We show the chemistry of photography using silver chloride that we make ourselves from table salt and silver nitrate. Silver chloride has the interesting property that it reacts to light. This photosensitive chemical will decompose into dark silver powder and chlorine. To make it, just mix one gram of silver nitrate made in our previous video ( http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6hPgGV_qAg ) and half a gram of salt in separate quantities of water. Then mix the two solutions with shaking, this forms silver chloride. Then let it stand for five minutes. This will cause the silver chloride to settle to the bottom. After five minutes pour off the extra liquid. Spread out the silver in a layer onto a piece of paper. Let it dry in darkness as you don't want the light to expose it before you're ready. Once it is dry, place a stencil or template of something you want "photographed" over the silver chloride. You might want to weigh it down with a piece of glass. When you're ready, shine a strong light onto it for ten minutes or so. The silver chloride will darken in the areas that are exposed to light. Remove the glass and template and you will have a negative photo of what you placed over it. The image won't keep forever, eventually the whole thing will darken. ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8e0-AbwBDYM

In this video, we explore the process of making potassium permanganate, a valuable oxidant with a striking purple color. Starting with 43g of manganese dioxide, often obtained from greensand filter media, and 25g of potassium chlorate, the chemicals are thoroughly mixed. A can made of iron is chosen as the reaction vessel due to its resistance to the highly corrosive mixture. All reagents are mixed long with 40mL of water and 60g of potassium hydroxide. The can is placed in a furnace and heated to 400 degrees Celsius for several hours. This step involves the oxidation of manganese dioxide to potassium manganate by potassium chlorate, with potassium hydroxide providing essential potassium ions and alkaline conditions. Once cooled and soaked in water, the solid chunks of potassium manganate are retrieved. To convert potassium manganate into potassium permanganate, chlorine gas is used. A chlorine generator comprising 45g of trichloroisocyanuric acid in 100mL water and 75mL of 30% hydrochloric acid is employed to produce chlorine gas, which is then introduced into the potassium manganate flask. The reaction results in potassium permanganate with potassium chloride as a byproduct. Once the reaction is complete, the mixture is vacuum-filtered and then chilled to separate potassium permanganate from potassium chloride and hypochlorite. The potassium permanganate crystals are beautiful black needles. The final yield is approximately 30.7g or 39%, adjusted to 52% considering the purity of the manganese dioxide used. Both crystallizations of potassium permanganate are found to be 99% pure with a 1% margin of error, confirmed through titration. Donate to NurdRage! Through Patreon (preferred): https://www.patreon.com/NurdRage Through Youtube Memberships: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIgKGGJkt1MrNmhq3vRibYA/join Twitter: https://twitter.com/NurdRage Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NurdRage/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nurdrageyoutube/ ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62jzXwn3-G4