The history of independent India began when the country became an independent nation within the British Commonwealth on 15 August 1947. Direct administration by the British, which began in 1858, affected a political and economic unification of the subcontinent. When British rule came to an end in 1947, the subcontinent was partitioned along religious lines into two separate countries—India, with a majority of Hindus, and Pakistan, with a majority of Muslims.Concurrently the Muslim-majority northwest and east of British India was separated into the Dominion of Pakistan, by the Partition of India. The partition led to a population transfer of more than 10 million people between India and Pakistan and the death of about one million people. Indian National Congress leader Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister of India, but the leader most associated with the independence struggle, Mahatma Gandhi, accepted no office. The constitution adopted in 1950 made India a democratic country, and this democracy has been sustained since then. India's sustained democratic freedoms are unique among the world's newly independent states. The nation has faced religious violence, naxalism, terrorism and regional separatist insurgencies. India has unresolved territorial disputes with China which in 1962 escalated into the Sino-Indian War, and with Pakistan which resulted in wars in 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999. India was neutral in the Cold War, and was a leader in the Non-Aligned Movement. However, it made a loose alliance with the Soviet Union from 1971, when Pakistan was allied with the United States and the People's Republic of China. India is a nuclear-weapon state, having conducted its first nuclear test in 1974, followed by another five tests in 1998. From the 1950s to the 1980s, India followed socialist-inspired policies. The economy was influenced by extensive regulation, protectionism and public ownership, leading to pervasive corruption and slow economic growth. Beginning in 1991, economic liberalisation in India has transformed India into the third largest and one of the fastest-growing economies in the world despite following Dirigisme economic system.[unbalanced opinion?] From being a relatively destitute country in its formative years,[3] the Republic of India has emerged as a fast growing G20 major economy with high military spending,and is seeking a permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council. India has sometimes been referred to as a great power and a potential superpower given its large and growing economy, military and population. 3Paisa Obverse Ashoka Lion Capitol Lettering: भारत INDIA Translation: India India Reverse "Teen Paise" (three paise) in Devanagari Denomination flanked by sprays, date below Lettering: 3 तीन पैसे 1964 Translation: 3 Paise 20 Paisa 1970- 20 PAISE SUN LOTUS COIN Commemorative issue FAO - World Food Day- Food for all Obverse Ashoka Lion Capitol, denomination below Lettering: भारत INDIA पैसे 20 PAISE Reverse Floating lotus flower below sun, flanked by wheat grains Lettering: 1970 FOOD FOR ALL सब के लिए अन्न 1/2 Rupee Obverse Ashoka lion capitol, legend in English surrounds Lettering: GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Reverse Value flanked by stalks of wheat, date below, and the legend 'Aadha Rupya' in Devnagari Lettering: आधा रुपया 1/2 RUPEE 1950 Translation: Half Rupee 1/2 Rupee 1950 SHA 205/209/213/214 #coin #coincollecting #coincollection #indiacoin #oldcoins #numismatics #indiahistory #india #coinmaster #coinhuntworld #collectibles ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZb6hwQH7Zo

new arrival coins for my collection 23 01 2024 @menumist #menumismatist #menumist #coin #coincollecting #worldcoins #coins #commemorate ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iawIo1iQSRo