Make Potassium Nitrate from Instant Cold Packs and Potassium Hydroxide
Warning: This reaction will produce large quantities of toxic ammonia gas. Perform the reaction outside or in a fume hood. Potassium hydroxide is highly corrosive; wear gloves when working with it.
Also note that this video is for those interested in the chemistry, it's not cheaper/better/easier than buying it.
Take 60g of potassium hydroxide and combine it with 80g of ammonium nitrate. We showed how to obtain ammonium nitrate from instant cold packs in a previous video. Potassium hydroxide is sold online to make homemade soaps and for biodiesel.
Now add 30ml of water and gently heat the mixture. It will first bubble as it releases ammonia gas and then continue heating until it boils. Let it cool and evaporate to dryness.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxhZkDAOeQ8
Glassware generously provided by http://www.alchemylabsupply.com/
Use the discount code "copper" for a 5% discount.
Inocydia: https://inocydia.net/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bxac2OWTTHo
In this video we make a chemical thunderstorm in a beaker using manganese heptoxide.
I wanted recreate the test tube thunderstorm on a larger scale, adding sound for a more immersive experience. The setup involved using a glass funnel to carefully pour sulfuric acid into ethanol and form a layer of it in the bottom. Sprinkling potassium permanganate into the mix led to the formation of manganese heptoxide that reacted with ethanol and produced display of small explosions, accompanied by popping sounds and flashes of light.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxCO9BaBBHg
We demonstrate the simple combustive oxidation of iron by burning a common household item: Steel wool.
Normally we do not think of iron as being flammable, this is because bulk iron doesn't self-sustain its burning like most flammable materials. But the strands of steel wool are thin enough with enough surface area that heat produced is self-sustaining and will continue to burn through if there is enough air present.
To do this, simply pull apart and fluff up the steel wool to separate the strands. Then simply set it on fire. The steel wool should then burn flamelessly creating iron oxide.
You can also use a 9-volt battery and short out the terminals across the steel wool, the resistive heating should be hot enough to start it lit.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MDH92VxPEQ
In this video we purify sulfuric acid by distillation using a heating mantle we built in a previous video.
The reason why we need a special heating mantle is because most don't get hot enough to boil sulfuric acid.
Click here for our original video on how to make a high temperature heating mantle:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5meDWAqYes
The heating mantle in the video is connected to a variac autotransformer off-camera. But a light dimmer switch can provide the same power control for a fraction of the cost. Alternatively, a PID controller may be used.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgUH0HXrOKE
In this video we show you how to levitate pencil lead.
In a previous video we showed that pyrolytic graphite was diamagnetic, it was repelled by magnetic field, and that this repulsion was strong enough to levitate it.
You can see the previous video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyqOTJOJSoU
Now pyrolytic graphite is expensive so a cheaper alternative is to use very thin pencil lead. Not all pencil lead works so you need to first test it by placing it on a table and approaching it from the side with a magnet. If the lead moves away, then it's diamagnetic, if it moves toward then it's paramagnetic and can't be used.
The pencil lead must also be thin, a very thick pencil lead will be too heavy for the effect to work.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeIizmhzPQc
We make strontium nitrate from strontium carbonate and nitric acid.
Strontium Nitrate is used as an oxidizer in some types of pyrotechnic compositions to give a brilliant red color. A well-known example is flares.
Actually making it is very simple. Just mix 45 grams of strontium carbonate, 100mL of water and 40mL of concentrated (15.6M) nitric acid and then boil down until it's dry.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rd8b6wNnKA
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Magnetism on chemical reactions:
http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2009/pdf/8101x0019.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC393429/pdf/pnas00628-0308.pdf
http://web.stanford.edu/group/boxer/papers/paper26.pdf
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Bgnj_bgE9w
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How fluorescence works - The Science: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CcssdJf0pKQ
This Video was Sponsored by:
Scott Malcheski
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hy5EU5Popw4