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Historical Dictionary of the Nixon-Ford Era
Author: Mitchell K. Hall
File Type: pdf
The presidential administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford encompassed some of the most turbulent and significant years of the 20th century. Nixon was elected near the end of a decade characterized by struggles for civil rights, years of war in Vietnam, and widespread cultural rebellion. Although he promised during his campaign to bring the country together, Nixons administration was more confrontational than compromising and ultimately deepened national divisions. Gerald Ford worked to restore integrity to the White House but never fully established a program separate from his predecessor. His pardon of Nixon and the 1975 fall of South Vietnam kept him linked to the past rather than establishing the beginning of a new era.The Nixon-Ford Era witnessed one of the most controversial presidential eras, yet despite all of the turmoil, progress was made. The Vietnam War eventually wound down, the Cold War went through a phase of detente, relations were established with China, civil rights progressed, the situation of African Americans and Native Americans improved, and Womens Liberation altered the status of half of the population. The Historical Dictionary of the Nixon-Ford Era relates these events and provides extensive political, economic, and social background on this era through a detailed chronology, an introduction, appendixes, a bibliography, and several hundred cross-referenced dictionary entries on important persons, events, institutions, policies, and issues.From BooklistThe Historical Dictionaries of U.S. Historical Eras seriesoffers readers a concise overview of topics inAmerican history. There are now10 volumes that include such titles as Historical Dictionary of Revolutionary America (2005) right onthrough Historical Dictionary of the Reagan-Bush Era (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Nixon-Ford Eracovers the period from 1968 to 1976. As part of the series,it follows the standard schema a chronology, a list of acronyms and abbreviations, mapsand appendixes, an overview essay about the era, and the main portion, an AZ dictionary of subjects and persons of importance during the Nixon and Ford administrations. The first event in the chronology is the January 23, 1968, seizure of the U.S. Navy ship Pueblo by the North Koreans, and the last entry isSeptember 7, 1977, whenPresident Carter signed the agreement to return the Panama Canal to Panamanian control. The dictionary section includes more than 300 entries of notable politicians, businessmen and -women, actors, musicians, filmmakers, sports heroes, and even countercultural personalities. A sampling of the entries include Black, Hugo Butz, Earl Counterculture Equal Rights Amendment Fonda,Jane Hardhats Stagflation and War Powers Act (1973). Lists of cabinet secretaries in the Nixon and Ford administrations and an extensive bibliography with an introductory essay are appended. As a concise, ready-reference volume to one of the most turbulent eras in American history, Historical Dictionary of the Nixon-Ford Era is recommended for large public libraries and academic libraries or for researchers of the era. --Jerry Carbone ReviewAs a concise, ready-reference volume to one of the most turbulent eras in American history, Historical Dictionary of the Nixon-Ford Era is recommended for large public libraries and academic libraries or for researchers of the era. (Booklist, November 15, 2008 )
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16431
Author: Gina Kolata
File Type: epub
The fascinating, true story of the worlds deadliest disease. In 1918, the Great Flu Epidemic felled the young and healthy virtually overnight. An estimated forty million people died as the epidemic raged. Children were left orphaned and families were devastated. As many American soldiers were killed by the 1918 flu as were killed in battle during World War I. And no area of the globe was safe. Eskimos living in remote outposts in the frozen tundra were sickened and killed by the flu in such numbers that entire villages were wiped out. Scientists have recently rediscovered shards of the flu virus frozen in Alaska and preserved in scraps of tissue in a government warehouse. Gina Kolata, an acclaimed reporter for The New York Times, unravels the mystery of this lethal virus with the high drama of a great adventure story. Delving into the history of the flu and previous epidemics, detailing the science and the latest understanding of this mortal disease, Kolata addresses the prospects for a great epidemic recurring, and, most important, what can be done to prevent it. **Amazon.com Review Feeling tired, achy, and congested? Youll hope not after reading science writer Gina Kolatas engrossing Flu, a fascinating look at the 1918 epidemic that wiped out around 40 million people in less than a year and afflicted more than one of every four Americans. This tragedy, just on the heels of World War I and far more deadly, so traumatized the survivors that few would talk about it afterward. Kolata reports on the scientific investigation of this bizarre outbreak, in particular the attempts to sequence the virus DNA from tissue samples of victims. She also looks at the social and personal effects of the disease, from improved public health awareness to the loss of productivity. (The disease affected 20- to 40-year-olds disproportionately.) How could this disease, now almost trivial to healthy young people, have become so virulent? The answer is complex, invoking epidemiology, immunology, and even psychology, but Kolata cuts a swath through medical papers and statistical reports to tell a story of an out-of-control virus exploiting an exhausted world on the brink of transition into modern society. Through letters, interviews, and news reports, she pieces together a cautionary tale that captures the horror of a devastating illness. Research marches onward, but were still at the mercy of something as simple as the flu. --Rob Lightner From Publishers Weekly It was a plague so deadly that if a similar virus were to strike today, it would kill more people in a single year than heart disease, cancers, strokes, chronic pulmonary disease, AIDS and Alzheimers disease combined. Between 20 million and 100 million people worldwide died in the 1918 flu pandemic, but for years afterward this deadliest plague in history was almost completely forgotten. Histories and even medical texts rarely mentioned it. This disconnect between the flus devastation and its obscurity is the starting point for Kolatas incisive history. She explains how the plague spread, covers the various speculations about its causes and origins and gives an account of the search to retrieve a specimen of the virus strain once genetic science had advanced enough to unravel the viruss mysteries. Tissue samplesAfrom an obese woman buried in the permafrost of Alaska and from two soldiers who died in army campsApreserved by the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in thumb-sized bits of paraffin prove to be the last remaining sources of the 1918 strain. Kolata, a science writer for the New York Times and author of Clone, profiles the scientists who tracked down these samples, follows their investigations and explains their conclusions. Could such a deadly flu appear again? Many scientists fear it could, hence their quick response to the 1997 outbreak of chicken flu in Hong Kong, which led to the slaughter of 1.2 million birds and, Kolata argues, averted another worldwide disaster. Clearly explaining both the science and the social toll of the pandemic, Kolata writes an admirable history and soberly spells out how the U.S. government is preparedAor unpreparedAfor a similar public health threat today. (Nov.) 1999 Reed Business Information, Inc.
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16612
Author: David Macey
File Type: epub
Born in Martinique, Frantz Fanon (192561) trained as a psychiatrist in Lyon before taking up a post in colonial Algeria. He had already experienced racism as a volunteer in the Free French Army, in which he saw combat at the end of the Second World War. In Algeria, Fanon came into contact with the Front de Liberation Nationale, whose ruthless struggle for independence was met with exceptional violence from the French forces. He identified closely with the liberation movement, and his political sympathies eventually forced him out the country, whereupon he became a propagandist and ambassador for the FLN, as well as a seminal anticolonial theorist. David Maceys eloquent life of Fanon provides a comprehensive account of a complex individuals personal, intellectual and political development. It is also a richly detailed depiction of postwar French culture. Fanon is revealed as a flawed and passionate humanist deeply committed to eradicating colonialism. Now updated with new historical material, Frantz Fanon remains the definitive biography of a truly revolutionary thinker.**From Publishers WeeklyMacey (Lacan in Context), British translator, biographer and critic, is one of the foremost English-language chroniclers of the distinctive postwar French hybrids of psychological, political and historical thought. His Lives of Michel Foucault is so far the definitive biographical study of the prodigious thinker, and this biography of a fervent anti-colonialist revolutionary may be even more important for the role it could play in bringing Fanons writings out of the American academy and back into common discussion. Fanon (1925-1961) was a native of Martinique, more than 10 years the junior of the radical negritude poet (and current mayor of Fort-de-France) Aim Csaire, who was one of his high school teachers. By the time Fanons brilliant, blistering diatribe Black Skin, White Masks appeared from a Paris publisher in 1952, Fanon was a psychiatrist he had been part of a Moroccan-based resistance unit during the war, and had found the white left irredeemably bigoted. (Fanon described the book as a study in language and aggressivity.) Fanons colossal shifts of registers (political, medical, poetic, sociological) in the books phenomenology of racism are well explicated by Macey, who gives nuanced accounts of the African nationalist essays and books that followed (primarily concerning Algeria, where Fanon practiced), and complicates Fanons advocacy of violence-as-catharsis one of the facets of his work that attracted the radical American left of the 60s. Macey does a terrific job throughout reconstructing the contexts in which Fanon conceived and wrote his works, and the terms with which one might best approach them. The book will be invaluable to scholars, but those looking for an entre into postwar Francophone literature and its political militancy will find this book an excellent guide to notoriously thorny works, and to their author, who died of cancer soon after his illness was discovered. 2001 Cahners Business Information, Inc.From Library Journal In the first biography in some time, Macey (The Lives of Michel Foucault) offers a sensitive and powerful account of Frantz Fanon, the revolutionary, psychiatrist, Third World theorist, and author (The Wretched of the Earth). Fanons call for violent revolution, as a means of countering colonialisms institutional and psychological effects on colonized peoples, fueled the Algerian Independence movement and set the stage for decolonization in the rest of colonial Africa and the Caribbean. Macey combines original research and other peoples scholarship to reveal Fanons interwoven theories on African decolonization, the War of Algerian Independence, and the lived experience of blacks. Inextricably linked to Fanons theories and skillfully intertwined is the history of French colonialism and racism in France. Maceys writing and research is rich with historical context and personal information that both Fanon loyalists and general readers will appreciate. Macey details Fanons Martinique childhood, military service, educational and professional experiences, activism, and writing life. Recommended for academic libraries as well as African history and black studies collections. Sherri Barnes, Univ. of California, Santa Barbara 2001 Reed Business Information, Inc.
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