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7 Feb 2021 14:34:58 UTC
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40940
Author: Warren Treadgold
File Type: pdf
This is the first comprehensive and up-to-date history of Byzantium to appear in almost sixty years, and the first ever to cover both the Byzantine state and Byzantine society. It begins in A.D. 285, when the emperor Diocletian separated what became Byzantium from the western Roman Empire, and ends in 1461, when the last Byzantine outposts fell to the Ottoman Turks. Spanning twelve centuries and three continents, the Byzantine Empire linked the ancient and modern worlds, shaping and transmitting Greek, Roman, and Christian traditionsincluding the Greek classics, Roman law, and Christian theologythat remain vigorous today, not only in Eastern Europe and the Middle East but throughout Western civilization. Though in its politics Byzantium often resembled a third-world dictatorship, it has never yet been matched in maintaining a single state for so long, over a wide area inhabited by heterogeneous peoples. Drawing on a wealth of original sources and modern works, the author treats political and social developments as a single vivid story, told partly in detailed narrative and partly in essays that clarify long-term changes. He avoids stereotypes and rejects such old and new historical orthodoxies as the persistent weakness of the Byzantine economy and the pervasive importance of holy men in Late Antiquity. Without neglecting underlying social, cultural, and economic trends, the author shows the often crucial impact of nearly a hundred Byzantine emperors and empresses. What the emperor or empress did, or did not do, could rapidly confront ordinary Byzantines with economic ruin, new religious doctrines, or conquest by a foreign power. Much attention is paid to the complex life of the court and bureaucracy that has given us the adjective byzantine. The major personalities include such famous names as Constantine, Justinian, Theodora, and Heraclius, along with lesser-known figures like Constans II, Irene, Basil II the Bulgar-Slayer, and Michael VIII Palaeologus. Byzantine civilization emerges as durable, creative, and realistic, overcoming repeated setbacks to remain prosperous almost to the end. With 221 illustrations and 18 maps that complement the text, A History of the Byzantine State and Society should long remain the standard history of Byzantium not just for students and scholars but for all readers. **From Library Journal The last few years have seen a renewed interest in Byzantium (e.g., John J. Norwichs A Short History of Byzantium, LJ 4197, and Treadgolds previous Byzantium and Its Army 284-1081, Stanford Univ., 1995). Byzantiums role in shaping and passing down to us the tradition, law and literature of the Greeks and Romans was vital to the rejuvenation of Western civilization. With this work the author (history, Florida International Univ.) has produced a comprehensive history of Byzantium that covers both state development and societal change. Working from original sources and modern works, he weaves social and political developments into a vivid story of Byzantiums existence over the span of 1100 years. His work differs from Norwichs literary narrative compilations by drawing on the latest scholarship. Written for both the general reader and the scholar, this work may well become the standard English-language history of Byzantium. Highly recommended.?Robert Andrews, Duluth P.L., Minn. 1997 Reed Business Information, Inc. Review A vivid story of Byzantiums existence over the span of 1,100 years. . . . Drawing on the latest scholarship and written for both the general reader and the scholar, this work may well become the standard English-language history of Byzantium.Library Journal Fluently written for the general readerfew will tire of its 850 pages of textits coherent account reflects the most up-to-date scholarship.Los Angeles Times Book Review
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1 year ago
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32520
Author: Lani Guinier
File Type: epub
A fresh and bold argument for revamping our standards of merit and a clear blueprint for creating collaborative education models that strengthen our democracy rather than privileging individual elitesbr br Standing on the foundations of Americas promise of equal opportunity, our universities purport to serve as engines of social mobility and practitioners of democracy. But as acclaimed scholar and pioneering civil rights advocate Lani Guinier argues, the merit systems that dictate the admissions practices of these institutions are functioning to select and privilege elite individuals rather than create learning communities geared to advance democratic societies. Having studied and taught at schools such as Harvard University, Yale Law School, and the University of Pennsylvania Law School, Guinier has spent years examining the experiences of ethnic minorities and of women at the nations top institutions of higher education, and here she lays bare the practices that impede the stated missions of these schools. Goaded on by a contemporary culture that establishes value through ranking and sorting, universities assess applicants using the vocabulary of private, highly individualized merit. As a result of private merit standards and ever-increasing tuitions, our colleges and universities increasingly are failing in their mission to provide educational opportunity and to prepare students for productive and engaged citizenship. To reclaim higher education as a cornerstone of democracy, Guinier argues that institutions of higher learning must focus on admitting and educating a class of students who will be critical thinkers, active citizens, and publicly spirited leaders. Guinier presents a plan for considering democratic merit, a system that measures the success of higher education not by the personal qualities of the students who enter but by the work and service performed by the graduates who leave. Guinier goes on to offer vivid examples of communities that have developed effective learning strategies based not on an individuals merit but on the collaborative strength of a group, learning and working together, supporting members, and evolving into powerful collectives. Examples are taken from across the country and include a wide range of approaches, each innovative and effective. Guinier argues for reformation, not only of the very premises of admissions practices but of the shape of higher education itself. From the Hardcover edition.ReviewDrawing on academic research and anecdotal evidence, the book makes a strong pedagogical case. Kirkus Reviews This little book is an answer to the big question Why is our so-called meritocracy so blatantly unfair? With characteristic brilliance and insight, Lani Guinier not only answers the big question but points the way toward a more just and inclusive conception of education in a democratic society. Her transformative vision offers a hopeful alternative to our modern testocracy, which values standardized test scores (which measure little more than access to privilege), over the values and qualities that will contribute to a genuinely thriving, collaborative democracy. Tyranny of the Meritocracy is a must-read for all those who have guessed, but could not prove, that our hyper-competitive approach to higher educationwhich rewards those with the most wealth and privilege and blames the rest for their plightnot only makes a mockery of the term meritocracy but endangers our democracy. Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow A visitor from Mars might wonder whyin assigning opportunity to individuals and status to higher education institutionswe rely so heavily on a highly imperfect operationalization of meritthe standardized testor at least why there is so little debate about this practice. In this compelling, beautifully written book, Lani Guinier, one of our nations greatest legal minds, launches this debate anew. Here! Here!Claude Steele, author of Whistling Vivaldi coauthor of Young, Gifted, and Black Lani Guinier has written a new book that digs deep into the issue of meritocracy . . . a very powerful report on how we are to look at meritocracy and think about it in the 21st century. This book has something for every generation students, professors, and business leaders. I recommend it with great enthusiasm. Read it and learn, but also be one who looks very carefully at the issue of meritocracy and what it means today.Charles J. Ogletree, Jr., author of The Presumption of Guilt and All Deliberate Speed What I know is this we used to advertise for errand boys of good German descentand we no longer do. We dont because we now know that merit lies not in ethnic descent but in other placesin the ideas we have, in the work we do. It is quite clear than in another 50 years, todays systems of judging merit will seem to a new generation to be similar to our view of asking for a good German boy. Lani Guinier, Americas leading civil rights theorist, makes us question the notion of merit today so that we may achieve our own aspirations of an enlightened citizenry.Mahzarin R. Banaji, co-author of Blind Spot Hidden Biases of Good PeopleAbout the AuthorIn 1998, Lani Guinier became the first woman of color appointed to a tenured professorship at Harvard Law School. Before her Harvard appointment, she was a tenured professor at the University of Pennsylvania Law School. Guinier has published many books, including The Tyranny of the Majority, Becoming Gentlemen, Lift Every Voice, and The Miners Canary. In 1993 President Clinton nominated her to be the first black woman to head the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice, which set off a firestorm of controversy. She lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Transaction
Created
1 year ago
Content Type
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application/epub+zip
English