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MHMD [07] The word MHMD = "Angel of the Lord" can also mean "Jesus"!
In this episode Mel introduces another "what if" scenario, a sort of "white paper" concerning what we are finding historically with the Arabic word 'MHMD', the word used today by Muslims as the name for their prophet.
According to his research Mel has found that the the term "MHMD" originally meant "the angel of the Lord" in the Old Testament.
Obviously, like everything else, those who put the Qur'an together borrowed not only the stories of the prophets found in the Bible, but also many loan words from the Bible, including the Hebrew word 'machmad', or as we know it today in Arabic, 'MHMD'.
The same can be said of the term 'angel', which in Arabic is 'Malak', borrowed from the Hebrew rendering of that term 'Malakh'.
So, in order to know what the original Hebrew meaning of that word was, we need to take a look at it in the Old Testament, where it is used often.
Interestingly, the term 'Malakh' in Hebrew could mean both 'angel' and 'messenger' as well. In fact, according to the research Mel has uncovered, Malakh as a messenger of God is a newer rendition of this word. So, originally it was always 'angel of God'.
The same can be said for the word 'Rasul' which could be either an angel, or a messenger. Ironically, in the Sahih International Qur'an the definition they give for 'rasul' is both angel and messenger.
So, when we go back to the Bible, and look at 3 major times when the term 'Angel of the Lord' is used, with both Abraham and Moses, we need to see how they are interpreted.
1) Genesis 16:8-10 = Here the 'angel of the Lord' is telling Hagar to return to her mistress Sarah, and to submit to her. Then the angel says to her that "HE will increase your descendants so much that they will be too numerous to count". How can an angel multiply someone's descendants. This is something only God can do.
Even Hagar realized that this was God speaking to her as she says in verse 13 "I have now seen the One who sees me", proving that in this case the 'angel of the Lord' is really God.
2) Genesis 22:11-12 = In this scenario Abraham is about to sacrifice Isaac when the "angel of the Lord" tells him to desist, and says to him "Now I know that you fear God, because you have not withheld from ME your son", proving pretty clearly that this angel was God Himself.
3) Exodus 3:2-4 = Now we have Moses at the burning bush where "the angel of the Lord appeared to him in flames". When Moses approached the bush the angel told him not to approach because the angel in the bush said, "I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob", proving that the angel was indeed God.
Interestingly, this same story is found in the Qur'an, in Surah 20:10-14. And the voice within the bush says to Moses in verse 12 not to come near because it was holy ground. Thus, only where God is can there be holy ground. Then in verse 14 this voice says that he is Allah, and that Moses is to worship him.
So, both the Bible and the Qur'an are in agreement that this 'angel' is in these 3 instances are God.
Yet today Machmad and MHMD are both referred to as messengers (see Surah 48:29). So, what changed? Most likely in the earlier renditions of these verses they were referring to Jesus. It is only later, according to Mel, that the references were then changed to mean a messenger, in the Tafsir, which begin to appear in the 10th century, so long after the Qur'an had already been completed.
And that is why Muslims today still assume that this name MHMD must refer uniquely to their prophet Muhammad.
© Pfander Centre for Apologetics & Polemics - US, January 31, 2024
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According to his research Mel has found that the the term "MHMD" originally meant "the angel of the Lord" in the Old Testament.
Obviously, like everything else, those who put the Qur'an together borrowed not only the stories of the prophets found in the Bible, but also many loan words from the Bible, including the Hebrew word 'machmad', or as we know it today in Arabic, 'MHMD'.
The same can be said of the term 'angel', which in Arabic is 'Malak', borrowed from the Hebrew rendering of that term 'Malakh'.
So, in order to know what the original Hebrew meaning of that word was, we need to take a look at it in the Old Testament, where it is used often.
Interestingly, the term 'Malakh' in Hebrew could mean both 'angel' and 'messenger' as well. In fact, according to the research Mel has uncovered, Malakh as a messenger of God is a newer rendition of this word. So, originally it was always 'angel of God'.
The same can be said for the word 'Rasul' which could be either an angel, or a messenger. Ironically, in the Sahih International Qur'an the definition they give for 'rasul' is both angel and messenger.
So, when we go back to the Bible, and look at 3 major times when the term 'Angel of the Lord' is used, with both Abraham and Moses, we need to see how they are interpreted.
1) Genesis 16:8-10 = Here the 'angel of the Lord' is telling Hagar to return to her mistress Sarah, and to submit to her. Then the angel says to her that "HE will increase your descendants so much that they will be too numerous to count". How can an angel multiply someone's descendants. This is something only God can do.
Even Hagar realized that this was God speaking to her as she says in verse 13 "I have now seen the One who sees me", proving that in this case the 'angel of the Lord' is really God.
2) Genesis 22:11-12 = In this scenario Abraham is about to sacrifice Isaac when the "angel of the Lord" tells him to desist, and says to him "Now I know that you fear God, because you have not withheld from ME your son", proving pretty clearly that this angel was God Himself.
3) Exodus 3:2-4 = Now we have Moses at the burning bush where "the angel of the Lord appeared to him in flames". When Moses approached the bush the angel told him not to approach because the angel in the bush said, "I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob", proving that the angel was indeed God.
Interestingly, this same story is found in the Qur'an, in Surah 20:10-14. And the voice within the bush says to Moses in verse 12 not to come near because it was holy ground. Thus, only where God is can there be holy ground. Then in verse 14 this voice says that he is Allah, and that Moses is to worship him.
So, both the Bible and the Qur'an are in agreement that this 'angel' is in these 3 instances are God.
Yet today Machmad and MHMD are both referred to as messengers (see Surah 48:29). So, what changed? Most likely in the earlier renditions of these verses they were referring to Jesus. It is only later, according to Mel, that the references were then changed to mean a messenger, in the Tafsir, which begin to appear in the 10th century, so long after the Qur'an had already been completed.
And that is why Muslims today still assume that this name MHMD must refer uniquely to their prophet Muhammad.
© Pfander Centre for Apologetics & Polemics - US, January 31, 2024
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'muhammad'-was-jesus-in-syro-aramaic
It looks like we have further Proof that 'The Praised One' in both the Qur'an & the Dome of the Rock was really referring to Jesus, and not a prophet named Muhammad!
Once we return to the Syriac Aramaic writings from which those who put the Qur'an together borrowed so much of their material, we find that the reference to 'Muhammad' in those writings had nothing to do with a Muslim prophet named 'Muhammad' at all, but almost uniquely referred to the Christian Byzantine Jesus!
It is because of the very learned and linguistically adept scholarship of men like Christoph Luxemburg and Karl-Heinz Ohlig, that we have been recently introduced to the source for this term (see their books: 'The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran' by Christoph Luxemburg, and 'The Hidden Origins of Islam' edited by Karl-Heinz Ohlig and Gerd R. Puin).
This then helps us make sense of why so many of the inscriptions on the Dome of the Rock are centered on, and confronts the person of Jesus, his divinity, and the trinity.
Thus, the term 'Muhammad' was meant to refer not to a man, but to 'The Praised One', who is the 'Servant of God', who of course was Jesus.
Since so much of the Qur'an was borrowed from these earlier Christian Syro-Aramaic readings, it stands to reason that we return to them to then understand, not only the inscriptions, but the Qur'an itself.
Once we do, so many of the difficult passages in its pages then become understandable.
Once again, when we find curious and anachronistic references in the Qur'an and in the Standard Islamic Narrative which make no sense, or are historically not viable, because they were written during the 8th century and later, the best thing to do is simply return to the century the events they talk about took place, the 7th century, and follow where the evidence leads in that century.
For those who would like to download a PDF copy of Christoph Luxenburg's "Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran" you can do so here: https://ia800409.us.archive.org/1/items/ChristophLuxenberg/Christoph%20Luxenberg.pdf
© Pfander Centre for Apologetics - US, 2021
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The Qur'an, Muslims believe, is an exact word-for-word copy of God's final revelation, which are found on the original tablets that have always existed in heaven. Muslims point to Surah 85:21-22 to support it, which says, “Nay this is a glorious Qur'an, (inscribed) in a tablet preserved”. Islamic scholars contend that this passage refers to the tablets which were never created. They believe that the Qur'an we use today is an absolute identical copy of this eternal heavenly book, even so far as the punctuation, titles, and divisions of chapters is concerned (why modern translations still can't agree what those divisions are is evident when trying to refer to an aya for comparison between one version and another).
So, where is there an exact copy anywhere of this perfect Qur’an in the 7th and 8th centuries, or even up to and including the early 20th century? We know that the Qur’an in our hands today, the ‘Hafs’ Qur’an, was only finalized in Cairo, Egypt, in 1924, and then was made official for all of Egypt in 1936, but was only made official for the whole world by King Fahd in Saudi Arabia in 1985, barely 34 years ago! So, it’s a very new book, proving it’s not something which is eternal at all!
Nonetheless, this brings up the question concerning why so much of the Medinan material in the Qur’an follows the life of Muhammad so closely, when it is a revelation which is supposedly eternal? Take for instance Surah 33:36-38, where we find the story of Muhammad falling for the beauty of Zaid’s wife Zainab, who then gives her to Muhammad, or the injunctions concerning the unique and special positions given to Muhammad’s wives in Surah 33:28, 50-51. Why would such specific injunctions and stories surrounding the life of just one man be found in an eternal book which is given to all men for all time?
Of greater concern, however, is the reference in Surah 85:22 of an eternally preserved tablet in heaven. If only Allah is eternal, wouldn’t this suggest a duality between the god-head, Allah, and the Qur’an, both claiming to be eternal, which would contravene the one unforgivable sin, that of committing ‘shirk’, to say nothing of confronting the whole notion of the theology surrounding the oneness of God (Tawhid)? If Allah is truly one, then how can he have a book, or tablet, in fact, an inanimate object, co-existing with him eternally?
And then there is the problem concerning how Allah actually got this book to earth. According to the Qur’an, these `revelations' were “sent down” (Tanzil or Nazil) (Surah 17:85, 105), either during the one night of power or destiny (laylat al Qadr), which can be found in Surah 97:1-5, or it was revealed to Muhammad in installments, as need arose, via the angel Gabriel over a period of
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We are introducing a brand new course taught by Dr Daniel Janosik, one of our 5 professors here in the MAPI Program (Master's of Arts in Apologetics and Polemics of Islam), at the Veritas International University (https://viu.ves.edu/).
Dr Janosik will be looking at 1400 years of Islam, going through every one of the 14 centuries of its history, beginning with the 7th century, and on up to the present.
We are privileged therefore to have him come to our MAPI program and teach the 8-week course, starting on August 30th.
But you need to be a Christian to take this course, as it is being taught at the 'Veritas International University' (VIU) which is a Christian seminary, and, therefore, can only permit Christian students to participate.
All of the lectures will be taught on Monday evenings, beginning on Monday the 30th of August, until Monday October the 25th, from 8:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. (Eastern Standard Time), all entirely ONLINE, using the Zoom webinar.
The lectures will also be recorded so that those who can't make it to the live lectures can still watch them wherever they are in the world, and at any time they choose.
There are 3 categories of students for this course:
1) The first are those who want to take this course for a Masters or a Doctorate academic credit. The fee for this 8-week course is around $960 - $1,000 (depending on if you are a returning or a new student).
2) The second category are those who want to audit the course to obtain an audit certificate at the end of the 8 weeks. The fee for this 8-week course is $280
3) The third category are those who simply want to take this course for their 'Personal Enrichment'. The fee for this 8-week course is $185.
All of the students will have access to all of the lectures, and to all of the PowerPoints for the entire course. The full time and audit students will also have admission to the Populi site to participate in the weekly discussions, and will have access to the reading lists and assignments, though the full time students will only be required to fulfill them.
If you are interested in any of these 3 levels, simply e-mail the registrar 'Noelle' at: info@ves.edu
But you need to hurry, as the deadline is August the 30th.
Just e-mail: info@ves.edu and tell them 'Jay sent you'
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26 QU
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In this longer video Hatun and Jay begin by sitting down for a number of minutes and introduce what you are going to see next. Jay mentions that Hatun must be credited with hunting for and finding all of the 26 differing Qur'ans in various Arabic countries around the Middle East and Northern Africa, and that it is she who tabulated all of the 45,339 variants within the Qur'ans she has looked at so far.
They then note that the Arabic work on these 26 Qur'ans was not done by them, since (though Jay has had 2 years of Arabic), neither of them are expert Arabists. That work was carried out by Arabists, none of whom felt safe enough to introduce their own work, or even be named at such a public place as Speaker's Corner, which says volumes about why this work has never been done before...it's just too dangerous.
They then go through and present the entire video of what happened down at Speaker's Corner last Sunday, which you will find to be quite entertaining.
Finally, at the end, at 1 hour and 27 minutes, they put up, one after another, all of the 70 slides they had taken with them to the Corner on Sunday, showing some of the differences between the 26 Qur'ans, side by side. This they did specifically for those who want to study these differences more carefully, and are more serious concerning this argument.
They are trying to be as transparent as they can, because it is clear to them that once this material gets disseminated and reviewed within mainstream academia, which they hope will then be taken up by the Western media, Muslims will no longer be able to simply claim that the Qur'an is pure, complete, and unchanged, nor that it came from Allah, or Muhammad, or Uthman.
With these 45,339 variants in 26 different Arabic Qur'ans, they are proving that there are not only many differing Arabic Qur'ans in the world today, but that these differences were not around at all in the 7th century (disproving the notion that there were 7 'Ahruf' or readings at the time of Muhammad), but that they begin to appear in the 8th - 10th centuries, a good 100 - 300 years after Muhammad, and still exist today.
What's more, the Qur'an which is used today, and was canonized in 1924, just 93 years ago (the Hafs Qur'an) is just one of these 26, created by a man named Hafs, in the city of Kufa (in present day Iraq), around 805 AD, a full 170 years after the life of Muhammad!
This is further proof, they believe, that the Qur'an is nothing more than a man-made document, written by failed men, just like you and me.
So, where then will Muslims go for the authority they need for their book and their man?
Hopefully they will come home to 'our book and our Man'!
Let's 'bring them home'
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SHABI
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Dr Shabir Ally, on June 13, 2022 was asked by his daughter Dr Safiyya Ally, how Muslims can accept the findings of the Sana'a Manuscript which has writings in is lower Palimpsest text that don't conform to the upper text, nor to the Qur'an today (i.e. the lower text has 63 verses with 70 differences from our present Qur'an)?
Dr Ally made 6 admissions in his response to this question on the Sana'a MSS:
1) The Lower layer was indeed different from the upper layer with "significant variations", though he claimed they didn't change any doctrine, theology, or practice. Nonetheless, this is his first public admission that there could have been another Qur'an from that of Uthman's canonical Qur'an.
2) This Sana'a Manuscript was actually "pre-Uthmanic", and could have come from other early collections by Ubay ibn Ka'ab (who lived in Damascus, who had 116 Suras in his Qur'an), or from Ibn Masu'd's Qur'an (from Baghdad, who had only 110 Suras in his Qur'an). Yet, since Uthman's Qur'an had 114 Suras, Shabir is admitting yet again that there were different Qur'ans.
3) That Uthman's Qur'an "accurately represented the preaching of Muhammad". But how does he know, since it didn't agree with the other codices of the companions of the prophet, and it was written 20 years after Muhammad died?
4) That the oft repeated claim by almost 99.9% of all Muslims today that there has been no changes to the Qur'an, that our Qur'an today is exactly the same, "Word for Word, and Letter for Letter" like that of Uthman's Qur'an is only said by "idiots" and is not "Academic", because scholars know that there have been additions and accretions, and deletions. What an admission!
5) That the Sana'a manuscript's palimpsest (a difference between the two layers) proves that there was no suppression by Uthman of the final Qur'an; yet he just admitted earlier that the companion codices were suppressed by Uthman, and had he read Bukahri's account of the Qur'an's creation, he would have see that Uthman burned every codice which didn't agree with his codex, proving that there was all kinds of suppression.
6) That Uthman's Qur'an was produced "With scholarly scrutiny of their collective representation of what they knew Muhammad had said. Much like the Gospel writers (Peter, James and John) recollections of what Jesus said and did, so was the Qur'an written down." What an admission!
Dr Ally is basically admitting in his conclusion that the Qur'an is not eternal, nor is it derived from 'preserved tablets' in heaven, nor was it 'guarded by Allah from any changes' (Surahs 10:15; 18:27; 15:9 & 85:21-22), but that it is nothing other than a document written by men (the companions of the prophet) years after the fact, of their "recollections" of what Muhammad possibly said and what he possibly did.
In 17 minutes Dr Shabir Ally has demoted the Qur'an from an "eternal text" to nothing other than any other book written by men from what they remembered another man said or did, and in one fell swoop has destroyed the Qur'an's Perfect Preservation.
© Pfander Centre for Apologetics - US, 2022
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SPEAK
speaker's-ladders-are-now-illegal-at
As we mentioned in our earlier video, the debate between Jay Smith and Muhammad Hijab will probably be the last time you will see Jay Smith, or anyone else speaking from a ladder at Speaker's Corner.
Yet, this has been a tradition which goes back at least 150 years!
Jay talks about this tradition in this 11 minute video, showing archival pictures which prove that Speaker's Corner has always had people standing on ladders, not only to be heard, but also be seen by the crowds who come there every Sunday for a good laugh, or a good debate.
To be fair, the law that stipulates that speaker's have to get off a ladder, or even leave the Corner if a constable requests them to do so is a real law, and was enacted in 1997 under 'The Royal Parks and other open Spaces Regulation' (1997 - Regulation 3, number 15). But it was only brought in to protect speaker's who were being encroached on by other speaker's, or to force certain speaker's who were inciting violence or racial hatred. It was never intended to force every speaker to throw their ladders away, and remain solidly on the ground.
And this law is not intended to stop the freedom of speech, as speaker's can still speak about anything they want, but now only on the ground, which will permit only small crowds of tightly knotted individuals, with little possibility of larger groups attending.
But discussions like this can be done anywhere, on street corners, in restaurants and cafes, and at book stalls. So, why then, even have a Speaker's Corner if no one can speak from ladders anymore? It will quickly lose its uniqueness, and become in time nothing more than a 'Discussion Corner'.
But you can help. If you want to see the ladders brought back to Speaker's Corner, then why not write to the person who is enforcing this law so strictly.
Her name is 'Inspector Harris'
Why not ask her why she is doing this, and what does she hope to attain from such an overly strict interpretation of this law?
You can write to her at the address below which the police gave Jay yesterday, for that very purpose.
Inspector Harris
The Old Police House
Hyde Park, London
W2 2UH
Let's bring the ladders back to Speaker's Corner, where they belong!
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CRIKE
crikey!-muhammad's-an-awful-model-for
Hatun and Jay ask the age old question...Who is the best model for today, or any day? They do a comparison between Muhammad and Jesus, and find that in every area of comparison, Jesus comes out on top, while Muhammad fails miserably.
They look at the violence he perpetrated against those who criticized him, or even rejected him. But they were careful to only use the strongest Islamic sources to back themselves up, so that they could not be called hate preachers....which inevitably, they were stilled called.
They then conclude by looking at Jesus, and finding no one in the crowd who can dispute or find anything wrong with him...case closed!
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FAQ-4
faq-41-is-the-qur'an-the-'word-of-god'
Normally, when one begins any research into the Qur'an, the first question which should be asked is how we know that it is what the Muslims claim it to be, the 'Word of God'? In order to answer that question, we would need to go to the source of the Qur'an, to its author, to ascertain just what this means.
Yet, here in lies the dilemma, since no Muslim knows who the author of the Qur’an is. It can’t be Allah, because Allah is incapable of entering ‘time and space’ and coming to earth to write a book. It can’t be Muhammad, because he could neither read nor write. So, who else is left? Could it be Zaid ibn Thabit, Muhammad’s secretary, or Uthman, the caliph credited with compiling the final recension of the Qur’an?
The external Historical critique of the Qur'an dealt with this very problem very well, confronting us with the dearth of any manuscript of any Qur’an from the time of Muhammad, or Uthman, or of anyone else in the 7th century, so I won't repeat those arguments here.
Suffice it to say, that the only real source for the Qur'an that we’re left with is the book itself, and what the Muslim Traditions tell us concerning how that book came to be created. Because of their late compilations (200-300 years after the event), and the contradicting documentation which we now possess prior to 750 A.D., we find it difficult to consider either of them as valid or authentic source material.
However, since we are attempting to compare the Qur'an with our own scriptures, we will, for the time being, set aside our historical prejudices and assume, for arguments sake, that the Islamic traditions are correct. In other words, we will take the position of current orthodox Muslim scholarship and presume that the Qur'an was sent down to a man named Muhammad between 610-632 AD, and then compiled between the years 650-652 A.D., under the auspices of the caliph Uthman, and that the Qur'an we have in our hands today, is that very Qur'an.
It is from this premise that we will attempt to respond to the question of whether the Qur'an is the 'Word of God', and as such, can claim to be the final and most perfect revelation of God's word to humanity.
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UP TO
up-to-300-prophets-are-buried-in-mecca!
Here's another real headache for Muslims...according to their Standard Islamic Narrative (i.e. the 9th-10th century Islamic Traditions), many of the Biblical prophets were buried in Mecca, most of them right around the Ka'aba itself.
Theses include Adam and Eve, Seth, Ishmael, Noah, Hud (the great-great grandson of Noah), Salih (the grandfather of Hagar), the Queen of Sheba, Daniel, and between 70 - 300 others, all buried near to or surrounding the Ka'aba, in Mecca.
According to Uri Rubin, he notes “A tradition of Muqatil which says that between Zamzam [well] and the Rukn there were buried 70 prophets, including Hud, Salih, and Ishmael.
Another tradition which is traced back to the prophet states that the graves of Nuh, Hud, Shu‘ayb, Salih, and Ishmael were located between the Zamzam [well] and the Maqam.
In a further tradition, the number of prophets buried between the Rukn, the Maqam, and Zamzam is said to have been 77 or 99.
Another tradition speaks of 70 prophets buried....” (Khagarushi, pg. 167b. Cf. Suyuti, Durr, I, pg.136).
The prophet also reported that around the Ka‘ba there were buried 300 prophets, and between al-Rukn al-Yamani and al-Rukn al-Aswad there were buried 70 prophets. (Khargushi 167b; Halabi, I, pg. 154”)
See aslo Uri Rubin, “The Ka‘ba: Aspects of Its Ritual Functions and Position in Pre-Islamic and Early Islamic Times.” Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam - From Jahi-liyya to Islam - Part 2 (1986), pg.111.
Brannon Wheeler notes, “In his exegesis of Q. 2.125, al-Suyuti reports that Shu‘ayb, along with Hud,
Salih, Ishmael, and Noah are buried in the sanctuary at Mecca. Taqi al-Din al-Fasi (d. 832/1429) records a number of traditions preserving reports that large numbers of prophets were buried near
the Ka‘ba in Mecca.”
See Brannon Wheeler, “Arab Prophets of the Qur’an and Bible.” Journal of Qur’anic Studies 8, no. 2
(October 2006): 24–57, pg.35
What's more, according to Umar S. al-Ashqar (pages 144-146), “It is narrated in a ṣaḥeeḥ (authentic) hadith that the Prophet said: “The Prophets are alive in their grave, praying.” (pg.146)
He continues, “One of the ways in which Allah honours His Prophets and Messengers is that the
earth does not consume their bodies. No matter how long a time passes, their bodies remain preserved from decay".
According to a hadith: ‘Allah has forbidden the earth to consume the bodies of the Prophets’.” (pg.144). “The șaḥeeḥ (sound and authentic) texts indicate that the bodies of the Prophets will not decay or disappear as happens to the bodies of others.
According to a hadith narrated by Abu Dawood and classed as șaḥeeḥ by Ibn Khuzaymah and others, “Allah has forbidden the earth to consume the bodies of the Prophets.��
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