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Generally speaking, the best trees are found at higher mountain elevations of over 1000 meters, typically on northern exposures where nutrient-poor soil and a cool climate promote a short growing season. The wood should have no more than 8 growth rings per inch, with steady, even growth, and needs to be free of knots, twist, and rot.  In other words, suitable logs come from old, slow growing, but healthy trees. Some of the most promising places are dense stands on north facing slopes and ravines in difficult to reach places. Trees in these areas are protected from the wind so are more likely to grow straight, and are difficult to access for logging so are more likely to grow large. The trees need to be grown in dense stands in order to keep their growth slow and to reduce branching and wind damage. Because of their rarity, trees with these characteristics are very valuable.  Historically, luthiers* built  classical guitars almost exclusively from spruce tops for centuries. Torres, Esteso, Bouchet, Hauser, Fleta, Friederich, and virtually every other luthier of historical significance from the 19th and 20th centuries-built guitars using spruce for the tops.  The widespread use of cedar tone wood for classical guitar tops began recently, having its major “boom” in the mid 1960’s when Segovia became famous player and showed his cedar top Ramirez guitar all over the world. Also, getting good quality spruce (especially Alpine spruce) became increasingly difficult, so more and more luthiers turned to readily available cedar. As a rule, the sound difference between the cedar and spruce top is that the latter is much brighter. It has a sweet sound, but a much brighter, sharper sound. Meanwhile, the cedar top guitar has a deeper, rounder sound, which is also sweet but has a different nuance. Cedar is a softwood, which means it’s not as strong as spruce. It’s also more porous, so it doesn’t hold finish as well. However, these qualities give cedar a warmer sound than spruce. Cedar tops are usually found on classical guitars, although they’re sometimes used on steel-string acoustic guitars as well. Cedar is a wood that from the beginning will give you almost all the sound that it will keep for life. Spruce, on the other hand, is a much harder wood. It’s also less porous, so it can be polished to a high shine. Spruce tops are the most common type of top used on steel-string acoustic guitars as well as classical guitars. Spruce takes longer to evolve and needs more time to reach the sound that it will reach its fullness. The great thing about spruce is that it ages beautifully, like fine wine (or whisky). As the top stiffens and dries with age, the sound of a spruce top guitar will slowly evolve and mature.    While the same can be said of cedar top guitars (but to less extent), there is something magically charming about the way in which a spruce top changes color over time, and how the sound produced by the instrument can reflect its age. It is believed that the sonic changes that will occur over time with a spruce top are more dramatic than those with a cedar top, so this is an attractive feature for any guitarist who wants a guitar whose sound will essentially “grow and mature” with them.  Generally, new spruce top guitar needs around 2 years of intense playing to show most of its potential. Cedar gives what it has right away – interesting feature in modern, fast-paced times. Keep in mind that in general there are many more complaints from owners of cedar guitars than from owners of spruce guitars, because most cedar wood over time no longer performs as it did at the beginning. Cedar qualitatively performs less over time unlike spruce. Spruce persists and improves over time. Rest assured that cedar doesn't get better. *** *A luthier is a craftsperson who builds or repairs string instruments that have a neck and a sound box. The word luthier is originally French and comes from the French word for lute. The term was originally used for makers of lutes, but it came to be used in French for makers of most bowed and plucked stringed instruments such as members of the violin family (including violas, cellos, and double basses) and guitars. Luthiers, however, do not make harps or pianos; these require different skills and construction methods because their strings are secured to a frame.