DO NOT TIP. This is an unofficial YouTube mirror of CoolWorldsLab (https://youtu.be/pn3euL8Tbfw). If you want to tip CoolWorldsLab please visit https://www.coolworldslab.com/support. Convince CoolWorldsLab to join Odysee! ----------------------------- Is the Universe infinite? Or does it somehow fold in on itself? And if so in what shape? Join us today as explore the size of the Universe. Written and presented by Prof David Kipping, with special thanks to cosmologist Prof Colin Hill for fact checking. You can support our research program and the Cool Worlds Lab at Columbia University: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support Get Stash here! https://teespring.com/stores/cool-worlds-store Thank-you to our supporters T. Widdowson, D. Smith, M. Sloan, L. Sanborn, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday, A. Jones, S. Brownlee, M. Lijoi, Z. Star, T. Zanjonc, C. Wolfred, F. Rebolledo, L. Skov, E. Wilson, M. Elliot, B. Daniluk, J. Patrick-Saunders, M. Forbes, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, V. Alexandrov, L. Macchia, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, H. Jensen, F. Linker, J. Rockett, N. Fredrickson, B. Mlazgar, D. Holland, J. Alexander, E. Hanway, J. Molnar & I. Sandaljian. ::References used:: ► Levin, J. (2001), "Topology and the Cosmic Microwave Background", Phys. Rep., 365, 251: https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0108043 ► de Bernardis et al. (2000), "A Flat Universe from High-Resolution Maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation", Nature, 404, 955: https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0004404v1 ► Bennett et al. (2013), "Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Final Maps and Results", ApJS, 208, 20 https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ApJS..208...20B/abstract ► Planck Collaboration et al. (2020), "Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters", A&A, 641, 60 ► Park, J. (1970), "The concept of transition in quantum mechanics", Fo. of Phys., 1, 23: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970FoPh....1...23P/abstract [also https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.06910] ::Music:: Music licensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], or via Creative Commons (CC) Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), or with permission from the artist ► Joachim Heinrich - Y ► Falls - Ripley ► Falls - Life in Binary ► Chris Zabriskie - Neptune Flux 1 ► Chris Zabriskie - Cylinder Four ► Chris Zabriskie - Cylinder Five ► Stephen Keech - Fable ► Painted Deserts - Shimmer ► Brad Hill - Fragmented [https://open.spotify.com/track/39M7ddbgjg1GUVGb4OFLox?si=486c05a6b799440b] ::Video clips used:: ► Zoom out through space by ESO/L. Calçada/M. Kornmesser/spaceengine.org ► Deep field flythrough by ESO/M. Swinbank/Instit. Comp. Cosmology/Durham U ► JWST animations by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center ► Jupiter telescope images by J. W. Astronomy ► Parallax demonstration by ESA/Gaia/DPAC ► Galaxy merger animation by ESO/M. Kornmesser ► Expanding universe animation by M. Kornmesser/L. Calcada/NASA/ESA/Hubble ► Cosmological simulation by K. Dolag/Deutsches Museum/Universe Cluster ► Planck mission animation by ESA ► Expanding horizon animation by ESA/www.worldwidetelescope.org ► Recombination clip I by R. Kaehler/M. Alvarez/Tom Abel/KIPAC/CITA/Stanford ► Recombination clip II by ESO/L. Calcada ► WMAP animation by NASA/WMAP Science Team ► Planck animation by ESA ► Janna Levin footage by The Aspen Institute ► Snake footage by Matthias L ► Pacman footage by Old Classic Retro Gaming ► 2-torus animation by V. Borrelli/S. Jabrane/F. Lazarus/D. Rohmer/B. Thibert: http://hevea-project.fr/ENPageToreImages.html ► Multiverse animation by Science Time ::Quotes used:: ► Intro quote from Prof. Janna Levin ► Outro quote taken from "The Laughing Heart" by Charles Bukowski ::Film/TV clips used:: ► Ad Astra (2019) - 20th Century Fox ► Agora (2009) - Newmarket Films ► The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (2007) - Warners Bros. Pictures ► Cosmos (1980) - PBS ► A Beautiful Mind (2001) - Universal Pictures ► Passengers (2016) - Sony Pictures Releasing ► Interstellar (2014) - Paramount Pictures ► The Time Machine (2002) - DreamWorks Pictures ► Logan (2017) - 20th Century Fox ► Vanilla Sky (2001) - Paramount Pictures ► The Theory of Everything (2014) - Focus Features ► Prometheus (2012) - 20th Century Fox ► Oblivion (2013) - Universal Pictures ► Star Trek: The Next Generation - Paramount ► Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017) - Walt Disney Studio Motion Pictures ► The Matrix (1999) - Warner Bros. ► Somewhere in Time (1980) - Universal Pictures ► Into the Wild (2007) - Paramount Vantage ► Charlie St. Cloud (2010) - Universal Pictures ► The Grey (2011) - Open Road Films ► The English Patient (1996) - Miramax Films ► Her (2013) - Warner Bros. Pictures ► Arrival (2016) - Paramount Pictures ► Avengers: Endgame (2019) - Walt Disney Studio Motion Pictures ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab www.coolworldslab.com Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping THANKS FOR WATCHING!! #InfiniteUniverse #HowBigIsTheUniverse #CoolWorlds

DO NOT TIP. This is an unofficial YouTube mirror of CoolWorldsLab (https://youtu.be/6Oq2sAcp9_s). If you want to tip CoolWorldsLab please visit https://www.coolworldslab.com/support. Convince CoolWorldsLab to join Odysee! ----------------------------- ::Resources:: ► #ShutDownAcademia #ShutDownSTEM #Stike4BlackLives homepage: https://www.shutdownstem.com ► This Google Drive folder contains resources and reading on systemic racism: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/10-sqmyDKIN1FK_RKOd7Anzm4E0jlnUnz ► Resources to learn about systemic and structural racism specifically here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17ctVFeXJwJwtOa7ogZ0oEiVhpH7zQQwoRdIJ6XvEM_Y/edit ► Additional resources: https://biglink.to/blmresources ► 8 ways the police can reduce deaths: https://8cantwait.org ► Petitions you can sign in support of Black Lives: https://biglink.to/blmpetitions ► Ways you can donate to support #BlackLivesMatter: https://biglink.to/blmdonations #ShutDownAcademia #Stike4BlackLives #BlackLivesMatter

DO NOT TIP. This is an unofficial YouTube mirror of CoolWorldsLab (https://youtu.be/g2iC-9M3W54). If you want to tip CoolWorldsLab please visit https://www.coolworldslab.com/support. Convince CoolWorldsLab to join Odysee! ----------------------------- This week a plot showing the global sea ice over time went viral due to shockingly low levels, smashing previous records. The plot was so weird that we decided to check out the data for ourselves and see if it was legit. Indeed, we can reproduce this alarming plot and provide some links and scripts for any of you who want to go ahead and try yourselves. Here we get into why we think these kinds of weird observations may become more common in the future. ::More about this Video:: ► National Sea and Ice Data Center archive of sea ice extent data: https://nsidc.org/data/docs/noaa/g02135_seaice_index/ ► My Mathematica script used to generate a confirming plot: https://github.com/davidkipping/seaiceextent ► Two of the first tweets publicizing the viral plot, Zach Labe (https://twitter.com/ZLabe/status/798913080168095744) and Eric Holthaus (https://twitter.com/EricHolthaus/status/800067428419940352). ► Wipneus archive of plots: https://sites.google.com/site/arctischepinguin/home/sea-ice-extent-area/grf ► Eric Holthaus blog article about the viral plot: http://tinyletter.com/sciencebyericholthaus/letters/today-in-weather-climate-sea-ice-tipping-point-edition-monday-november-21th ► Guardian article on record Arctic temperatures: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/nov/22/extraordinarily-hot-arctic-temperatures-alarm-scientists ► CNN article on record Arctic temperatures: http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/18/world/sea-ice-arctic-antarctic-lows/ ► Conrath at al. (1970), "The Infrared Interferometer Experiment on Nimbus 3": http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/JC075i030p05831/abstract ► Gavin Schmidt explains "How we know that the Earth's climate is changing": https://youtu.be/mkT7IyUSjq0 ► Video background music by Nick Caville: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iv2WSDMBRxA ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ►http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

DO NOT TIP. This is an unofficial YouTube mirror of CoolWorldsLab (https://youtu.be/vXOYbzQ4jDA). If you want to tip CoolWorldsLab please visit https://www.coolworldslab.com/support. Convince CoolWorldsLab to join Odysee! ----------------------------- Visit our sponsor, Brilliant.org: https://brilliant.org/CoolWorlds The cosmos is littered with blue and red stars... but curiously no green ones. Why? Is this a fundamental constraint or merely an unlikely outcome? And what would it mean for humanity if we ever did detect a green star? Join us today as we explore this simple question with major implications. Written & presented by Prof David Kipping → Support our research program: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support → Get Stash here! https://teespring.com/stores/cool-worlds-store THANK-YOU to our supporters D. Smith, M. Sloan, L. Sanborn, C. Bottaccini, D. Daughaday,A. Jones, S. Brownlee, G. Fulton, N. Kildal, M. Lijoi, Z. Star, E. West, T. Zanjonc, C. Wolfred, F. Rebolledo, L. Skov, E. Wilson, A. de Vaal, M. Elliott, B. Daniluk, M. Forbes, S. Vystoropskyi, S. Lee, Z. Danielson, C. Fitzgerald, V. Alexandrov, L. Macchia, C. Souter, M. Gillette, T. Jeffcoat, H. Jensen, F. Linker, J. Rockett, N. Fredrickson, B. Mlazgar, D. Holland, J. Alexander, E. Hanway, J. Molnar, D. Murphree, S. Hannum, T. Donkin, K. Myers, A. Schoen, K. Dabrowski, J. Black, R. Ramezankhani, J. Armstrong, K. Weber, S. Marks, L. Robinson, F. van Exter, S. Roulier, M. Hammer, J. Swigo & A. Murphy. ::Music:: Music licensed via Creative Commons (CC) Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ► Brad Hill - Of Love and Loss [https://open.spotify.com/album/2oDAnUfX0OYYOnuIToAEcX] ► Joachim Heinrich - Cassiopeia ► Falls - Life in Binary ► Chris Zabriskie - Cylinder Five ► Falls - Ripley ► Indive - Trace Correction ::Film/TV clips used:: ► Contact (1997) - Warner Bros. Pictures ► Avengers: Endgame (2019) - Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures ::Chapters:: 00:00 Prologue 00:59 The Dearth of Green Stars 05:25 Sponsorship 06:28 The Blackbody Approximation 10:51 Entering the Multiverse 13:04 The Viridian Flash 14:46 A Green Technosignature 18:37 Concluding Remarks 19:27 Outro and credits #NoGreenStars #Technosignatures #CoolWorlds