Occurrence, Cultivation, and Chemistry of Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata PDF
**The Occurrence, Cultivation, and Chemistry of Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata, a new Bluing Species (Agaricales) from Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia** By Allen, John W., Gartz, Joc
Cultivation and analysis of Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata, a new bluing species from Ohio and Bethany West Virginia is presented. Cultivation of this species was demonstrated on hardwood substrate. Analysis of both caps and stems revealed the presence of psilocybin, in most cases psilocin and always low concentrations of baeocystin. Psilocybin, psilocin and baeocystin levels varied in the bluing caps and stems of this new species. The highest concentrations of these alkaloids were found in both naturally grown and cultivated fruiting bodies of Psilocybe ovideocystidiata which, at the present moment is an indigenous species found in Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia.. The relative alkaloidal content of psilocybin, psilocin and baeocystin found in Psilocybe ovoideocystidiata from Ohio was similar to that measured in Psilocybe caerulipes by Leung et al. Recent comparative chemical analysis of both species was unable to be performed due to a denial of specimens through the University of Michigan’s herbarium.
Mushrooms, Mycology of Consciousness - Paul Stamets EcoFarm Conference Keynote 2017
"The bear instinctively scratches the tree, Mycelium comes out of the tree and grows mushrooms, the native bees are attracted to the mycelium and benefit from it's P-coumaric acid and live better, the bees naturally want to stay around this source of nutrients so they build nests near by, the bees produce honey inside the nests, the bear eats honey from the nest. Mycofactor 1: The bear knows that by scratching the tree he will eat honey eventually. The fungi used Pavlovian psychology on the bear for the betterment of the entire ecosystem"
Mushroom Growers Handbook Oyster Cultivation
Published: 2004 / 272 pages
Mushroom Growers’ Handbook is published to provide more accessible information on mushroom cultivation for people in developing countries. It will be distributed to growers, scientists, extension workers and governmental officials in developing countries free of charge. Following Oyster Mushroom Cultivation, the topic of this first book, cultivation of other mushrooms will be explored one by one in the following books to be
published each year. Through this Mushroom Growers’ Handbook, MushWorld hopes to reach more mushroom growers in developing countries and offer practical guides to mushroom cultivation for poverty alleviation.
Other file formats available from the [internet archive](https://archive.org/details/MushroomGrowersHandbook1OysterCultivation/mode/2up)
**Treasures from the forest: Evaluation of mushroom extracts as anti-cancer agents**
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy Volume 143, November 2021
**A B S T R A C T**
Mushrooms provide a reliable source of bioactive compounds and have numerous nutritional values, which is one of the reasons why they are widely used for culinary purposes. They may also be a remedy for several medical conditions, including cancer diseases. Given the constantly increasing number of cancer incidents, the great anticancer potential of mushrooms has unsurprisingly become an object of interest to researchers. Therefore, this review aimed to collect and summarize all the available scientific data on the anti-cancer activity of mushroom extracts. Our research showed that mushroom extracts from 92 species, prepared using 12 different solvents, could reduce the viability of 38 various cancers. Additionally, we evaluated different experimental models: in vitro (cell model), in vivo (mice and rat model, case studies and randomized controlled trials), and insilico. Breast cancer proved to be sensitive to the highest number of mushroom extracts. The curative mechanisms of the studied mushrooms consisted in: inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, unregulated proportion of cells in cell cycle phases, induction of autophagy and phagocytosis, improved response of the immune system, and in duction of apoptotic death of cells via upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors and downregulation of anti-apoptotic genes. The processes mainly involved the expression of caspases -3, -8, -9, AKT, p27, p53, BAX, and BCL2. The quoted results could lead to the classification of mushrooms as nutraceuticals used to prevent a variety of dis orders or to support treatment of cancer diseases
Ps. cubensis GWM(Great White Monster) has been mix and mislabeled by vendors over the years with Albino A+. This was an attempt to resurrect it from 2009 genetic before any vendor grabbed hold. Spores would not germinate on Agar alone so resulted to making unorthodox heavy LC’s. GWM vs AA+ debate aside, these leucistic genetics are capable of producing some monster fruits.
Fungal Biology Series: Molecular Markers in Mycology
Fungal Biology
ISBN 978-3-319-34106-4
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-34106-4
The Kingdom fungi encompass a massive diversity of taxa with wide-ranging ecologies, life cycles, and morphologies ranging from unicellular aquatic chytrids to large mushrooms. Before molecular methods came in existence, taxonomists considered this Kingdom to be a member of the plant kingdom due to certain life styles like immobility and growth habitats. Molecular markers (also known as DNA markers), facilitated a better alternative method over traditional morphological methods, employed for the identification, characterization, and to understand the evolution of fungi. The morphological methods used for identification are mainly dependent on spore color or microscopic features whereas molecular markers are based on DNA polymorphism in the genomic organization. Phylogenetic studies reported in last decade, based on molecular markers, have reshaped the classification system of Kingdom fungi, which divided into one subkingdom, seven phyla, and ten subphyla. Recent advances in molecular mycology have opened the way for researchers to identify and characterize novel fungal species from unique environments. Mycology is concerned with the systematic study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their use to humans as a source of medicine and food, as well as their dangers, such as poisoning and infections. In the 21st century with the development of DNA sequencing technologies and phylogenetic analysis based on molecular markers, new insights into fungal taxonomy were provided. This book contains a thorough discussion of molecular characterization and detection of different groups of fungi by using PCR-based markers and provides a comprehensive view of the applications and uses of different molecular markers in molecular mycology. It also addresses the recent molecular markers employed to solve the problems of identification and discus
**MUSHROOMS**
Cultivation, Nutritional Value, Medicinal Effect, and Environmental Impact SECOND EDITION
SHU-TING CHANG
Department of Biology
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
PHILIP G. MILES
Biological Sciences Department
State University of New York at Buffalo
**Acknowledgments**
From the early planning stages to the final writing, we have received invaluable suggestions and
meticulous editorial assistance from Eleanor A. Miles. For preparation of the final version of the
manuscript and for her constant encouragement, the authors are also extremely grateful. Throughout
the entire endeavor, Curtis Miles generously provided the authors with her computer expertise in
preparation of all tables and solving all technical problems associated with the preparation of the
manuscript. In addition, she assumed major responsibility for draft preparation when illnesses
prevented P.G.M. and E.A.M. from devoting sufficient time to the project. We also thank Patrick
Mok of the Chinese University of Hong Kong for his assistance in typing a working copy of an
early manuscript, among numerous other services. Important research assistance was received from
University at Buffalo, State University of New York students Phillip Barber, Steven Marshall, and
Bud Miles. We are deeply indebted to Professor Wei-Li Lee who generously contributed financial assistance
to P.G.M., which was so helpful in providing funds toward preparation expenses and research for
the book. We extend our wholehearted appreciation and gratitude to senior editor John Sulzycki, project
coordinator Pat Roberson, project editor Christine Andreasen, typesetter Pamela Morrell, proof-
reader Steve Menke, and cover designer Elise Weinger of CRC Press, who have been very supportive
and extremely valuable in bringing this book to fruition.
The mycelial growth rates in linear growth assays, yield, and mushroom productivity of Hericium erinaceus were evaluated in a substrate containing sunflower seed hulls as the main energy and nutritional component, with the addition of different levels of Mn(II) and/or NH4+. The mycelial growth rate in substrates possessing different sunflower seed hull sizes with or without the addition of wheat bran showed that, irrespective of the presence of wheat bran, higher mycelial growth rate was observed with the larger sunflower seed hull size (as disposed of by the regional oil-seed factory without additional process). Adding growth-limiting mineral nutrients such as Mn(II) (20 or 100 ppm) and/or NH4+ (200 or 500 ppm) increased the mycelial growth rate by 8%−16%. The first flush occurred at day 10 and the second at day 30, with a production cycle duration of 55 days starting from inoculation. No statistical differences were detected between accumulated biological efficiencies coming from different substrate formulations with the addition of wheat bran, barley straw, or poplar sawdust compared to the sunflower seed hull control, but a tendency for higher yield was observed for the substrate supplemented with 20 ppm Mn and 200 ppm NH4+. Sunflower seed hulls without supplementation constitute a very good basal substrate, so this substrate by itself constitutes a very good source of energy and nutrition for H. erinaceus growth and development.
The following data was created by Hyphae Labs and represents our current R&D processes; it is thanks to the
support of the community we are able to bring this data, for public benefit, forward. From this we hope to engage
in conversations around testing and growth!
**OVERVIEW**
Certified Reference Material (CRM) of Norbaeocystin (NRB), Baeocystin (BAO), Psilocybin (PCB), Norpsilocin
(NPC) and Psilocin (PCN) were used for comparative analysis. There may be other tryptamines not identified or
listed here that are not detectable by our current methodology. The detected values are labeled as the ranges for
the CRM due to this. The samples are listed in order received, followed by tryptamine ranges mg/g following the
aforementioned order. The data falls in alignment with previous high percent dry weight observed for PCB (up to
15.1mg/g)*. The expected ‘threshold dose’ for recreational use is about 25-30mg of PCB for a 70kg person**.
Reported values are in milligrams per gram (mg/g) and are calculated from R2 Analysis of CRM standard curves.
Statistical analysis of the curves showed large F-statistics and a low Probability (<0.01) of non-linearity according
to an Ordinary Least Squares Linear Regression analysis.
**Cultivation of Culinary-Medicinal Lion's Mane Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. (Aphyllophoromycetideae) on Substrate Containing Sunflower Seed Hulls**
Article in International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms · January 2007
DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v9.i1.80
**ABSTRACT:** The mycelial growth rates in linear growth assays, yield, and mushroom productivity of Hericium erinaceus were evaluated in a substrate containing sunflower seed hulls as the main energy and nutritional component, with the addition of different levels of Mn(II) and/or NH/. The mycelial growth rate in substrates possessing different sunflower seed hull sizes with or without the addition of wheat bran showed that, irrespective of the presence of wheat bran, higher mycelial growth rate was observed with the larger sunflower seed hull size (as disposed of by the regional oil-seed factory without additional process). Adding growth-limiting mineral nutrients such as Mn(II) (20 or 100 ppm) and/or NH4+(200 or 500 ppm) increased the mycelial growth rate by 8%-16%. The first flush occurred at day 10 and the second at day 30, with a production cycle duration of 55 days starting from inoculation. No statistical differences were detected between accumulated biological efficiencies coming from different substrate formulations with the addition of wheat bran, barley straw, or poplar sawdust compared to the sunflower seed hull control, but a tendency for higher yield was observed for the substrate supplemented with 20 ppm Mn and 200 ppm NH/. Sunflower seed hulls without supplementation constitute a very good basal substrate, so this substrate by itself constitutes a very good source of energy and nutrition for H. erinaceus growth and development.