101406
Author: Douglas A. Irwin
File Type: pdf
The Smoot-Hawley tariff of 1930, which raised U.S. duties on hundreds of imported goods to record levels, is Americas most infamous trade law. It is often associated with--and sometimes blamed for--the onset of the Great Depression, the collapse of world trade, and the global spread of protectionism in the 1930s. Even today, the ghosts of congressmen Reed Smoot and Willis Hawley haunt anyone arguing for higher trade barriers almost single-handedly, they made protectionism an insult rather than a compliment. In Peddling Protectionism, Douglas Irwin provides the first comprehensive history of the causes and effects of this notorious measure, explaining why it largely deserves its reputation for combining bad politics and bad economics and harming the U.S. and world economies during the Depression. In four brief, clear chapters, Irwin presents an authoritative account of the politics behind Smoot-Hawley, its economic consequences, the foreign reaction it provoked, and its aftermath and legacy. Starting as a Republican ploy to win the farm vote in the 1928 election by increasing duties on agricultural imports, the tariff quickly grew into a logrolling, pork barrel free-for-all in which duties were increased all around, regardless of the interests of consumers and exporters. After Herbert Hoover signed the bill, U.S. imports fell sharply and other countries retaliated by increasing tariffs on American goods, leading U.S. exports to shrivel as well. While Smoot-Hawley was hardly responsible for the Great Depression, Irwin argues, it contributed to a decline in world trade and provoked discrimination against U.S. exports that lasted decades. Featuring a new preface by the author, Peddling Protectionism tells a fascinating story filled with valuable lessons for trade policy today. **Review Peddling Protectionism admirably conveys the context of the events its describes, surveying Americas domestic politics in the late 1920s and providing a vivid account of the foreign retaliation that the tariff called forth. Here is a model of economic tract. Lavishly illustrated with political cartoons, it contains but one algebraic equation, and that probably unavoidable. ---James Grant, *Wall Street Journal* In his new book, Douglas A. Irwin tells the fascinating story of how Congress stubbornly passed a bill that, as opponents noted at the time, was truly doomed to fail. ---Roger Lowenstein, *New Republics The Book* [Irwins] account of how the act came about is at once a thorough study and a breezy read. The often overblown rhetoric that Smoot-Hawley has inspired, seemingly from the start, also means that the book is often surprisingly amusing. . . . Mr. Irwins description of how an attempt to prop up Americas agricultural sector metastasised into a law that raised nearly 1,000 import tariffs, mostly on manufacturing products, is fascinating. ( Economist ) Peddling Protectionism, by the economist and historian Douglas Irwin, is a vivid, anecdotal, judicious telling of timeless story what happens when cocksure politicians fall into the grip of a really bad economic idea. ---Christopher Caldwell, *Financial Times* In Peddling Protectionism, a short, clear and graceful book, in which maps, photographs and cartoons complement the handful of tables and graphs, Irwin makes a surprisingly lively story of the tradition of tariff revisions in the United States, the domestic politics that produced the Smoot-Hawley statute, in particular the various retaliatory measures that ensued. . . . [I]f only economists could write more books like it about other controversies! ---David Warsh, *Economic Principals* In his wonderful new book Peddling Protectionism, Dartmouth College economist and historian Douglas A. Irwin warns that congress, left on its own to fashion trade policy, will quickly be captured by special interests. ---Daniel Griswold, *Washington Times* Irwins encyclopedic knowledge of the literature on Smoot-Hawley will make this the standard work on the subject for many years to come. . . . The memory of Smoot-Hawley and its link to the Great Depression is one of the few things that keeps protectionism in check. For this reason, Peddling Protectionism deserves a wide readership. ( Fiscal Times ) [P]ersuasive. ---Arnold Kling, *Econlog* The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, named after two congressmen who sponsored it, raised U.S. duties on thousands of imported goods. Its ramifications on world trade reverberated for decades. In this comprehensive history, Irwin examines the political wrangling that caused the yearlong delay in its passage. ( Library Journal ) A rarity among books of its ilk, Peddling Protectionism is a stellar read both as a historical narrative and an economic text. As mundane as the issues at hand might sound--think of Ben Steins famous monotonic lecture about Smoot-Hawley in Ferris Buellers Day Off--Irwin makes them comprehensible and even enjoyable to consider, peppering his text with anecdotes and contemporary political cartoons as he unpacks the economic context that led to the acts passage. ---Asa Fitch, *The National* From the Inside Flap An astute and well-told account of a law more often invoked than understood, Irwins examination of the Smoot-Hawley Act explains how--for good or ill--Congress lost its credibility as a maker of trade law. A valuable book for anyone who wants to understand the Great Depression and whether it could come back. --Eric Rauchway, author of Blessed Among Nations and *The Great Depression and the New Deal A Very Short Introduction Douglas Irwins elegant and sophisticated account of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff clears up some powerful and persistent myths. As Irwin shows, the tariff didnt begin with congressional logrolling (though that contributed substantially to the eventual outcome), it didnt cause the stock market panic of October 1929, and it didnt cause the Great Depression (but neither did it counteract deflation from abroad as some Keynesians and monetarists have claimed). And many of the books details are fascinating and even bizarrely amusing. *--Harold James, Princeton University Economists and economic historians have closely examined the Smoot-Hawley Tariff over the past few decades, but no one before Douglas Irwin has pulled together such a wide-ranging body of evidence to give us a solid and detailed understanding of the passage and impact of the bill. Understanding the Great Depression has become even more important since the global financial crisis, and that makes this book very timely. Brief, accessible, and clear, Peddling Protectionism should appeal to a wide range of readers. --Robert Whaples, Wake Forest University It would not surprise me if this became the definitive economic history of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff. Synthesizing and fleshing out the best research and nicely connecting economics and politics, Peddling Protectionism provides a fuller accounting of, and a deeper perspective on, what is arguably the best-known U.S. tariff of the twentieth century. --Kris Mitchener, Leavey School of Business, Santa Clara University**
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