Glassware generously provided by http://www.alchemylabsupply.com/ Use the discount code "nurdrage" for a 5% discount. In this video we demonstrate the Soxhlet extractor. Donate to NurdRage! Through Patreon (preferred): https://www.patreon.com/NurdRage ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qiRBLfezuxs

In this video we make a tinning solution for printed circuit boards. Tinning solutions coat copper metal with a thin layer of tin. This is used to protect them from oxidation as well as make them somewhat easier to solder. To make the solution we first get 1g of lead-free tin solder containing 95% or more of tin metal. Check the MSDS to be sure. Now to the solder we add 10mL of 30% hydrochloric acid. What we're making is tin chloride. The solution will bubble hydrogen as the tin dissolves. Leave it overnight and pour off the clear supernatant into 100mL of commercial metal polish that contains thiourea. I used "Tarn-X" brand for my experiments. You can also buy thiourea directly and use 5g per 100mL of water directly along with 1g of sulfuric acid. Anyway, however you obtain your thiourea solution, the added tin chloride will make it into a tinning solution. Now just add in copper metal like that of a PCB and a thin layer of tin will coat it. What's happening is that normally Tin chloride does not displace copper metal so you can't make tinning solution from just tin chloride. One perspective is that Tin has a lower redox potential than copper so it would actually consume energy to displace copper. ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hsw3lOnHaas

A full two liters of glow fluid, about as much as you would find in 100 medium sized glow sticks. Imagine going to a rave and glowsticking with a couple of these! Not the world's biggest single glow stick, but still awesome. We made this using all the same chemicals in our previous glow stick making video just scaled up by a factor of 100. The link is here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kH19EIf5GtE ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUCdGMeTveM

Glassware generously provided by http://www.alchemylabsupply.com/ Use the discount code "copper" for a 5% discount. In this video we recover the copper from spent ferric chloride PCB etchant. First the etchant is filtered to remove any insoluble particles. Then excess copper metal is added to fully react any remaining ferric chloride and cupric chloride to form ferrous chloride and cuprous chloride, also known as iron (II) chloride and copper (I) chloride respectively. The mixture is distilled to remove the remaining hydrochloric acid. Once dry, water is added back in to dissolve the iron (II) chloride but not the insoluble copper (I) chloride. The solution is filtered and any remaining pieces of copper metal are manually removed. The copper (I) chloride can be converted to copper metal by following the procedure in the recycle copper chloride etchant video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FjEoRidvgYE The iron (II) chloride filtrate is boiled to remove the water and the hydrochloric acid that was originally distilled off is added back in. Air is bubbled into the solution to convert the iron (II) chloride in iron (III) chloride which is ferric chloride. ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CY2T3orVuFU