Author: Paul Copan File Type: pdf The ancient kalam cosmological argument maintains that the series of past events is finite and that therefore the universe began to exist. Two recent scientific discoveries have yielded plausible prima facie physical evidence for the beginning of the universe. The expansion of the universe points to its beginning-to a Big Bang-as one retraces the universes expansion in time. And the second law of thermodynamics, which implies that the universes energy is progressively degrading, suggests that the universe began with an initial low entropy condition. The kalam cosmological argument-perhaps the most discussed philosophical argument for Gods existence in recent decades-maintains that whatever begins to exist must have a cause. And since the universe began to exist, there must be a transcendent cause of its beginning, a conclusion which is confirmatory of theism. So this medieval argument for the finitude of the past has received fresh wind in its sails from recent scientific discoveries. This collection reviews and assesses the merits of the latest scientific evidences for the universes beginning. It ends with the kalam arguments conclusion that the universe has a cause-a personal cause with properties of theological significance. **Review A universe which burst into existence must have a Creator-so says the ancient Argument. It sets the scene for these fascinating, expert writings about the Big Bang and its magnificent consequences. * John Leslie, Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and author of Universes * To a cosmologist, the interesting thing about the beginning of the universe is that no one ordered it. No one tried to make a universe with a beginning, and yet time and again, while seeking to describe our universe, scientists found a cosmic beginning in their models. This volume wrestles with the implications of cosmological theories-the interaction between Craig and Pitt alone is worth the price of admission, as is Vilenkins commentary on the state of the universe. Highly recommended. * Luke Barnes, Postdoctoral Researcher at the Sydney Institute for Astronomy, University of Sydney, Australia * About the Author William Lane Craig is a Professor of Philosophy at Talbot School of Theology and at Houston Baptist University, USA. He has authored or edited over forty books, including Theism, Atheism, and Big Bang Cosmology (1995), God, Time, and Eternity (2001) and God Over All (2016), as well as over 150 articles in journals such as The Journal of Philosophy, American Philosophical Quarterly, Philosophical Studies, Philosophy, and British Journal for Philosophy of Science. Paul Copan is the Pledger Family Chair of Philosophy and Ethics at Palm Beach Atlantic University, USA. His past publications include Creation Out of Nothing A Biblical, Philosophical, and Scientific Exploration (with William Lane Craig 2004), The Rationality of Theism (co-edited with with Paul K. Moser 2003), The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Religion (co-edited with Chad V. Meister 2007 2nd ed. 2012) and Philosophy of Religion Classic and Contemporary Issues (co-edited with Chad V. Meister 2007). He has authored and edited several other books and contributed essays and written reviews for journals such as The Review of Metaphysics, Faith and Philosophy, Philosophia Christi, and Trinity Journal.