Operation Ivy was the first test of a "hydrogen" bomb. The Mike shot wasn't an actual weapon, but more of a "science project". The Mike device used liquid deuterium and tritium as the fusion fuel, which required a huge refrigeration plant to keep the fuel in a liquid state. As one of the scientists later wrote, it was not deliverable as a weapon unless it went by oxcart. The King shot was another test of a "boosted" fission weapon, meant to be used as an "interim" weapon in the stockpile until a deliverable fusion device could be produced. An actual thermonuclear weapon would not be available until after the Castle tests, where a thermonuclear device using a "dry" fusion fuel would be successfully tested.
Normally I wouldn't charge for public domain footage, but this is a huge file taking up space i could use for something else. This is 12 hours of raw footage of Operation Crossroads 1946, and contains footage not seen in the other documentary films. This footage is silent.
This film details the results of communication system tests done during high altitude nuclear bursts in the Pacific. This research was primarily concerned with the changes to the critical frequency (fc) in the E and F layers of the ionosphere, which enable long range communications in the HF (3-30Mhz) radio spectrum. Changes in the critical frequency can block long range radio communication on some parts of the spectrum, while opening up communication in other parts of the spectrum. Such effects can last for several hours after a nuclear burst, and could be put to use for a significant tactical advantage. Modern military HF communication systems poll stations on the network, and if a portion of spectrum becomes unusable, while a different part of spectrum opens up, the system automatically reconfigures for this change.
This film covers the phenomena of high altitude nuclear bursts. The high altitude research was important for a few different reasons:
a) High altitude weapons were being developed to destroy incoming ballistic missile warheads
b) Research was needed on whether the ionosphere could be artificially charged with high energy particles
that could neutralize incoming ballistic missile warheads.
c) Very little was known of how nuclear bursts affected radio communications and radar systems
d) There was very limited information available about the actual "mechanics" of the ionosphere and it's
interaction with the earth's magnetic field.
e) Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) effects had been noticed on earlier nuclear tests, but very little was known
about how EMP was generated, and how to maximize it's effects.
There were several specialized tests done to answer questions about the ionospheric effects of nuclear bursts:
Operation Hardtack High Altitude series in 1958
Operation Argus in 1958
Operation Dominic Fishbowl series in 1962
During Operation Hardtack and Operation Dominic, EMP effects were noted in Hawaii (700-800 miles from the tests), with electric system, alarm systems, automobile ignition, and communication system failures.
This is the fourth film from Operation Hardtack. This film is silent, apparently everything said in the script remains classified. Two of the tests (Hamilton and Humboldt) were fired at the Nevada Test Site, and were tests of the Davy Crockett warhead. This appears to be primarily tests of the effectiveness of armored vehicles and various types of foxholes to protect troops from the effects of tactical nuclear weapons (such as the "Davy Crockett" battlefield warhead which had a yield between 10 and 20T). Since so much time in the film seems to concentrate on radiation effects, it seems that gamma rays, prompt neutrons, and local fallout are the most important effects near ground zero, rather than blast and heat. A film about the Davy Crockett launcher, and it's battlefield usage is being posted as part of the @coldwarrior nuclear test archive under the title "Davy Crockett Tactical Launcher 1962"
Operation Dominic 1962 Air Force Participation. The Air Force's role in the 1962 Operation Dominic test series. This film covers some of the support, diagnostic, and weapon delivery duties of the Air Force during the last atmospheric nuclear tests ever conducted by the USA. Operation Dominic encompassed 36 tests including 29 airdrops, 1 Polaris test, 1 ASROC test, and 5 high altitude missile bursts. Since most of the tests were over the open ocean (off Christmas and Johnston islands), most of the diagnostic test apparatus was carried aboard aircraft. The detonation altitudes on the airdrops were all above 2,000 ft, which greatly reduced the fallout from the tests, since there was no irradiated soil or seawater present in the mushroom cloud.
Operation Dominic was the last atmospheric test series by the United States before the Limited Test Ban Treaty (which banned atmospheric, underwater, and space testing of nuclear weapons). In 1961, Russia broke the 1958 moratorium on testing (which was essentially a voluntary moratorium) with a new test series which included the testing of a 50 Megaton prototype of a 100 Megaton thermonuclear bomb. The device used in the 50 Megaton test was not a practical weapon, as it's physical size required special modification of the delivery aircraft, and the weight of the bomb was close to the design limits of the plane. In response to Russia's resuming tests, the United States planned Operation Dominic. Operation Dominic had several test phases, airdrop tests for weapons development at Christmas Island, two tests by the U.S. Navy of operational weapon systems (the Polaris SLBM, and the ASROC antisubmarine missile), and Fishbowl, a series of high altitude tests to study ballistic warhead kill mechanisms and ionospheric/electromagnetic effects (with some weapon development airdrops added at Johnstom Island). Ironically, two of the Fishbowl tests were conducted during the Cuban Missile Crisis, with the Checkmate shot on October 20th, and the Bluegill Triple Prime test on October 26th.
Operation Greenhouse tested a theory about fusion, and also tested a "boosted" fission device. The George shot tested a mixture of liquid deuterium and tritium, and measured the high energy neutrons from the fusion reaction in an effort to find out if a fusion reaction could be sustained long enough for use in a thermonuclear device. The diagnostic equipment detected a fusion reaction, but the fusion was not intended to contribute to the device yield. Another device tested in the Greenhouse series was a "boosted" fission device, where a small fusion reaction created enough excess neutrons to boost the efficiency of the fission reaction, and use the plutonium or uranium more efficiently, resulting in higher explosive yield.