Author: Jaakko Hintikka File Type: pdf Aristotle thought of his logic and methodology as applications of the Socratic questioning method. In particular, logic was originally a study of answers necessitated by earlier answers. For Aristotle, thought-experiments were real experiments in the sense that by realizing forms in ones mind, one can read off their properties and interrelations. Treating forms as independent entities, knowable one by one, committed Aristotle to his mode of syllogistic explanation. He did not think of existence, predication and identity as separate senses of estin. Aristotle thus serves as an example of a thinker who did not rely on the distinction between the allegedly different Fregean senses, thereby shedding new light on our own conceptual presuppositions. This collection comprises several striking interpretations that Jaakko Hintikka has put forward over the years, constituting a challenge not only to Aristotelian scholars and historians of ideas, but to everyone interested in logic, epistemology or metaphysics and in their history.** Aristotle thought of his logic and methodology as applications of the Socratic questioning method. In particular, logic was originally a study of answers necessitated by earlier answers. For Aristotle, thought-experiments were real experiments in the sense that by realizing forms in ones mind, one can read off their properties and interrelations. Treating forms as independent entities, knowable one by one, committed Aristotle to his mode of syllogistic explanation. He did not think of existence, predication and identity as separate senses of estin. Aristotle thus serves as an example of a thinker who did not rely on the distinction between the allegedly different Fregean senses, thereby shedding new light on our own conceptual presuppositions. This collection comprises several striking interpretations that Jaakko Hintikka has put forward over the years, constituting a challenge not only to Aristotelian scholars and historians of ideas, but to everyone interested in logic, epistemology or metaphysics and in their history.About the AuthorJaakko Hintikka is the author or co-author of thirty volumes and of some 300 scholarly articles in mathematical and philosophical logic, epistemology, language theory, philosophy of science, history of ideas and history of philosophy, including Aristotle, Descartes, Leibniz, Kant, Peirce, The Bloomsbury Group, Husserl and Wittgenstein. He has also been active in international scholarly organizations, most recently as the First Vice-President of FISP, Vice-President of IIP and Co-Chair of the American Organizing Committee of the Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy. He has been Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal Synthese and the Managing Editor of Synthese Library since 1965.

Author: Anthony Tribe File Type: epub Using a commentary on the influential text, the Manjusri-namasamgiti, The Chanting of the Names of Manjusri, this book deals with Buddhist tantric meditation practice and its doctrinal context in early-medieval India. The commentary was written by the 8th-9th century Indian tantric scholar Vilasavajra, and the book contains a translation of the first five chapters. The translation is extensively annotated, and accompanied by introductions as well as a critical edition of the Sanskrit text based on eight Sanskrit manuscripts and two blockprint editions of the commentarys Tibetan translation. The commentary interprets its root text within an elaborate framework of tantric visualisation and meditation that is based on an expanded form of the Buddhist Yoga Tantra mandala, the Vajradhatu-mandala. At its heart is the figure of Manjusri, no longer the familiar bodhisattva of wisdom, but now the embodiment of the awakened non-dual gnosis that underlies all Buddhas as well their activity in the cosmos. The book contributes to our understanding of the history of Indian tantric Buddhism in a period of significant change and innovation. With its extensively annotated translation and lengthy introductions the book is designed to appeal not only to professional scholars and research students but also to contemporary Buddhists. **

Author: Mustafa Tuna File Type: pdf Imperial Russias Muslims offers an exploration of social and cultural change among the Muslim communities of Central Eurasia from the late eighteenth century through to the outbreak of the First World War. Drawing from a wealth of Russian and Turkic sources, Mustafa Tuna surveys the roles of Islam, social networks, state interventions, infrastructural changes and the globalization of European modernity in transforming imperial Russias oldest Muslim community the Volga-Ural Muslims. Shifting between local, imperial and transregional frameworks, Tuna reveals how the Russian state sought to manage Muslim communities, the ways in which both the state and Muslim society were transformed by European modernity, and the extent to which the long nineteenth century either fused Russias Muslims and the tsarist state or drew them apart. The book raises questions about imperial governance, diversity, minorities, and Islamic reform, and in doing so proposes a new theoretical model for the study of imperial situations.**ReviewIn Imperial Russias Muslims Islam, Empire, and European Modernity, 1788-1914, Mustafa Tuna provides us with a thorough discussion of the worlds of Muslims in central Russia, from the establishment of the first Imperial Muftiate by Catherine the Great in 1788 to roughly World War I. This well-written monograph is an attempt to rethink the complex situation of Muslims in a non-Muslim empire by introducing the concept of domains ... Vladimir Bobrovnikov, The American Historical Review Tunas book is a thought-provoking work and a valuable contribution to a vibrant field of studies of Russian Muslim societies, as well as a part of a growing appreciation for cross-regional phenomena in the study of empire. Elena I. Campbell, Slavic Review This well-written monograph provides us with a thorough discussion of the worlds of Muslims in Central Russia, from the establishment of the Imperial Muftiate by Catherine the Great in 1788 to roughly the First World War. Tunas book is an attempt at rethinking the complex situation of Muslims in a non-Muslim empire by introducing the concept of domains. Michael Kemper, Die Welt des Islams Book Description Investigates the entangled transformations of Russias Muslim communities from the late eighteenth century through to the First World War. Drawing from a wealth of Russian and Turkish sources, Mustafa Tuna surveys the transformation of Imperial Russias oldest Muslim community the Volga-Ural Muslims.

Author: François Laruelle File Type: pdf Francois Laruelle proposes a theory of identity rooted in scientific notions of symmetry and chaos, emancipating thought from the philosophical paradigm of Being and reconnecting it with the real world. Unlike most contemporary philosophers, Laruelle does not believe language, history, and the world shape identity but that identity determines our relation to these phenomena. Both critical and constructivist, Theory of Identities finds fault with contemporary philosophys reductive relation to science and its attachment to notions of singularity, difference, and multiplicity, which extends this crude approach. Laruelles new theory of science, its objects, and philosophy, introduces an original vocabulary to elaborate the concepts of determination, fractality, and artificial philosophy, among other ideas, grounded in an understanding of the renewal of identity. Laruelles work repairs the rift between philosophical and scientific inquiry and rehabilitates the concept of identity that continental philosophers have widely criticized. His argument positions him clearly against Deleuze, Badiou, the new materialists, and other thinkers who stray too far from empirical approaches that might revitalize philosophys practical applications. **Review Theory of Identities constitutes the most illustrative proof that non-philosophy is a synthesis of quantum theory and Marxism. It is a testimony of the dense complexity of Laruelles genius combining methodologically uncompromising scientific rigor and transgressiveness of a mystics glance into what most of us would choose to avert our eyes from the point where the comfort of neurosis ceases to exist, which is also the place where neurosis reestablishes itself. (Katarina Kolozova, author of Cut of the Real Subjectivity in Poststructuralist Philosophy) Aiming to provide a new practice of philosophy by engaging with scientific concepts in a philosophical way, Theory of Identities opens up a space for truly interdisciplinary projects to develop. Rather than paying mere lip service to interdisciplinarity, Laruelle practices it here in the midst of profound reflections on identity, science, and ethics. (Anthony Paul Smith, author of Francois Laruelles Principles of Non-Philosophy A Critical Introduction and Guide) This excellent translation of Theory of Identities will be invaluable to anyone who wants to understand Laruelles nonstandard epistemology. (John Mullarkey, coeditor of Laruelle and Non-Philosophy) About the Author Francois Laruelle is emeritus professor at the University of Paris Ouest, Nanterre La Defense (Paris X), and lectures at the College International de Philosophie. He is the author of more than twenty books, including Philosophies of Difference A Critical Introduction to Non-philosophy (2011) and Christo-Fiction The Ruins of Athens and Jerusalem (Columbia, 2015), and is the director of LOrganisation Non-Philosophique Internationale. Alyosha Edlebi is a translator and Ph.D. candidate at Yale University. He has published articles on Deleuze, Laruelle, Meillassoux, and Simondon in Deleuze Studies, Theory Culture & Society, Qui Parle, and Parrhesia.