Author: R. I. Moore File Type: epub The great war on heresy obsessed medieval Europe in the centuries after the first millennium. R. I. Moores vivid narrative focuses on the motives and anxieties of those who declared and conducted the war what were the beliefs and practices they saw as heretical? How might such beliefs have arisen? And why were they such a threat?In western Europe at AD 1000 heresy had barely been heard of. Yet within a few generations accusations had become commonplace and institutions were being set up to identify and suppress beliefs and practices seen as departures from true religion. Fears of heresy inspired passions that moulded European society for the rest of the middle ages and resulted in a series of persecutions that left an indelible mark on its history and culture. Popular accounts of events - most notably of the Albigensian Crusade led by Europe against itself - have assumed the threats posed by the heretical movements were only too real. Some scholars by contrast have tried to show that reports of heresy were exaggerated or even fabricated but if they are correct why was the war on heresy launched at all? And why was it conducted with such pitiless ferocity? To find the answers to these and other questions R. I. Moore returns to the evidence of the time. His investigation forms the basis for an account as profound as it is startlingly original.

Author: Michel de Montaigne File Type: epub An NYRB Classics Original Shakespeare, Nietzsche wrote, was Montaignes best readera typically brilliant Nietzschean insight, capturing the intimate relationship between Montaignes ever-changing record of the self and Shakespeares kaleidoscopic register of human character. And there is no doubt that Shakespeare read Montaignethough how extensively remains a matter of debateand that the translation he read him in was that of John Florio, a fascinating polymath, man-about-town, and dazzlingly inventive writer himself. Florios Montaigne is in fact one of the masterpieces of English prose, with a stylistic range and felicity and passages of deep lingering music that make it comparable to Sir Robert Burtons Anatomy of Melancholy and the works of Sir Thomas Browne. This new edition of this seminal work, edited by Stephen Greenblatt and Peter G. Platt, features an adroitly modernized text, an essay in which Greenblatt discusses both the resemblances and real tensions between Montaignes and Shakespeares visions of the world, and Platts introduction to the life and times of the extraordinary Florio. Altogether, this book provides a remarkable new experience of not just two but three great writers who ushered in the modern world.**ReviewRead Montaigne in order to live. Gustave Flaubert Stephen Greenblatt and Peter Platt have annotated selections in Shakespeares Montaigne and the result is a crash course in Elizabethan lit, a multiculti study of the development of English, and, above all, a revisionist biography of a monumental dramatist who not only cribbed the classical education he lacked but also responded to his sources with a fierce and censorious intelligence. Joshua Cohen, Harpers Magazine Like Montaigne, Florio wrote by exuding ever more complex thoughts as a spider exudes silk. But while Montaigne always moves forward, Florio winds back on himself and scrunches his sentences into ever tighter baroque spirals until their meaning disappears in a puff of syntax. The real magic happens when the two writers meet. Montaignes earthiness holds Florios convolutions in check, while Florio gives Montaigne an Elizabethan English quality, as well as a lot of sheer fun. Sarah Bakewell, How to Live, or, A Life of Montaigne He was the first who had the courage to say as an author what he felt as a man. William Hazlitt That such a man wrote has truly augmented the joy of living on Earth. Friedrich Nietzsche Montaigne is the frankest and honestest of all writers. Ralph Waldo Emerson I defy any reader of Montaigne not to put down the book at some point and say with incredulity How did he know all that about me? Bernard Levin, The Times (London) So much have I made him my own, that it seems he is my very self. Andre Gide Here is a you in which I is reflected here is where all distance is abolished. Stefan Zweig It is not in Montaigne but in myself that I find everything I see there. Blaise Pascal Upon his version of Montaignes Essays [Florio] exhausted his gifts and lavished his temperament. ...Turn where you will in his translation, and you will find flowers of speech. The Cambridge History of English and American LiteratureAbout the AuthorMichel de Montaigne (15331592) was born in Aquitaine, not far from Bordeaux, in the chateau of his wealthy aristocratic family. Educated by his father in Latin and Greek from an early age, Montaigne attended boarding school in Bordeaux before studying law in Toulouse. He then embarked on a distinguished public career, serving as a counselor of court in Perigueux and Bordeaux, becoming a courtier to Charles the IX, and receiving the collar of the Order of Saint Michael. After the death of his father in 1568, Montaigne succeeded to the title of Lord of Montaigne, and in 1571 he retired from public life in order to devote himself to reading and writing, publishing the first two volumes of his essays in 1580 and a third in 1588. From 1581 to 1585, he was the elected mayor of Bordeaux, confronting ongoing strife between Catholics and Protestants as well as an outbreak of the plague. Married to Francoise de Cassaigne, Montaigne was the father of six daughters, only one of whom survived into adulthood. He continued to write new essays and to add new material to the existing ones until the end of his life. The complete essays appeared posthumously in 1595. John Florio (15531625) was born in London, the son of Michelangelo Florio, a Tuscan convert to Protestantism who had moved to England because of his religious beliefs and who served as a language tutor to several highborn English families. Raised in Italian-speaking Switzerland and Germany, where his father fled after the Catholic Queen Mary I came to the English throne, John Florio returned to England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I and followed in his fathers footsteps as an instructor of languages, teaching French and Italian at Magdalen College, Oxford, and, under King James I, working as a private tutor to the Crown Prince and the Queen Consort. Florios works include First Fruits, which yield Familiar Speech, Merry Proverbs, Witty Sentences, and Golden Sayings A Perfect Induction to the Italian and English Tongues Second Fruits, to be gathered of Twelve Trees, of divers but delightsome Tastes to the Tongues of Italian and English men Garden of Recreation, yielding six thousand Italian Proverbs an ItalianEnglish dictionary, A World of Words (the second edition of which was entitled Queen Annas New World of Words) and his celebrated translation of Montaignes Essays. Stephen Greenblatt is the author of, among other books, Will in the World How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare and The Swerve How the World Became Modern (winner of the National Book Award, the James Russell Lowell Award, and the Pulitzer Prize). He is the John Cogan University Professor of the Humanities at Harvard. Peter G. Platt is a professor and chair of English at Barnard College. He is the author of Shakespeare and the Culture of Paradox (2009) and Reason Diminished Shakespeare and the Marvelous (1997), and the editor of Wonders, Marvels, and Monsters in Early Modern Culture (1999). He has written articles about Shakespeare, Renaissance poetics and rhetoric, and John Florio. He is currently writing a book about Shakespeare and Montaigne.