Serenade for Strings in E major, Op. 22 - Antonín Dvořák
Serenade for Strings in E major, Op. 22 by Antonín Dvořák
Dvořák completed this serenade in 1875 at the age of 34. At the time, Dvořák was working as the organist at St. Adalbert's Church Hall in Prague. The meagre salary from this position meant that Dvořák and his wife Anna had to live in a share lodging house with 5 other men. While Dvořák had begun to establish a reputation in Prague for his talent, he was eager to find an opportunity find a wider European audience.
In 1874, Dvořák applied for the Austrian State Prize ("Stipendium") for composition. This was a grant by the government of Austro-Hungarian Empire to provide financial support to composers in need throughout the Empire. The jury for the 1874 prize (which included the renowned composer Johannes Brahms) deemed Dvořák the clear winner, both for the quality of the work submitted as well as the sheer quantity (15 separate compositions including two symphonies, several overtures, and a song cycle).
The grant was awarded in February of 1875. The additional support provided by the grant would encourage Dvořák to diversify his output, with his Serenade for Strings Op. 22 being one such example. Correspondence from Dvořák at the time indicates he completed the serenade in only two weeks. The premiere performance was given in December of 1876 in Prague.
The work is comprised of five movements: I. Moderato 00:00 II. Tempo di Valse 04:09 III. Scherzo: Vivace 10:23 IV. Larghetto 15:44 V. Finale: Allegro vivace 21:06
Miserere mei, Deus ‘Have mercy on me, O God’ by Gregorio Allegri
Italian composer Gregorio Allegri most likely completed this adaptation of Psalm 51 in the 1630’s. The work was for the exclusive use of the Sistine Chapel choir during the Holy Week. It is an a cappella for two choirs with either four or five voices depending on the adaptation.
The work was closely guarded by the church, with only three approved copes of the work being distributed until the 18th century. In 1770 the fourteen-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart heard this work during the Wednesday Service.
According to family letters, Mozart copied the music to manuscript correctly, and was later acknowledged by Pope Clement XIV for this musical ability and given the Order of the Golden Spur.
Symphony No. 9 in C major, D. 944 ‘The Great C major’ by Franz Schubert
Schubert completed his 9th symphony in 1826. There is contradictory evidence regarding the first performance of the work, with some correspondence suggesting there was an informal performance as early as 1827. The first confirmed public performance did not take place until 1839, eleven years after the death of Schubert.
The reason for the delayed premiere is partially due to the limited funds Schubert had when completing the work in 1826. As Schubert could not afford to organise the performance himself, he sold the manuscript to the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Wien (Society for Friends of Music in Vienna). Another reason the symphony did not have an immediate premiere is the length and difficulty of the work, considered beyond the abilities of an amateur orchestra.
It was in 1838 that Robert Schumann would visit Vienna, and be shown the manuscript of the 9th symphony at the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde. He was so impressed with the work he took a copy with him back to Leipzig where the premiere would be given in March of 1839 with the composer Felix Mendelssohn conducting.
The subtitle ‘The Great C major’ is due to the length of the symphony (which is longer than most) and to differentiate it from the 6th symphony which was also in C major.
The work is comprised of four movements:
I. Andante 00:00 – Allegro ma non-troppo 04:21 – Più moto 12:39
II. Andante con moto 14:41
III. Scherzo. Allegro vivace 30:34
IV. Finale. Allegro vivace 41:31
Calling all Workers by Eric Coates
This piece was composed by Coates in 1943 in honour of the staff at the Red Cross depot where his wife Phyllis Coates volunteered to help the war effort.
Concerto for Flute, Harp, and Orchestra in C Major, K. 299/297c by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Composed in 1778 while Mozart was living in Paris. At the time, the harp was still relatively new to the orchestra and featuring the instrument in this fashion was unusual. Mozart was commissioned for this work by duke Adrien-Louis de Bonnières, duc de Guînes, and the duke’s daughter Marie-Louise Philippine. The duke was a talented flautist and his daughter was taking lessons for the harp.
The work is comprised of three movements:
I. Allegro
II. Andantino
III. Rondeau – Allegro
Cavalleria rusticana: Intermezzo by Pietro Mascagni
Pietro Mascagni composed his opera ‘Cavalleria rusticana’ (rustic chivalry) in 1890. It is based on the dramatic adaptation of a short story by playwright Giovanni Verga. The work premiered at the Teatro Constanzi in Rome in May of 1890. This Intermezzo is in the latter half of this single act opera.
The Thieving Magpie: Overture by Gioachino Rossini
Rossini completed his opera ‘The Thieving Magpie’ in 1817, with the premiere performance being given in May the same year at La Scala Theatre in Milan. The opera is based on the play ‘La Pie voleuse’ by French playwright Jean-Marie-Théodore Baudouin and Louis-Charles Caigniez.
Brandenburg Concerto No.5 in D major, BWV. 1050 by Johann Sebastian Bach
Bach completed his ‘six concertos for multiple instruments’ in 1721 as a dedication to Christian Ludwig, the Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt. The term ‘Brandenburg concertos’ is due to the principality of the Margrave, not the nature of the concertos themselves.
This concerto comprised of three movements:
I. Allegro
II. Affettuoso
III. Allegro
Concerto Grosso Op. 6, No. 8 in G minor, ‘Christmas Concerto’ by Arcangelo Corelli
Italian composer Arcangelo Corelli completed his collection of 12 concerti in the 1680’s. The works are in concerti grossi style, with two violins and a cello with an additional sting group providing the continuo accompaniment.
This work is comprised of five movements:
I. Vivace – Grave
II. Allegro
III. Adagio – Allegro – Adagio
IV. Vivace
V. Allegro - Pastorale: Largo
The Master-Singers of Nuremburg, WWV. 96. Prelude by Richard Wagner
Wagner completed his opera ‘The Master-Singers of Nuremburg” in 1867, with the premiere performance being given in June 1868 at the Königliches Hof- und National-Theater. The opera is based on the work of German historian Georg Gottfried Gervinus’, as well as events from the life of Wagner himself.