The Homo genus started approximately 2.3 million years ago when a new species evolved and was distinctly different from the Australopithecines that used to roam the African continent.
This is the start of the lineage that eventually led to us all, us Homo sapiens sapiens, modern humans.
But who was this species? What did they look like? What can we uncover about the way they lived?
Homo Habilis, the very first species in the Homo genus, the origin of all of us.
The remains of Homo Habilis were discovered at the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, this is one of the very most important palaeoanthropological locations in the entire world, the Gorge has played such a key significant role in our understanding of the early human evolution.
45 kilometres south of the Gorge are the Laetoli footprints located, which are amongst the oldest fossilized footprints ever discovered.
The Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania is located in the East of Africa, this is where some of the very oldest fossils ever discovered have been found, like for instance the Laetoli Canine belonging to Australopithecus Afarensis dating to 3.5 million years ago.
#HomoHabilis #OlduvaiGorge #KoobiFora
Music: Adrian von Ziegler
Sources: https://www.sapiens.org/biology/homo-sapiens-and-tool-making/
https://www.nature.com/articles/508031a
https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-habilis
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Homo-habilis
https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/homo-habilis/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_habilis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olduvai_Gorge#Discovery_and_research
Video Stefan Milo; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6kc7rEQXpI
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HTZUsQoEoQ
The oldest stone circles ever found date back to 175,000 years ago and were created by Neanderthals.
The circular structures created from nearly 400 stalagmites in the Bruniquel cave show that Neanderthals were far more organised in their social structure than previously thought.
The creation of these structures requires the mobilization of people who can lead, who can advise, who can manufacture, who can construct patterns, all while they needed a continuous source of light.
Neanderthal Playlist; https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyM1QcUGVGddnc1Zkt-ct74NlvcoQW80-
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Sources: https://www.nature.com/articles/nature18291
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/may/25/neanderthals-built-mysterious-cave-structures-175000-years-ago
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-science-neanderthals-idUSKCN0YG2U9
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/05/the-astonishing-age-of-a-neanderthal-cave-construction-site/484070/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruniquel_Cave
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/neanderthals-caves-rings-building-france-archaeology
https://www.tourisme-tarnetgaronne.fr/en/discover/must-see/the-bruniquel-cave/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/05/26/170000-years-before-stonehenge-neanderthals-built-their-own-incredible-structure/
Human Evolution: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyM1QcUGVGddXxYT_n_2XNxJI1IqYnziF
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZcZK46xhkc
#Knowth #BrunaBoinne #BoyneValley
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00:00 Opening video
01:57 Knowth Main Mound
05:02 Satellite mounds
17:29 Megalithic art
Knowth is one of the greatest monuments of Neolithic Europe, situated in the Boyne valley.
The area of Brú na Bóinne has been a centre of human settlement for at least 6000 years.
It’s one of the world’s most important prehistoric landscapes dating from the Neolithic period.
The Brú na Bóinne is an ancient complex of Passage Mounds, chamber tombs, standing stones, henges and other prehistoric enclosures, some as early as dating from between 3500 and 3200 BCE.
The archaeological culture associated with this area is called the Boyne Culture.
Knowth is the largest and most remarkable ancient monument in Ireland, it has the largest number of megalithic art in Ireland, although Newgrange is more famous.
Neolithic farmers began construction at Knowth around 3300 BCE.
Knowth is similar in size to Newgrange, although it’s larger and it’s unique for being surrounded by 17 smaller satellite mounds.
The big mound is known as Site 1, it’s unique in the Boyne Valley because it contains 2 separate passages in an east-west alignment, each passage has it’s own chamber.
The height of the mound is approximately 11 meters and the base is 80 meters east-west and 95 meters north-south, it’s not a perfect circle, but more of an oval shape.
The excavators have found a mace head in both the eastern and western passage of the main mound.
The mace head from the western passage was found on July 12th 1967.
It is pestle shaped and incomplete, it’s broken across and at least half is missing.
It’s approximately 3,8 centimetres long and the end expands slightly outwards.
The surface is well polished, the hole is cylindrical and it 1,7 centimetres in diameter.
The object has been subjected to heat, most likely on the cremation pyre.
The mace head found in the Eastern passage was found more than a decade later on September 1st 1982.
It was lying on the ground surface of the entrance to the right hand side chamber.
Around it were 5 burial deposits, but all of them were deposited after the mace head had already been laid down and buried under a layer of shale.
The layer of shale was 4 square meters and around the mace head the layer was thickest.
When excavators picked the mace head up it cam apart in 3 pieces, and some hair-cracks are present.
The fracturing may have been ancient, one fractured surface had dendritic black staining.
The mace head is 7,9 centimetres long and weighs 324,55 grams.
The hole is
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eknXr8gtE04
As we all know, Africa is the cradle of human origins, all human species have their origins in Africa if we go back far enough.
But, according to a new study published by Nature, it seems like there’s a possibility that all living humans on the planet today are the descendants of 3 populations, these 3 populations dispersed roughly between 60,000 and 50,000 years ago.
A more widespread move happened around this time when Homo sapiens started moving into places like Eastern Asia, Australia, Europe and so forth.
The first Homo sapiens emerged in Morocco around 300,000 years ago.
They are the oldest anatomically modern humans, although they still had archaic features, but they did start to behave in certain ways that we deem modern human.
They started to create new stone tools and they seem to be the first humans to transport raw materials, most likely through a set of trade networks up to 400 kilometres away (approximately 250 miles).
We know that they started making clothes at least 140,000 years ago and started to create pierced shell beads to decorate themselves.
But then, around 50,000 years ago they started to create ostrich eggshell beads and exchanging them along a vast distance.
Around this time the first Homo sapiens had already arrived in Australia and Europe, and stone and bone tools became very common wherever Homo sapiens started to inhabit the area.
It’s a shame that almost all rock art in Africa is undated and most of it is very badly weathered, so that makes dating them even harder. But around 50,000 years ago there seems to be an increase in ochre pigment at archaeological sites, this as you can imagine hints at an explosion of art.
#DescendedHunterGathererPopulations #NewDiscovery
Music: Adrian von Ziegler
Sources:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04430-9?utm_medium=affiliate&utm_source=commission_junction&utm_campaign=CONR_PF018_ECOM_GL_PHSS_ALWYS_PRODUCT&utm_content=productdatafeed&utm_term=PID100021860&CJEVENT=b7a1ac5ca1fe11ec8056838f0a18050f
https://bgr.com/science/this-50000-year-old-dna-changes-what-we-know-about-ancient-human-history/
https://theconversation.com/ancient-dna-helps-reveal-social-changes-in-africa-50-000-years-ago-that-shaped-the-human-story-175436
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochre
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3KDx8OwfiD4
This is a Reupload of my original hypothesis, part 2 may be coming soon.
What if the ancient structures in Europe, for instance the megalithic tombs, the dolmens and henge monuments are reconstructions of older monuments?
We would never be able to fully uncover the older dates with our current dating methods, but I personally find it extremely unlikely that we have a 7000 year gap in construction between the Tas Tepeler sites in Turkey and the oldest stone structure in Northern Europe at the Carrowmore cemetery.
It is possible that we had burial mounds, or passage tombs, dolmens or henge monuments created from wood, that kept being rebuild for a very long time, possibly thousands of years, that eventually got reconstructed by stone, either a very long time ago, or not as great as they may have not been very skilled working with stone yet, who knows..
Eventually about 5600 years ago the Neolithic builder culture started to develop and they could have possibly discovered the ruins of these ancient structures and eventually these stone structures were reconstructed by them.
#AncientTimeline #HistoryTimeline #AncientTheory
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2iBBgXACVFc
We had a chill caturday today.
Watch the kitties relax in the garden.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OExm-cWUBnU
#Newgrange #NewgrangeNewEvidence #HistoryNewgrange #IrishNeolithicMonuments
The stone age lasted for over 2,5 million years and only ended 4.000 years ago.
In this series the focus is on the Neolithic Era, or New stone age, since most structures from the stone age were built in that time period.
Today’s video location of Newgrange is in Brú na Bóinne along the bend of the Boyne river in County Meath, Ireland.
Newgrange is an exceptionally large Passage Tomb build around 3400BC.
Thus making it about 500 years older than the oldest archaeological evidence found at Stonehenge and about 900 years older than the Pyramids of Giza.
Newgrange is one of the oldest known existing buildings in the world.
Professor Michael J. O‘Kelly excavated and restored Newgrange from 1962 in the 4 summer months each year until 1975.
In the summer of 2018 Ireland suffered a period of drought.
Initial discoveries of subsurface archaeological remains were reported by drone pilots Anthony Murphy and Ken Williams in July 2018.
The field that stimulated global media interest during the summer drought of 2018 is called the cropmarks field.
It’s situated south from the Newgrange farm, to the southwest of the Newgrange mound.
At the time of the aerial survey the field had a standing crop of wheat, it highlighted the presence of widespread subsurface archaeological remains.
The cropmarks indicate evidence for henges, mortuary enclosures and palisade enclosures. Monuments we would date to the late neolithic period (the old stone age), most likely these monuments were made from timber, making them contemporary.
Henge monuments often occur in pairs or groups and are located in areas where other neolithic monuments are concentrated.
The recently discovered henges at Brú na Bóinne demonstrate what must’ve been a conscious design of ceremonial enclosures.
As Dr Gabriel Cooney wrote in 1997;
‘Ultimately we should remember that, just as the society that built the passage tombs was not static but changing, so too our views of that past are changing because of new information and interpretation. In a few years’ time it may be necessary to update our outsider’s view of the neolithic world.’
Sources:
Videos from Mythical ireland:
https://www.youtube.com/user/mythicalireland
http://www.carrowkeel.com/sites/boyne/newgrange2a.html
https://www.knowth.com/excavation.htm
https://voicesfromthedawn.com/newgrange/
Claire O'Kelly - Illustrated Guide to Newgrange and other Boyne Monuments
The Archaeology of the Brú na Bóinne World Heritage Site
Interim Report, December 2018
Eriksen, P., 2008. THE GREAT MOUND OF NEWGRANGE: AN IRISH MULTI‐PERIOD MOUND SPANNING FROM THE MEGALITHIC TOMB PERIOD TO THE EARLY BRONZE AGE. Acta Archaeologica, 79(1), pp.250-273.
Mi
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2fydUOqlYI
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Around 200 BCE ancient people would flock to a Temple in the City of Hierapolis, which was part of the Roman empire in modern day Turkey.
Located on top of a cave was what they believed to be the Gateway to Hell, named Plutonium after the God of the Underworld Pluto.
Animals of all various sizes from birds to bulls would drop dead at the entrance or soon after as the people believed the cave was thought to exhale the breath of death, of course more than 2000 years ago this was quite the phenomenon to behold.
The Greek geographer Strabo described the phenomenon as the following; “Every animal that passes inside meets instant death. At any rate, the bulls that are led into the cave fall and are dragged out death. I threw in sparrows and they immediately breathed their last breath and fell”.
He did recognize that the reaction was related to the emission of a gas, he wrote “The space is full of a vapour so misty and dense that one can scarcely see the ground”.
Even though he knew it was a gas causing the animals to die he kept being puzzled as to how the priests were seemingly unaffected, wondering if they truly were divine or if they were unaffected because they simply held their breaths?
#GateToHell #RomanGateToHell #PloutonionHierapolis
Music: Adrian von Ziegler
Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploutonion_at_Hierapolis
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/09/world/mystery-gates-to-hell-hierapolis/index.html
https://www.sciencealert.com/ancient-roman-gate-to-hell-killed-victims-with-its-deadly-lake
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ShuO50EnG_g
The dwelling structure (hut) is like a time capsule, frozen in time, giving us insight in the every day life of Magdalenian hunter gatherers 16,800 years ago.
The outline of the hut is defined by a series of stone blocks and stalagmites that used to support a structure made of sticks and skins that leaned against the cave wall.
#LaGarma #TimeCapsule #PalaeolithicCaveHut
Music: Celtic Music – Queen of the Fae
Sources: https://www.heritagedaily.com/2023/12/16800-year-old-palaeolithic-dwelling-found-in-la-garma-cave/149781
https://www.iflscience.com/stone-age-cave-dwelling-found-exactly-as-it-was-left-17000-years-ago-71896
Children footprint pic: Gobierno de Cantabria
https://worldculturalheritagevoices.org/16800-year-old-paleolithic-dwelling-found-in-la-garma-cave/
https://bnnbreaking.com/world/spain/16800-year-old-prehistoric-dwelling-discovered-in-spains-la-garma-cave/
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/archaeology/archeology-cantabria-cave-dwelling-b2459581.html
https://insightblast.biz.id/16800-year-old-palaeolithic-dwelling-found-in-la-garma-cave/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjuSuTi9sKo