. I'll grab thelinuxexp.fr, but you could try and get one for your company's name, or your family name, if your nextcloud instance is to be your own personal cloud.
Once you bought your domain name, you have to register it with a DNS service. Think of DNS as the internet's phone book, where a domain name is linked to its associated IP address.
Most domain name registrars provide a DNS service and automatically register the domain name for you, however, they don't know your server's IP address, so we'll need to enter that ourselves.
To get your ip address, just type ifconfig in your server's console, or grab the IP address from your hosting service's dashboard. We could also change the other various records, that are linked to email services or subdomains, but I won't go into that level of detail here.
Either go to your registrar's dashboard to enter the IP address associated with the domain name, or use your hosting service interface to do the same. Here, I'll do it with Linode in the domains tab, since it already has all the information needed. I'll just type the domain name, the email address associated with it, and tell it to use the records from my Nextcloud server so that it can transfer all the needed information to the DNS service.
Now, our server is associated to our domain name. It will take a few hours to make sure everything is correctly propagated to other DNS services. After we wait a little bit, if we type thelinuxexp.fr in our browser, we should arrive to our Nextcloud instance.
Enabling HTTPS for the nextcloud SNAP
Now, we'll log onto our server. i'll still use my Nextcloud box I set up in the last video.
By default Nextcloud only responds to requests made by the localhost hostname, so we'll have to set it up to make sure it can respond to requests made from the domain name or the IP address, s
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0mS1z8Hmhw
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I looked at alternatives to replace Google Search, Chrome, as well as Google Maps and GMail. There is one service where Google has put a lot of focus lately, especially towards businesses, and that's Google Docs. Let's take a look at some alternatives !
Google Docs
Google Docs might be the least privacy invasive of Google's various offerings. It's also fast, easy to use, has nicely designed templates, it supports extensions, and its interface is coherent.
The major concern on Google Docs stems from its terms of service, which indicate that everything you create might be modified, redistributed and generally used by Google.
Fortunately, there are alternatives to Google Docs. Let's look at a few of them !
Zoho Docs
Zoho provides a complete office suite, with a word processor, spreadsheet application, and presentation creator. They are called respectively Writer, Sheet, and Show. The first thing you'll notice is that their interfaces don't look like each other. Writer has its own sidebar on the left with formatting options, Sheet looks just like Google Sheet, and Show looks like its own thing, with a sidebar on the right. This is not a big problem, but consistency is clearly not a priority here.
The Zoho docs applications can also be accessed offline, and let you sync which documents you want to access without a connexion.
A free Zoho account will net you 5GB of storage for your documents, with syncing to the desktop, file versioning, two factor authentication, collaboration features, dropbox integration, and an in-app chat.
The big problem here is that you need a Zoho docs account to edit or view said document. Sharing a link is limited to premium users. Every one of your documents can be synced to your desktop through Zoho Desktop Sync, an app available for Windows, Mac, and Linux.
MS Office Online (Office 365)
It is not as full featured as the "real" MS office suite.
The applications are simple, and light, with only the basics available online. Microsoft still has to sell its subscription to Office 365 and the full Office programs, so they intentionnaly limit what you can do here, but for most people, this should largely be enough.
There were no features that I felt were missing from Office Online to allow me to do what I tried to. MS Office Online doesn't have any offline access though, which is a bummer, compared to Google Docs, which can be accessed even without a connexion.
Your document can be synced to your desktop through OneDrive, but that's not available natively on Linux, although some third party clients are starting to work reliably and with a GUI.
Office Online doesn't have a paid tier, as long as you pay, you get the full Office 365, but in installable format, so only compatible with Windows and Mac OS X, the web applicati
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGEV8ftNUSc
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#linux #desktop #tierlist
00:00 Intro
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01:33 GNOME
03:25 KDE
05:07 BUDGIE
06:27 XFCE
07:14 MATE
08:19 CINNAMON
09:50 DEEPIN
10:56 PANTHEON
13:13 UNITY
14:26 CUTEFISH
15:24 Others I didn't try as much
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GNOME is the one the most. It's extendable with extensions, it's customizable, and it's also themable. Now GNOME as a desktop, I find really nice to use, but there are things that bug me, like the rigidity and lack of basic options, and that means it will be in Good, not in Great.
KDE has simple defaults, powerful options, plenty of customization and a large ecosystem of applications. I used KDE a TON, I always have a laptop with it installed, and it was my main DE for more than a year of running this youtube channel. It used to have a lot of bugs and stability issues, but in my experience, that's not the case anymore. I'm going to put KDE in the Great category.
Budgie, I used for a while on Manjaro, as my main desktop environment. At the time, I would have put it in Good. Nowadays? It's a No, Thanks for me. Budgie is basically GNOME + some interesting addons. You can replicate it in seconds on GNOME and have a better underlying platform.
XFCE, on the surface, looks very old and ugly, it doesn't really support most of the new Linux stack, like Wayland, it's not a complete experience, without its own app center for example, and it seems stuck in the past. On the other hand, it's extremely fast and responsive, it's customizable with themes, layouts, panel applets, and it can use most other DEs apps to fill in the gaps. I'm going to put it in Decent.
Mate is another hard one. I loved GNOME 2 back in the day, and MATE is exactly that. That layout was wonderful, but nowadays, it suffers from the same problems as XFCE: no real wayland support, no 1:1 touchpad gestures, not a complete experience, without its own app store, or design philosophy or guidelines. MATE is going in the Decent category.
Cinnamon is what Linux Mint uses, and it's pretty damn complete. It has applications for basically everything out of the box, you can do everything graphically without needing to turn to a third party app, whether it's managing software sources, installing applications, installing packages, changing every setting, you name it.
So, Cinnamon goes in the GOOD category. It's a really nice choice, but compared to KDE? I can't place them on the same level.
Deepin Desktop is one that looks phenomenal on the surface, but that I could never use day to day. Sure, it's beautiful, and it has a design flair and fluidity that is quite remarkable. But the default apps are way too simple and can do in most cases even less than GNOME's, which are already pretty barebones, their appstore is completely useless, and even translations are quite hesitant
I just can't see why you'd pick Deepin. It's a No Thanks for me.
Pantheon, elementary OS's desktop had the edge over any other GTK based desktop, 2 or 3 years ago, but it has lost every advantage it had during this time period. The team just doesn't feel like it's big enough to tackle a whole distro + desktop + suite of apps anymore, and GNOME has caught up to everything. It's a No, thanks.
Unity is only Decent for me, because it looks pretty dated. The panel and its applets are straight from the GNOME 2 era, there isn't much customization to be had either, the dash isn't as useful as it once was, because using filters at the bottom isn't super intuitive or ergonomic with a mouse, and while it's a fun trip down memory lane for me, it doesn't really appeal to me all that much.
And now there's Cutefish, the it was dead but apparently it's not dead, sort of desktop. And it's another one that looks great on screenshots, but it's still going to be a No Way.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09cYQJBgKEs
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I’ve tried a bunch of distributions, and I’ve played a lot with closed source systems, like Windows 10 and Mac OS X, and in dealing with all these systems, I’ve found I always lacked a few things in various Linux distros, so here is a list of various features and apps I’d like most distros to implement out of the box.
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Gestures for the trackpad
This one is baffling to me. As of today, I’ve yet to test a distro that supports anything else than two finger scrolling. It’s actually pretty easy to add gestures to a Linux distro, with libinput-gestures, and the Gestures GTK app, and i don’t understand why distro builders don’t take advantage of these tools to create a more user friendly experience on laptops. There might be issues with libinput gestures I’m not aware of, or maybe they just don’t use laptops, but when every distro uses virtual workspaces, having the ability to three of 4 finger swipe to switch workspaces seems like a mandatory feature to include.
Kde / GS Connect
Android is the most popular phone OS in the world, and phone - computer integration is awesome. I’d love to see Linux distros shipping with KDE connect, or its GNOME equivalent, GS connect. This tool allows you to use your phone as a remote for your computer, share notifications between the 2 devices, anwser text messages from your computer, and much more. This tool is great, and I think that apart from Zorin OS, which ships a re-branded version of it called Zorin Connect, most other distros ignore this fantastic piece of software.
Fractional scaling, per monitor if possible
I know, Wayland can support it, and a config is available in GNOME, as an experimental option, but it’s almost 2020, and only having 2X scaling as an option is ridiculous. Fractional scaling might make some stuff blurry, and tax the GPU more, but it’s sorely needed on most of today’s laptops, since manufacturers insist on shipping ultra high resolution displays on small form factors. Hi DPI support, and fractional scaling needs to be implemented at some point, and made available by default, for Wayland, and for Xorg, which is still the solution almost 100% of distros ship with.
Complete App Store experience
No distro comes close to elementary OS in this regard: it allows people to buy applications, on a pay what you want basis, it integrates links to donations for the developers, and it’s an awesome way to make users take notice of the fact that open source doesn’t mean free. Still, there are pieces missing from that experience, and the big one is restoring p
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The Steam Deck completely transformed how I play games and how I connect with them at an emotional level, and I'm not alone in this...
Watch the full talk on Linux 4 Everyone: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzjmPmfLB-o
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In this one, Geralt of Rivia will have to fight a Striga, as well as finally get some new armor to pursue the Salamandra and end his quest. Obviously, it isn't going to be that easy...
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This month, we have the Librem 5 finally shipping to backers, a new open source Chrome OS alternative, Google being more open with Chromium, and tons of Linux gaming improvements.
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Ubuntu Web remix was announced, and it's an interesting project. It's billed as an open source alternative to Chrome OS, and employs Firefox instead of Chrome or Chromium, it also supports Android apps.
https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/ubuntu-web-remix/19394
Linus Torvalds has expressed interest in the latest Apple M1 Macs, which, for those who don't know, are custom designed processors that will only be appearing in Apple's macs, and that are pretty freaking amazing in terms of performance and battery life.
https://thenextweb.com/plugged/2020/11/23/linus-torvalds-wants-apples-new-m1-powered-macs-to-run-linux/
AMD released their radeon RX6800 and 6800XT graphics cards. While these seem very powerful, tickling Nvida on their higher end models, the launch day situation is far from optimal on Linux.
https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2020/11/amd-radeon-rx-6800-and-the-rx-6800-xt-are-out-today
The LIBREM 5, as a mass produced phoen, is now finally starting to ship to backers.
https://puri.sm/posts/librem-5-mass-production-phone-has-begun-shipping/
Tuxedo launched yet another Linux laptop, called the XMG Fusion 15
https://www.tuxedocomputers.com/en/Linux-Hardware/Linux-Notebooks/15-16-inch/XMG-FUSION-15-powered-by-TUXEDO.tuxedo
Proton, the company behind ProtonMail and ProtonVPN, has enabled early access to Proton Drive, their online storage offer.
https://protonmail.com/blog/proton-drive-early-access/
There was an interesting article published after the announcement of the PinePhone KDE Community edition, which points out to critics that the phone might be weaker than what people are used to, and that it's not a flagship, but that it's also not the point.
https://quickfix.es/2020/11/missing-the-point-pinephone-kde-community-edition/
Youtube-DL has been reinstated by Github after the project's repository had been taken down following a DMCA request.
https://www.zdnet.com/article/github-reinstates-youtube-dl-library-after-eff-intervention/
I happened upon a very interesting article about OpenStreetMap, and how it's currently being us
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EM_xsIFKaXc
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00:00 Intro
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01:44 What is a use case distro?
03:23 They should still exist
04:57 User confusion
07:49 If they exist, it's still too hard
10:54 What can we do?
14:03 Sponsor: Grab a Linux laptop or desktop from Tuxedo
14:51 Support the channel
So a use case distro is basically a more mainstream distribution, with added tools and packages to make it more suitable for a specific purpose. They generally also include a different theme, wallpaper, but the internals are usually just the exact same as the distro they use as a base, and they differentiate themselves by trying to a make a specific niche easier to get into when moving to Linux.
Examples of these would be Nobara, Ubuntu Studio, SteamOS, DraugerOS...
Linux has always offered a ton of choice. This means we already have tons of general purpose distros, like ubuntu, Mint, Fedora, elementary OS, Manjaro, and all their desktop variants. Choosing between these is pretty tough.
That choice gets even more confusing when you add distros with specific purposes. See these distros try to cater to ONE use case specifically, like gaming, or audio work. But rarely do new users focus on ONE single use case. people tend to use computers for a variety of stuff.
The second major issue is that the very existence of these distros means that our mainline distributions still are perceived as too complex to use for specific use cases.
The point is: not everything is EASY. It might seem like it is, because we knew the previous ways which were even harder, but to a newcomer, that's a bunch of mumbojumbo.
And that's why we have "gaming distros"': they come with everything preinstalled and preconfigured: you don't need to look for anything, you just login and get started.
Just like with "Studio distros", where you don't need to hunt for which apps you need to get creative, they're already all there, plus all the tools you need.
So, what needs to be done? All basic drivers SHOULD be preinstalled when they're needed. Yes, that goes foir nvidia drivers too. It also means that we need MORE applications in the stores.
And developers NEED to work to ensure that their apps, whether they're distributed in repos, in flathub, or the snap store, have all the correct permissions set.
To solve the "I need to download 20 apps each time I reinstall" issue, we can also offer app bundles.
And finally, we could also work on helpers for people. For example, if you plug in a mouse that has configurable buttons, we could prompt the user to install the correct utility. Plug in a logitech dongle? Prompt to install Solaar.
Basically, it all resides in the ease of use: if a user feels guided, and if the system does things automatically when there's a 99% chance that the user would have to do them anyways, then we've won. We're even more user friendly than windows or mac os. But until then, use case distros still have a use case, and I think they shouldn't be needed for the vast majority of people. Our mainline distros SHOULD absolutely stand on their own for EVERY use case, and people who really want something specific can still get it
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GuCLBzzmsoU
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After using this big boy, the Juno Computers Neptune 15, as my daily driver for a few weeks, it's time for a full review.
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## The Laptop
Specs-wise, this machine is pretty powerful. My review unit came with an intel core i7, 10875H, with 8 cores and 6 threads, 16Gb of DDR4 RAM, a 256Gb M.2 NVMe SSD, and an Nvidia RTX 2060. You could even configure it with 64Gb of RAM, 4Tb of SSD, and an RTX2080 Super Max Q. The display can't be tweaked, it's a 15.6'' Matte Full HD IPS panel *that was a mouthful*, and it's not fantastic, we'll talk about it a bit more later in the video.
I/O is excellent, with 3 USB 3.2 gen 1 ports, an microphone jack AND a headset jack, a gigabit ethernet port, as well as a thunderbolt 3 port, an HDMI and a mini display port, and a 6in1 SD card reader. There is also the plug for your barrel charger, which is the only sore spot here, I'd have prefered USB C charging on a recent device. Barrel chargers are, well... old and impractical, so you'll have to travel with the sizeable power brick and cable instead of being able to justuse cables and powr bricks you already own.
You also get the mandatory webcam, which only goes up to 720p.
## Build Quality
It's definitely a nice build, although it is still a big boy, It's fully made out of black aluminium, apart from the bezels around the screen, and the hinge cover. It's not the heaviest of laptops, at around 2kilos, or 4.4 pounds.
Generally, this laptop feels really nice. It feels sturdy, sturdier than the Huawei Matebook I have been using for a while. It doesn't creak, or flex much, apart from the top of the laptop, and the center of the keyboard.
## Keyboard and trackpad
Speaking of the keyboard, after a few weeks of use, I can say it's good, but not great. First, let's talk about the elephant in the room: the windows key. This might seem like a small detail, but that's a big oversight IMO: if you're going to sell a laptop with Linux preinstalled, to Linux enthusiasts, you should definitely remove the Windows key.
The typing experience is good, with good key travel, a good clicky sound that is not too loud, but satisfying enough, and key stability is OK as well. I do feel that the keys lack a bit of bounceback, they sometimes feel just a bit too m
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kn-AdVPJBI8
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#nvidia #linux #gpu
Installing the drivers is a no brainer nowadays, it's a one click install from the graphical app store. DO NOT install them manually from the nvidia website, and don't mess with kernels that your distro doesn't officially pack. Only install the drivers and kernels your distro ships, and you won't have a problem.
So, a first big issue people report with nvidia drivers is Screen tearing. I plugged my desktop's RTX 3070 into a basic 1080p monitor without any of these capabilities. That desktop uses X11, and as you can see, screen tearing just isn't a thing here either at the default 60hz refresh rate of the display.
Now, if I launch a game to see how well things go, for example Darktide, with v sync off, we can clearly see some big tearing happening. With vsync on, it disappears.
If you still have tearing, you can auto start a command when your computer starts, with the following command line:
nvidia-settings --assign CurrentMetaMode="nvidia-auto-select +0+0 {ForceFullCompositionPipeline=On}"
Add that command to your startup applications, and you're done.
But how about multi monitor support? I plugged my laptop running Wayland, into the same external monitor, the basic 1080p one, using the hdmi port that's connected to the nvidia dedicated GPU.
Nothing to say here, it just works.
I also plugged in 2 displays onto my desktop, the 1080p one, and my usual 1440p ultrawide, straight into the RTX3070.
No problems here, both displays are detected immediately. Same experience with KDE Plasma, no issues to report here, multi monitor support works normally.
Now, another thing people tend to hold against nvidia drivers is the hybrid graphics support, as in you have a laptop with a dedicated GPU from Nvidia, and an AMD integrated chip, or an Intel one.
On Wayland, it seems that hybrid mode is the default, and the only mode you can use, I could not find a way to move it back to the intel GPU only, or Nvidia only. Hybrid mode works perfectly.
On X11, the experience is pretty much the same. Hybrid mode is the default, and you do get a bunch more options in the nvidia control panel.
If you want to switch profiles on X11 in GNOME, you can install the GPU profile selector extension, and the envy control application, to get a quick settings menu that lets you switch between various GPUs. On KDE, I don't think there's a way to switch by default, although OpenSUSE has an applet for that called suse-prime, and there's a third party app called optimus manager you can use.
Nvidia has the reputation of not working with Wayland, but that's not true anymore. Everything works as it would on a normal wayland session: touchpad gestures, no screen tearing, fractional scaling support, screen sharing and recording, and running any application. Same experience on KDE with Wayland, it just works.
On my laptop, closing the lid will suspend the laptop. But very regularly, opening the lid doesn't wake the laptop back up, and I get a black screen.
I can get out of it by just getting into a TTY, then moving back to TTY1, and I'm good, but it's not what I'd call a smooth experience.
On my desktop, running Fedora also but with X11, suspend works perfectly, and resuming also happens without any issues.
All my tests are done using the latest nvidia drivers available on Fedora 37 with GNOME, and on Ubuntu 22.10 with KDE 5.25, and all these devices have relatively recent Nvidia GPUs. So it's only 2 distros, 2 desktop environments, and 3 different cards from the same generation.
Support for older GPUs, like the RTX10 series, or older ones, might not be as good, and might require you to use older legacy drivers, which very probably won't support Wayland, and might have more issues.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9f4B8uIPqcE
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