Author: Connie Y. Chiang File Type: pdf The mass imprisonment of over 110,000 people of Japanese ancestry during World War II was one of the most egregious violations of civil liberties in United States history. Removed from their homes on the temperate Pacific Coast, Japanese Americans spent the war years in desolate camps in the nations interior. Photographers including Ansel Adams and Dorothea Lange visually captured these camps in images that depicted the environment as a source of both hope and hardship. And yet the literature on incarceration has most often focused on the legal and citizenship statuses of the incarcerees, their political struggles with the US government, and their oral testimony. Nature Behind Barbed Wire shifts the focus to the environment. It explores how the landscape shaped the experiences of both Japanese Americans and federal officials who worked for the War Relocation Authority (WRA), the civilian agency that administered the camps. The complexities of the natural world both enhanced and constrained the WRAs power and provided Japanese Americans with opportunities to redefine the terms and conditions of their confinement. Even as the environment compounded their feelings of despair and outrage, the incarcerees also found that their agency in transforming and adapting to the natural world could help them survive and contest their incarceration. Japanese Americans and WRA officials negotiated the terms of confinement with each other and with a dynamic natural world. Ultimately, as Connie Chiang demonstrates, the Japanese American incarceration was fundamentally an environmental story. **

Author: Monika Hinteregger File Type: pdf Providing a comprehensive analysis of environmental liability law in Europe, this book offers a general introduction to the status of environmental liability in Europe. It describes the relevant international treaties and the EC-Environmental Liability Directive and discusses the conflict of laws issues regarding transfrontier environmental damage. It also contains the results of a comparative project covering 14 jurisdictions in 13 European countries (Austria, Belgium, England and Wales, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Scotland, Spain, Sweden) on the private law aspects of environmental liability. It addresses the main problems of the application of tort law in environmental law, such as the availability of non-fault liability, the establishment of causation, the scope of available remedies and the issue of legal standing. Due to the very limited harmonizing effect of the EC-Environmental Liability Directive national tort law will keep its importance in the field of environmental liability.Book DescriptionA comprehensive analysis of environmental liability in Europe which describes the relevant international treaties, the EC-Environmental Liability Directive and the conflict of laws issues regarding transfrontier environmental damage. It contains results of a comparative project covering 14 jurisdictions in 13 European countries on private law aspects of environmental liability. About the AuthorMonika Hinteregger is Professor of Civil Law at the Institute of Civil Law, Foreign and International Law of the Karl Franzens University of Graz.

Author: Jacqueline Reich File Type: epub When Benito Mussolini proclaimed that Cinema is the strongest weapon, he was telling only half the story. In reality, very few feature films during the Fascist period can be labeled as propaganda. Re-viewing Fascism considers the many films that failed as weapons in creating cultural consensus and instead came to reflect the complexities and contradictions of Fascist culture. The volume also examines the connection between cinema of the Fascist period and neorealismties that many scholars previously had denied in an attempt to view Fascism as an unfortunate deviation in Italian history. The postwar directors Luchino Visconti, Roberto Rossellini, and Vittorio de Sica all had important roots in the Fascist era, as did the Venice Film Festival. While government censorship loomed over Italian filmmaking, it did not prevent frank depictions of sexuality and representations of men and women that challenged official gender policies. Re-viewing Fascism brings together scholars from different cultural and disciplinary backgrounds as it offers an engaging and innovative look into Italian cinema, Fascist culture, and society.**ReviewEach essay makes a point of correcting misconceptions about the cinema during the ventennio [the period of fascist rule], which makes this book a significant contribution to the literature. S. Vander Closter, Rhode Island School of Design, Choice, December 2002Reich (SUNY, Stony Brook) and Garofalo (Univ. of New Hampshire) have edited a collection of 12 essays treating Italian cinema during the ventennio, the period of fascist rule. Part 1 addresses the cinemas construction of subjectivity (particularly female), linguistic diversity (which challenged the transition from silent to sound cinema), neorealism, and the role of telecommunications and cinema in the formation of nation. The focus shifts in part 2 David Forgacs suggests new ways of identifying the transgressive aspects of regulated and conservative representation of sex in the cinema others offer a recuperative homosexual reading of Ossessione and an analysis of the colonial discourse of Sotto la croce del sud. Among the essays in part 3 is an examination of the Soviet influence on Italian films of the 1930s a redefinition of escapist films and their link to contemporary social realities a reading of Grandi magazzini and the female subject in the context of urban consumerism a discussion of the 1942 Venice Biennale International Film Festival prize winners and the signs they contain of the deep contradictions and weakness of the fascist regime. Each essay makes a point of correcting misconceptions about the cinema during the ventennio, which makes this book a significant contribution to the literature. Upperdivision undergraduates and above.S. Vander Closter, Rhode Island School of Design, 2002dec CHOICEAbout the AuthorJacqueline Reich is Assistant Professor of Italian and Comparative Literature at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. Piero Garofalo is Assistant Professor of Italian at the University of New Hampshire.

Author: Catherine Leglu File Type: pdf Parody marks the troubadour lyric from the outset, informing composition, performance and reception. This ground breaking study moves away from courtliness, the focus of most previous studies, and places troubadour parodic preactice int he context of the social and spiritual debates of 12th and 13th century Occitania. Leglu analyses the complex relationship between troubadour verse and the Aquitanian para-liturgical Latin corpus. She charts the development of a chain of texts linked by a common formal mode derived from this Latin sequence and traces patterns of rewriting, ranging from scurrilous attacks, through playful competition, to recuperation of the sacred content in serious parody. **Review Provides a very interesting combination of comparative analysis of musical and textual borrowings, with the discussion of the wider background and referents of the troubadours. This approach enlightens a too-often forgotten corpus of poetry and also provides a fruitful methodological model. (Miriam Cabre French Studies , LVI.2, 2002, 221-94) An interesting study that considerably increases our appreciation of the complex relationships between secular and sacred song and between canons and clerics, troubadours and jongleurs, categories that have too long been separated by different academic disciplines. (Laura Kendrick Speculum, October, 2003, 1338-40) An insightful analysis of a series of medieval Occitan parodies... Specialists and graduate students will find themselves doubly served by Leglus careful research as well as by her patient development of complex issues. (Daniel E. OSullivan French Review, 76.3, 2003, 594-5) Die Arbeit halt, was sie eingangs verspricht Verf. zeigt vielfaltige Aspekte jener miteinander dialogisierenden Texte auf, die sich im Grenzbereich zwischen erbaulicher und weltlicher Dichtung bewegen. Uber die Reihenfolge der jeweils besprochenen Aspekte sowie uber ihre Bedeutung im Einzelfall liesse sich sicherlich diskutieren. (Michael Bernsen Zeitschrift fur romanische Philologie, 119, 2003, 355-7) Brilliant readings of individual texts, as well as invaluable exposition of liturgical and other ecclesiastical material relevant to troubadour compositions. (Linda M. Paterson Mediem Aevum, LXXII.1, 2003, 148-9) Apporte un point de vue qui contribuera a faire progresser notre connaissance des troubadours. (Peter Ricketts Revue des Langues Romanes, CVII2, 2003, 501-3) About the Author Catherine Leglu is a Lecturer in French at the University of Bristol. She has written on troubadour satirical poetry and is editing Simone de Beauvoirs only play, Les Bouches inutiles.