Author: Shaun Gallagher File Type: pdf Enactivist Interventions is an interdisciplinary work that explores how theories of embodied cognition illuminate many aspects of the mind, including intentionality, representation, the affect, perception, action and free will, higher-order cognition, and intersubjectivity. Gallagher argues for a rethinking of the concept of mind, drawing on pragmatism, phenomenology and cognitive science. Enactivism is presented as a philosophy of nature that has significant methodological and theoretical implications for the scientific investigation of the mind. Gallagher argues that, like the basic phenomena of perception and action, sophisticated cognitive phenomena like reflection, imagining, and mathematical reasoning are best explained in terms of an affordance-based skilled coping. He offers an account of the continuity that runs between basic action, affectivity, and a rationality that in every case remains embodied. Gallaghers analysis also addresses recent predictive models of brain function and outlines an alternative, enactivist interpretation that emphasizes the close coupling of brain, body and environment rather than a strong boundary that isolates the brain in its internal processes. The extensive relational dynamics that integrates the brain with the extra-neural body opens into an environment that is physical, social and cultural and that recycles back into the enactive process. Cognitive processes are in-the-world rather than in-the-head they are situated in affordance spaces defined across evolutionary, developmental and individual histories, and are constrained by affective processes and normative dimensions of social and cultural practices. **
Author: Jongseok Woo
File Type: pdf
Political Corruption and Democratic Governance explores the effects of political corruption on important aspects of democratic governing. Jongseok Woo and Eunjung Choi use a cross-national lens to analyze how political corruption influences different areas of politics and economics, including electoral outcomes, citizens evaluations of democratic norms and values, economic development, distributional justice, and social and political trust in both developed and developing nations. While most works on political corruption focus on the causes of corruption, this book delves into various consequences of it. The discussion in each chapter engages both theoretical and empirical components of political corruption, introducing competing theoretical arguments on a given topic and puts them under rigorous empirical scrutiny. Each chapter involves large-N statistical analysis to make it truly global in scope and to overcome the limits of single (or small-N) case studies on political corruption. This book concludes with critical evaluations about anti-corruption efforts by various IGOs and NGOs and specific policy recommendations to deter corruption. **Review Political Corruption and Democratic Governance makes an important contribution to the growing literature on corruption by offering extensive empirical research demonstrating the ill effects of corruption on economic performance, distributive justice, and social and political trust, and gauging corruptions impact on voting and electoral outcomes. Accessible and useful to both undergraduates and experts, the book provides a solid overview of the sub-field of corruption studies, exploring questions of definition, measurement, and different theoretical approaches. By assessing corruptions impact on the various dimensions of democratic governance, Jongseok Woo and Eunjung Choi highlight the critical role corruption plays in fueling the growing crisis to democracy in developing and developed countries worldwide. (Stephen Morris, Middle Tennessee State University) Jongseok Woo and Eunjung Choi provide an important contribution to the literature on corruption and government performance. Their analysis of how citizens perceive wrongdoing in politics and the implications of these perceptions for democratic representation is both rigorously executed and accessible. (James A McCann, Purdue University) About the Author Jongseok Woo is assistant professor of political science in the School of Interdisciplinary Global Studies at the University of South Florida. Eunjung Choi is associate professor in the Department of Political Science and International Relations at the Chonnam National University in South Korea.
Author: Noah J. Efron
File Type: pdf
Scholars have struggled for decades to explain why Jews have succeeded extravagantly in modern science. A variety of controversial theoriesfrom such intellects as C. P. Snow, Norbert Wiener, and Nathaniel Weylhave been promoted. Snow hypothesized an evolved genetic predisposition to scientific success. Wiener suggested that the breeding habits of Jews sustained hereditary qualities conducive for learning. Economist and eugenicist Weyl attributed Jewish intellectual eminence to seventeen centuries of breeding for scholars. Rejecting the idea that Jews have done well in science because of uniquely Jewish traits, Jewish brains, and Jewish habits of mind, historian of science Noah J. Efron approaches the Jewish affinity for science through the geographic and cultural circumstances of Jews who were compelled to settle in new worlds in the early twentieth century. Seeking relief from religious persecution, millions of Jews resettled in the United States, Palestine, and the Soviet Union, with large concentrations of settlers in New York, Tel Aviv, and Moscow. Science played a large role in the lives and livelihoods of these immigrants it was a universal force that transcended the arbitrary Old World orders that had long ensured the exclusion of all but a few Jews from the seats of power, wealth, and public esteem. Although the three destinations were far apart geographically, the links among the communities were enduring and spirited. This shared experienceof facing the future in new worlds, both physical and conceptualprovided a generation of Jews with opportunities unlike any their parents and grandparents had known. The tumultuous recent century of Jewish history, which saw both a methodical campaign to blot out Europes Jews and the inexorable absorption of Western Jews into the societies in which they now live, is illuminated by the place of honor science held in Jewish imaginations. Science was central to their dreams of creating new worldswelcoming worldsfor a persecuted people. This provocative work will appeal to historians of science as well as scholars of religion, Jewish studies, and Zionism. **
Author: Rhonda Anne Semple
File Type: pdf
This is the first comprehensive study of the role of gender in British Protestant missionary expansion into China and India during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Focusing on the experiences of wives and daughters, female missionaries, educators and medical staff associated with the London Missionary Society, the China Inland Mission and the various Scottish Presbyterian Mission Societies, it compares and contrasts gender relations within different British Protestant missions in cross-cultural settings. Drawing on extensive published and archival materials, this study examines how gender, race, class, nationality and theology shaped the polity of Protestant missions and Christian interaction with native peoples. Rather than providing a romantic portrayal of fulfilled professional freedom, this work argues that womens labor in Christian missions, as in the secular British Empire and domestic society, remained under-valued both in terms of remuneration and administrative advancement, until well into the twentieth century. Rich in details and full of insights, this work not only presents the first comparative treatment of gender relations in British Christian missionary movements, but also contributes to an understanding of the importance of gender more broadly in the high imperial age. RHONDA A. SEMPLE is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Northern British Columbia, Canada.ReviewThis carefully researched study makes a unique and valuable context to mission studies. MISSIOLOGYA mine of information about many other issues besides those of the changing roles of women missionaries. JOURNAL OF ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORYInformative for anyone interested in the Victorian age and in womens studies. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR ENGLISH STUDIESA worthwhile and original contribution. AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEWAn extensively researched and carefully argued book (that) helps to expand the boundaries of British social history even as it raises some fundamental questions. VICTORIAN STUDIESCopious archival research makes this a valuable addition to scholarship on late-Victorian and Edwardian missionary enterprises. EHR
Author: Rebecca Solnit
File Type: pdf
A beautiful, absorbing, tragic book.Larry McMurtry In 1851, a war began in what would become Yosemite National Park, a war against the indigenous inhabitants. A century laterin 1951and a hundred and fifty miles away, another war began when the U.S. government started setting off nuclear bombs at the Nevada Test Site. It was called a nuclear testing program, but functioned as a war against the land and people of the Great Basin. In this foundational book of landscape theory and environmental thinking, Rebecca Solnit explores our national Eden and Armageddon and offers a pathbreaking history of the west, focusing on the relationship between culture and its implementation as politics. In a new preface, she considers the continuities and changes of these invisible wars in the context of our current climate change crisis, and reveals how the long arm of these histories continue to inspire her writing and hope. **
Author: Eric L. Santner
File Type: pdf
In November 1893, Daniel Paul Schreber, recently named presiding judge of the Saxon Supreme Court, was on the verge of a psychotic breakdown and entered a Leipzig psychiatric clinic. He would spend the rest of the nineteenth century in mental institutions. Once released, he published his Memoirs of My Nervous Illness (1903), a harrowing account of real and delusional persecution, political intrigue, and states of sexual ecstasy as Gods private concubine. Freuds famous case study of Schreber elevated the Memoirs into the most important psychiatric textbook of paranoia. In light of Eric Santners analysis, Schrebers text becomes legible as a sort of nerve bible of fin-de-siecle preoccupations and obsessions, an archive of the very phantasms that would, after the traumas of war, revolution, and the end of empire, coalesce into the core elements of National Socialist ideology. The crucial theoretical notion that allows Santner to pass from the private domain of psychotic disturbances to the public domain of the ideological and political genesis of Nazism is the crisis of investiture. Schrebers breakdown was precipitated by a malfunction in the rites and procedures through which an individual is endowed with a new social status his condition became acute just as he was named to a position of ultimate symbolic authority. The Memoirs suggest that we cross the threshold of modernity into a pervasive atmosphere of crisis and uncertainty when acts of symbolic investiture no longer usefully transform the subjects self understanding. At such a juncture, the performative force of these rites of institution may assume the shape of a demonic persecutor, some other who threatens our borders and our treasures. Challenging other political readings of Schreber, Santner denies that Schrebers delusional system--his own private Germany--actually prefigured the totalitarian solution to this defining structural crisis of modernity. Instead, Santner shows how this tragic figure succeeded in avoiding the totalitarian temptation by way of his own series of perverse identifications, above all with women and Jews. **
Author: Mark Lattimer
File Type: epub
The high civilian death toll in modern, protracted conflicts such as those in Syria or Iraq indicate the limits of international law in offering protections to civilians at risk. A recent conference of states convened by the International Committee of the Red Cross referred to an institutional vacuum in the area of international humanitarian law implementation. Yet both international humanitarian law and the law of human rights establish a series of rights intended to protect civilians. But which law or laws apply in a particular situation, and what are the obstacles to their implementation? How can the law offer greater protections to civilians caught up in new methods of warfare, such as drone strikes, or targeted by new forms of military organisation, such as transnational armed groups? Can the implementation gap be filled by the growing use of human rights courts to remedy violations of the laws of armed conflict, or are new instruments or mechanisms of civilian legal protection needed? This volume brings together contributions from leading academic authorities and legal practitioners on the situation of civilians in the grey zone between human rights and the laws of war. The chapters in Part 1 address key contested or boundary issues in defining the rights of civilians or non-combatants in todays conflicts. Those in Part 2 examine remedies and current mechanisms for redress both at the international and national level, and those in Part 3 assess prospects for the development of new mechanisms for addressing violations. As military intervention to protect civilians remains contested, this volume looks at the potential for developing alternative approaches to the protection of civilians and their rights. **About the Author Mark Lattimer is Executive Director of the Ceasefire Centre for Civilian Rights. Philippe Sands QC is Professor of International Law at University College London.
Author: Helen Cooney
File Type: pdf
This book offers a multi-faceted view on the wide variety of late-medieval writings on love with which it deals and seeks to respect and reflect their gret diversite. Hence it represents an important and timely modification of the rather monolithic views on medieval writings on love which have prevailed ever since Lewis Allegory of Love. The essays discuss issues such as the relevance or otherwise to English, Anglo-Norman, and Scottish writings of the continental ethos of fyn amor, the importance of social class in medieval discourses on love, and the question of whether gender was a determining factor in the construction of these texts. In keeping with the volumes fundamental belief in variety and debate, the essays themselves contain an internal dialectic, with individual scholars expressing different views of similar bodies of work or even individual texts. The contributors to this volume are among the foremost scholars working in the field of medieval studies today. ReviewReaders seeking proof that good things still come in small packages need look no further than this fine collection....an indispensible resource for any reader interested in the subject matter.....simultaneously sophisticated and accesible.--EconomiaThis account of Middle English love literature, also of its historical background and continental context, is impressively comprehensive and illuminating. Beside lively discussions of English representations of the characteristically medieval but hotly debated courtly love mode other hitherto less recognized modes are brought into focus, especially in valuable essays dealing with early Middle English and Anglo-Norman romances.Among many excellent chapters in this volume is the editors own subtle and beautifully written contribution on love and aesthetics at the end of the Middle English period.--Thomas G. Duncan, University of St AndrewsCooney has here assembled a distinguished array of medievalists who, in a wide-ranging series of essays, address the big questions surrounding the debate on love in the Middle Ages. This is a very strong collection and will certainly be widely consulted.--J. A. Burrow, Emeritus Professor, University of BristolThe term courtly love will not be readily recuperated from the scorn that has been heaped upon it and the misrepresentations to which it has been subjected, but the medieval cult of idealized sexual love is here, in this book, definitively restored to its central position in the understanding of medieval English literature. A series of probing essays demonstrates how the courtly cult of being in love, in all its multiplicities, variously expressive of male or female subjectivity, and oriented according to whatever moral and cultural conventions, overrode constraint and gave narrative its very heart-beat.--Derek A. Pearsall, Harvard University (retired)This collection of essays presents a series of lively reassessments of English and Scottish writings on love in the Middle Ages. It is both insightful and accessible.--Douglas Gray, J.R.R. Tolkien Professor of English Literature and Language Emeritus, University of OxfordAbout the AuthorHelen Cooney has taught Medieval and Renaissance literature at Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, Nottingham University, and Trinity College, Dublin. She has published numerous articles on both Chaucer and Spenser and has just completed a monograph on the courtly poetry of Chaucer, entitled Chaucers Theodicies of Love. Her increasing interest in the fifteenth century was reflected in a collection of essays which she edited, Nation, Court and Culture New Essays on Fifteenth Century English Poetry (2001). Her current major project is a study of how the Middle Ages becomes the Renaissance in English literature, as seen through the lens of courtly allegory. She is currently lecturer in Medieval and Renaissance English at Trinity College, Dublin.
Author: Ruth Fuller Sasaki
File Type: pdf
p margin 14px padding TheLinji lu(Record of Linji) has been an essential text of Chinese and Japanese Zen Buddhism for nearly a thousand years. A compilation of sermons, statements, and acts attributed to the great Chinese Zen master Linji Yixuan (d. 866), it serves as both an authoritative statement of Zens basic standpoint and a central source of material for Zen koan practice. Scholars study the text for its importance in understanding both Zen thought and East Asian Mahayana doctrine, while Zen practitioners cherish it for its unusual simplicity, directness, and ability to inspire.p margin -4px 14px padding One of the eafont face=MS Shell Dlg 2, serifspan 12pxrliest attempts to translate this important work into English was by Sasaki Shigetsu (18821945), a pioneer Zen master in the U.S. and the founder of the First Zen Institute of America. At the time of his death, he entrusted the project to his wife, Ruth Fuller Sasaki, who in 1949 moved to Japan and there founded a branch of the First Zen Institute at Daitoku-ji. Mrs. Sasaki, determined to produce a definitive translation, assembled a team of talented young scholars, both Japanese and Western, who in the following years retranslated the text in accordance with modern research on Tang-dynasty colloquial Chinese. As they worked on the translation, they compiled hundreds of detailed notes explaining every technical term, vernacular expression, and literary reference. One of the team, Yanagida Seizan (later Japans preeminent Zen historian), produced a lengthy introduction that outlined the emergence of Chinese Zen, presented a biography of Linji, and traced the textual development of theLinji lu.The sudden death of Mrs. Sasaki in 1967 brought the nearly completed project to a halt. An abbreviated version of the book was published in 1975, but neither this nor any other English translations that subsequently appeared contain the type of detailed historical, linguistic, and doctrinal annotation that was central to Mrs. Sasakis plan.spanfontp MS Shell Dlg 2, serif 12px margin -4px padding The materials assembled by Mrs. Sasaki and her team are finally available in the present edition of the Record of Linji. Chinese readings have been changed to Pinyin and the translation itself has been revised in line with subsequent research by Iriya Yoshitaka and Yanagida Seizan, the scholars who advised Mrs. Sasaki. The notes, nearly six hundred in all, are almost entirely based on primary sources and thus retain their value despite the nearly forty years since their preparation. They provide a rich context for Linjis teachings, supplying a wealth of information on Tang colloquial expressions, Buddhist thought, and Zen history, much of which is unavailable anywhere else in English. This revised edition of thefont color=#333333 face=Arial, serifspan 14px background- (255, 255, 255)Record of Linjispanfontis certain to be of great value to Buddhist scholars, Zen practitioners, and readers interested in Asian Buddhism.