The Phoenician Immigrant Community in Piraeus Honours Shamo’-Baal an illustrious dignitary; 96 BC! KAI 60: In Hebrew Letters. בים ( 4) למרזח בשת (14) לעם צדן תם בד צדנים בנאספת לעטר אית שמעבעל בן מגן אש נשא הגו על בת אלם ועל מבנת חצר בת אלם עטרת חרץ בדרכנם (20) למחת כ בן אית חצר בת אלם ופעל אית כל אש עלתי משרת אית רעת ז לכתב האדמם אש נשאם לן על בת אלם עלת מצבת חרץ ויטנאי בערפת בת אלם ען אש לכנת גו ערב עלת מצבת ז ישאן בכסף אלם בעל צדן דרכמנם (20) למחת לכן ידע הצדנים כ ידע הגו לשלם חלפת אית אדמם א{.}ש פעל משרת את פן גו The Greek Part of the Inscription: τὸ κοινὸν τῶν Σιδωνίων | Διοπείθ<η>ν Σιδώνιον. Phoenician Inscription in modified Latin Alphabet: 1-BYM 4 LMRZḤ BŠT 14 LᶜM ṢDN TM BD ṢDNM BNᵓSPT LᶜṬR 2-ᵓYT ŠMBᶜL BN MGN ᵓŠ NŠᵓ HGW ᶜL BT ᵓLM WᶜL MBNT ḤṢR BT ᵓLM 3-ᶜṬRT ḤRṢ BDRKNM 20 LMḤT K BN ᵓYT ḤṢRBT ᵓLM WPᶜL ᵓYT KL 4- ᵓŠ ᶜLTY MŠRT ᵓYT RᶜT Z LKTB HᵓDMM ᵓŠ NŠᵓM LN ᶜL BT 5- ᵓLM ᶜLT MṢBT ḤRṢ WYṬNᵓY BᶜRPT BT ᵓLM ᶜN ᵓŠ LKNT GR 6- ᶜRB ᶜLT MṢBT Z YŠᵓN BKSP ᵓLM BᶜL ṢDN DRKMNM 20 LMḤT 7- LKN YDᶜ HṢDNM K YDᶜ HGW LŠLM ḤLPT ᵓYT ᵓDMM ᵓŠ PᶜL 8- MŠRT ᵓT PN GW. English Translation of the Phoenician and Greek inscriptions. 1- On the 4th day of the feast. In the 14th year of the people of Sidon, it was resolved by the Sidonians in assembly: -to crown 2-Shamo-baal son of Magon, who (had been) a superintendent of the community in charge of the Temple and in charge of the buildings in the Temple Court, 3- with a golden crown worth 20 darics sterling, because he (re-)built the Temple Court and did all 4- that was required of him by way of service; -that the men who are our superintendents in charge of the Temple should write this decision 5- on a chiselled stele, and should set it up in the portico of the Temple before the eyes of men;-(and) that the community should be named 6- as guarantor. For this stele the citizen of Sidon shall draw 20 drachmae sterling from the Temple treasury. 7- So may the Sidonians know that the community knows how to compensate those persons who have performed 8- service on behalf of the community. (Greek) The association (koinon) of the Sidonians honoured Diopeithes, Sidonian. French Translation : 1-Au jours 4 de la fête du culte de l’an 14 de l’ère de Sidon, il fut décidé par les Sidoniens à l’unanimité. (Ce qui suit) : 2- pour couronner Chamobaal fils de Magon, qui est à la tête de la communauté, au-dessus du Temple 3-et au-dessus de l’édifice de la cour : une couronne d’or de 20 Dariques, d’après une émission exacte ; parce qu’il a bâti la cour du Temple, et a accompli tout 4-ce qui lui incombait comme service à exécuter. Ces personnes qui parmi nous, sont désignées comme les supérieurs 5-du Temple, doivent écrire sur une stèle gravée, et la dresser dans la grande salle à colonne du Temple, à la vue de tout homme, (et) nommer la communauté garante 6- de cette stèle. Les garants de Sidon paieront 20 Drachmes, selon la frappe monétaire exacte en argent du dieu, 7-par laquelle les Sidoniens sauront que la communauté sait(comment) récompenser les personnes qui ont accompli 8-un service pour (devant) la communauté. Le texte Grecque : La communauté des Sidoniens a honoré Dioptres ; un Sidonien. Arabic Translation: 1- في اليوم الرابع من العيد، و في السنة الرابعة عشرة لشعب صيدا، قرر الصيدونيون بالإجماع: - تتويج 2-شامُع بعل بن ماجون، الذي (كان) مشرف الجالية(الصيدونية\الفينيقية) المسؤول عن الهيكل والمسؤول عن المباني في باحة الهيكل، 3- بتاج ذهبي قيمته 20 داريك لأنه (أعاد) بناء ساحة الهيكل وفعل كل شيء 4- كان مطلوبًا منه؛ - يجب أن يكتب الرجال الذين هم مشرفونا المسؤولون عن الهيكل هذا القرار. 5- على مسلة ذهبية منقوشة، ويجب رفعها في رواق الهيكل أمام أعين (كل الرجال) الناس؛ - (و) يجب على الجالية 6- ان تسمي ضامن\امين على هذه المسلة. ويجب أن يسحبوا 20 دراخما من مال الاله بعل صيدون. 7- لكي يعلم الصيدونيون أن الجالية تعرف كيف تكافئ أولئك الذين أدو 8 خدمة امام الجالية. النص اليوناني قامت جمعية (كونيون)الصيدونيون بتكريم ديوبثيون الصيدوني (معنى الاسم في اليونانية مشتق من زيوس ويعني الاله وبيثون ويعني: الاقناع، الطاعة، الاستسلام ل, والأيمن, والثقة ب ) References: • 1- Les Inscriptions Phéniciennes et Leur Style, F. Stephan Lebanese University 1985. • 2-Phoenician-Punic Dictionary, C. Krahmalkov, Peeters 2000. • 3-A Grammar of Phoenician and Punic, S. Segert, Verlag C.H. Beck Munchen, 1976. • 4- Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions, Volume III, Phoenician Inscriptions. J. Gibson. Oxford University Press, 2002. • 5- Phoenician-Punic Dictionary, Charles R. Krahhmalkov, Peeters, Orientalia Lovaniensia, Studia Phoenicia XV, Leuven 2000. • 6-A Comparative Semitic Lexicon of the Phoenician and Punic Languages. Richard S. Tomback. Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation series number 32. Wipf and Stock publishers, 1978 republished 2019 • . 7-Facsimile of the Phoenician text by Mark Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nordsemitischen Epigraphik: II Teil Tafeln (Weimar: Verlag von Emil Farber, 1898), Taf. VIII, 6. • 8- Educational information: the Phoenician language, Writing, Alphabet, Numeral system (anticopedie.fr)

The Phoenician Inscriptions of 'Baal of Lebanon' from Carthage of Cyprus around 780 BC: 1-Inscription on Bowl A: (KAI: 31.1) In Phoenician using Hebrew Alphabet: אבטב סכן קרתחדשת עבד חרם מלך צדנם, אז יתן לבעל לבנן אדני בראשת נחשת ה... In Phoenician; using the SBL transliteration system: ᵓB/ᵓḤṬB SKN QRTḤDŠT ᶜBD ḤRM MLK ṢDNM ᵓZ YTN LBᶜL LBNN ᵓDNY BRᵓŠT NḤŠT H... English translation: Abitub/Ahitub; governor of Carthage, servant of Hirom, King of the Sidonians, gave this to Baal of Lebanon, his Lord, of the first yield of copper from H... French translation: Abitob, gouverneur de Carthage, serviteur de Hiram, Roi des Sidoniens, a donné ceci, à Baal du Liban, son seigneur, du premier rendement de cuivre de la région H… Arabic translation: ابيطوب, حاكم قرطاجة, خادم حيرام, ملك الصيدونيين, هذه الكأس اعطاها لبعل لبنان, سيده, من بواكير النحاس المستخرجة من المنطقة...ه 2-Inscription on Bowl B: (KAI:31.2) In Phoenician using Hebrew Alphabet: אחטב סכן קרתחדשת...לבעל לבנן אדני In Phoenician using the SBL Transliteration System: ᵓB/ᵓḤṬB SKN QRTḤDŠT... LBᶜL LBNN ᵓDNY English translation: Abitub/Ahitub, governor of Carthage... To Baal of Lebanon, his Lord. French translation: Ahitob, gouverneur de Carthage, à Baal du Liban son seigneur. Arabic translation: احيطوب, حاكم قرطاجة, لبعل لبنان, سيده. These two bronze fragmented cups/bowls were found in a shop in Limassol Cyprus in 1877 and are now preserved in the Louvre Museum. These cups were dedications by the governor of Carthage of Cyprus to Baal of Lebanon. The first two letters of the governor's name could not be read hence the two possible above names for that ruler whose King was most likely according to some scholars King Hiram/Hirom II of Sidon and Tyre and who reigned around 800-780 BC. I am sorry I could not find online any picture or link to those two cups in order to show them to you. I would be grateful to anyone who could provide them. The 2 slides at the end of this video are my writings in Phoenician of the 2 inscriptions. Thank you for watching and may God bless! References : 1- Les inscriptions Phéniciennes et leur style, Fady Stéphan, publications de l’Université Libanaise, Beyrouth, Liban 1985. 2- A Phoenician-Punic Grammar, Charles R. Krahmalkov, Brill, 2001. 3- Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions, Volume III, Phoenician Inscriptions. J. Gibson. Oxford University Press, 2002. 4- Phoenician-Punic Dictionary, Charles R. Krahhmalkov, Peeters, Orientalia Lovaniensia, Studia Phoenicia XV, Leuven 2000. ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ohZpd7nEA4