Half and full-wave Rectifier Bangla Lecture 01 (Mathematical Calculation of Idc, Irms, eff. and R.F)
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The reverse operation is performed by the inverter.
Rectifiers have many uses but are often found serving as components of DC power supplies and high-voltage direct-current power transmission systems. Rectification may serve in roles other than to generate direct current for use as a source of power. As noted, detectors of radio signals serve as rectifiers. In gas heating systems flame rectification is used to detect the presence of a flame.
Rectifier circuits
1 Single-phase rectifiers
1.1 Half-wave rectification
1.2 Full-wave rectification
2.2 Three-phase rectifiers
2.2.1 Three-phase, half-wave circuit
2.2.2 Three-phase, full-wave circuit using center-tapped transformer
2.2.3 Three-phase bridge rectifier uncontrolled
2.2.4 Three-phase bridge rectifier controlled
2.2.5 Twelve-pulse bridge
Half-wave rectification
In half-wave rectification of a single-phase supply, either the positive or negative half of the AC wave is passed, while the other half is blocked. Mathematically, it is a step function (for positive pass, negative block): passing positive corresponds to the ramp function being the identity on positive inputs, blocking negative corresponds to being zero on negative inputs. Because only one half of the input waveform reaches the output, mean voltage is lower. Half-wave rectification requires a single diode in a single-phase supply, or three in a three-phase supply. Rectifiers yield a unidirectional but pulsating direct current; half-wave rectifiers produce far more ripple than full-wave rectifiers, and much more filtering is needed to eliminate harmonics of the AC frequency from the output.
Full-wave rectification
Full-wave rectifier, with vacuum tube having two anodes.
A full-wave rectifier converts the whole of the input waveform to one of constant polarity (positive or negative) at its output. Mathematically, this corresponds to the absolute value function. Full-wave rectification converts both polarities of the input waveform to pulsating DC (direct current), and yields a higher average output voltage. Two diodes and a center tapped transformer, or four diodes in a bridge configuration and any AC source (including a transformer without center tap), are needed. Single semiconductor diodes, double diodes with a common cathode or common anode, and four- or six-diode bridges are manufactured as single components.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSyK0hvoQaw