Science news from a "critical rational" perspective. No "believing" in explanations here, no time for instrumentalism and a focus on good explanations of the evidence.
Introduction (epistemology in science): 00:00
Dark Matter: 04:32
Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND): 08:12
Statistical confidence in physics: 15:23
Instrumentalism in modern physics: 19:00
Fusion Power 'News': 22:09
"Spinoffs" from fusion research: 24:56
Advice for investors in pure science: 28:26
James Webb Space Telescope latest: 31:59
Concluding Remarks: 37:42
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZp8KnxYsVw
This is the final "The Beginning of Infinity" episode. There are many ways in which it could also be the first episode too, as I begin with a long introduction about the significance of the book. But this is largely a personal reflection - so for those who have not read the book it may seem "arrogant" or self serving in some ways.
Here is a time-stamped summary of the contents of this episode:
00:00 “The Horizon”: An introduction to “The Beginning of Infinity”
03:10 The Beginning. A throwback.
04:20 The point of all this.
06:15 Comments on Ricky Gervais and Sam Harris “Absolutely Mental” podcast and related themes
09:30 A place for religion and people.
16:00 A central message of BoI
16:45 Books that inform a worldview: including "The Fabric of Reality" by David Deutsch and "The End of Faith" by Sam Harris
22:30 Some criteria for understanding
27:40 Competing “epistemologies”.
31:20 Some comments on Ayn Rand’s philosophy
32:30 The “knowledge density” of "The Beginning of Infinity"
38:20 Critical thinking
43:15 Common Sense Realism
47:30 The end of the introduction
48:00 Reading Part 1
49:05 My reflections on historian Roy Porter and the competing Enlightenments
56:45 Reading Part 2
57:00 Prophesies and Predictions.
59:15 Reading Part 3
59:30 "Popperian Provisos"
1:00:35 Reading Part 4
1:00:51 The infinite potential of explanatory knowledge
1:01:40 Reading Part 5
1:04:10 Physical reality and laws of physics
1:05:15 Reading Part 6
1:05:30 Simulations vs recordings of people
1:06:35 Reading Part 7
1:08:00 Misunderstandings of Explanatory Universality
1:10:00 The Final Reading
1:11:00 The Beginning. A Throwback Part 2
1:12:30 Extended credits.
Music: "Double Slit Test" by Ketsa: https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Ketsa/The_Double_Slit_Test/Double_Slit_Test
Made for Mum & Jem.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-MrIkv35vQQ
This is part of my series on Chiara Marletto's groundbreaking book on Constructor Theory "The Science of Can and Can't". In this episode, I do not read from the book but set the scene for newcomers who may not have a physics/engineering/chemistry or perhaps the scientific background to be familiar with some of the concepts introduced in the next chapter from that book. Chapter 6 is called "Work and Heat" and Chiara (along with David Deutsch) are working on a "Constructor Theoretic" approach to thermodynamics: which is a first. I thought it instructive to first look at where we have come from: what the understandings are at the moment with all this, what the history has been and therefore set the scene for what Constructor Theory adds which is new. In this episode I cover the basics (but subtleties!) of the 4 laws of thermodynamics, heat engines, temperature, heat, work, energy, degraded energy and entropy along with some remarks about the philosophy and pedagogy of it all. Readings from physical chemist Peter Atkin's and physicist Paul Davies older and more recent books are made so we get an understanding of the significance many place on this area of physics elevating it to a position alongside quantum theory and general relativity as an essential component of a complete worldview for understanding physical reality as of this moment.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEUF3QGg-nw
Or "debunking Ayn Rand's epistemology".
Here I read from Rand's work "Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology" and reflect upon it by comparing it to actual epistemology (how knowledge is created). We explain the misconceptions in the view that knowledge is all about the goings on in minds and how Rand's epistemology is root-and-branch subjectivist. Ayn Rand is an excellent defender of free trade and capitalism, the inherent value of people: her ideas are pro-human and broadly optimistic. However the epistemology is fundamentally flawed containing pure speculation about how people learn (so-called "concept formation") and disconnected from problems in (for example) science and where knowledge is being constructed. Her examples are highly abstract rather than being based in the concrete reality of the history of ideas and for this reasons she reaches the same conclusions as almost all other philosophers on this topic. Namely that knowledge is derived from reality through our senses (empiricism) and is induced by noticing similarities between objects. This is not explanatory, it is not insightful and it is demonstrably false - as I explain.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlKuvXnxfWE
This chapter continues the themes from Chapter 4 as well as my episode all about probability, risk and Bayesianism found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOK5aiASmKM which is an exploration of another talk given by David Deutsch on the nature of probability given what we know about physics. So this chapter of Pinker's book Rationality - being centrally concerned about the use of what is called "Bayesian Reasoning" is compared in this episode to alternative explanations of what rationality and reason amount to. More than previous episodes so far that I have published on the book "Rationality" this one is very much a critique. There is much to recommend the book "Rationality" for two reasons (1) it does summarise and explain some common misconceptions about how to reason or common mistakes people make when reasoning - and these are worth knowing (2) it works as an excellent summary of the prevailing intellectual/academic perspective on these matters for people who are interested in what the truth of the matter is. Knowing what "academic experts" think about this stuff means knowing what gets taught and what filters eventually into culture itself via the "top down" education system we presently have. All that is worth knowing. But here, in this chapter, we encounter the fundamental clash of epistemological worldviews: the mainstream intellectual *prescription* of what they think should be the way people think as against Karl Popper's *description* of the reality as to how knowledge is generated and progress made through incremental identification of errors and their correction. Have fun listening!
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_oAgapkAYA
This is the complete and unabridged discussion I had with David Deutsch largely about "The Beginning of Infinity". It contains all my "Questions for David" - which were published separately - AND much more content too.
00:00 Introduction
12:51 Why aren’t testable theories enough?
14:37 Predictions vs Explanations
18:33 Verisimilitude
23:54 Are people a “chemical scum”?
25:43 The Earth is uniquely suited to life?
30:22 What does “provable” mean?
33:44 Undecidability
37:45 Classifying abstractions
41:29 The nature of physical laws.
47:06 Direct Observation
50:29 The nature of mind
55:40 The Supernatural
59:52 Epistemology and Morality
01:02:00 The physical limitations of knowledge?
01:09:24 Some history of quantum computation
01:16:44 Tic Tacs, UFOs and aliens
01:19:01 Dark Energy
Support the podcast by following the links to Patreon or Paypal here: www.bretthall.org
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pAgz8iVC44