In this video I explain stem-and-leaf displays or stemplots, which are part of exploratory data analysis developed by John W. Tukey. I explain the basic design of stem-and-leaf displays as well as several variations including back-to-back stem-and-leaf displays and stretched stem-and-leaf displays. I also discuss the role of rounding and cutting data when dealing with large numbers or decimals, and the usefulness of more complex stem-and-leaf displays for storing data. ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2wn4-Y9aU8
In this video I explain how to use the interquartile range in order to identify possible outliers in a data set. This can be done using the interquartile range times 1.5 for moderate outliers, or times 3 for extreme outliers. This distance then creates a boundary below the 25th percentile and a boundary above the 75th percentile, creating a range for acceptable data points and excluding scores below and above those boundaries from analyses.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ETv8-gwM0A
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In this video I explain the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Next I explain Thorndike's work with cats in puzzle boxes which led to his Law of Effect. This approach was greatly expanded by B.F. Skinner's work on operant conditioning which distinguished primary and secondary reinforcers, as well as positive and negative reinforcement and positive and negative punishment.
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Skinner photo from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._F._Skinner#/media/File:B.F._Skinner_at_Harvard_circa_1950.jpg
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uszdpFoALQk
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In this video I consider how we explain the causes of events and behaviors and whether we focus on disposition or situation. The Fundamental Attribution Error suggests that we have a tendency to focus on dispositional explanations and ignore situational factors. This was demonstrated in Ross, Amabile, & Steinmetz's 1977 study with quizmasters and contestants. The reasons for why we commit this fundamental attribution error include speed and ease, the actor-observer bias, and our culture's emphasis on self-reliance or fate. Lastly I describe how the just-world bias may also play a role, as we have a desire to believe that the world is a fair place. While a just world would be great, this assumption can lead us to blame victims and assume that people get what they deserve.
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Don’t forget to subscribe to the channel to see future videos! Have questions or topics you’d like to see covered in a future video? Let me know by commenting or sending me an email!
Need more explanation? Get volume 1 of my Master Introductory Psychology series here: http://amzn.to/2ENc44U
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3Tq6wvZUwM
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In this video I describe the 4 scales of measurement proposed by Stanley Smith Stevens, which have become the standard way of defining types of data. These include nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. I discuss the defining features of each, provide a few examples in psychological research, and mention the descriptive statistics that can be applied for each type. I also explain the distinction between continuous and discrete variables that can be used when discussing interval or ratio data. You can find the original 1946 paper by Stevens here: https://www.fpce.uc.pt/niips/novoplano/mip1/mip1_201314/scales/Stevens_1946.pdf
Summary slides for this video available here: https://psychexamreview.com/scales-of-measurement-or-types-of-data/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZ5LE9p0D7Y
This video covers 10 practice multiple choice questions on psychological disorders and includes questions related to diagnosis, symptom types, specific disorders, and more. I hope this can help you to review your knowledge and understanding, let me know if you have any suggestions for future practice and review videos!
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aaVGpiBuM5E
This video covers 10 practice multiple choice questions on developmental psychology and includes questions related to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, parenting styles, attachment, and more. I hope this can help you to review your knowledge and understanding, let me know if you have any suggestions for future practice and review videos!
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LnOHnCoBakU
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In this video I go into more detail on the retina, describing the two main types of photoreceptors (rods and cones) and how they operate in different levels of light. Next I describe the composition of receptive fields and how retinal ganglion cells communicate differing patterns of light on the receptive fields. Finally I explain lateral inhibition and how it relates to the illusion caused by Mach Bands, which demonstrates that we don't actually see the "real" levels of light in the world but rather an exaggerated version which emphasizes contrast.
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Don’t forget to subscribe to the channel to see future videos! Have questions or topics you’d like to see covered in a future video? Let me know by commenting or sending me an email!
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Enable closed-captioning or find a full transcript of this video here: http://www.psychexamreview.com/photoreceptors-receptive-fields-and-lateral-inhibition/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4RHUsLKIM0
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In this video I consider why we're attracted to people and some of the factors that influence the relationships that we form. One major contributor is proximity, which refers to the fact that we tend to form relationships with people who are physically close to us; classmates, neighbors, & co-workers. Proximity alone isn't enough and propinquity refers to the additional need to actually encounter these people. Frequent contact also relates to the mere-exposure effect, in which familiarity breeds liking. Lastly I describe homogamy, which refers to the fact that couples tend to have similar views and they also tend to grow more similar over time.
Like these videos? Consider supporting Psych Exam Review on Patreon: www.patreon.com/PsychExamReview
Don’t forget to subscribe to the channel to see future videos! Have questions or topics you’d like to see covered in a future video? Let me know by commenting or sending me an email!
Need more explanation? Get volume 1 of my Master Introductory Psychology series here: http://amzn.to/2ENc44U
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pTDZybrrdZ0
Why students and teachers should prioritize the lower levels of Bloom's Taxonomy, not the higher skills @PsychExamReview
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bdx0tnLSH7E