Author: S. H. Steinberg File Type: pdf A concise and scholarly but entertaining account of the relation between printing and civilization. British Printer.This highly readable survey traces the history of printing with movable type from its 15th-century beginnings in Gutenbergs workshop to the technical advances of the 20th century. Observations on type design, book production, bestsellers, censorship, and other topics explore associations between printing and education, language, and literature. S. H. Steinbergs classic study begins with the creative century, from 1450 to 1550, which witnessed the invention and origins of practically every single feature that characterizes modern printing. A look at the era of consolidation follows, noting additional developments and refinements. The final section examines the 19th century and its era of mechanization, which began with the invention of lithography and ended with William Morriss rediscovery of the Middle Ages. The book concludes with the radical innovations of the 20th century, ranging from new methods of production and distribution to the changing habits of producers and readers.

Author: Brunella Antomarini File Type: pdf The aim of Thinking through Error The Moving Target of Knowledge is to describe knowledge as it works in our everyday attitude and behavior. Often in life, when making decisions and choices, we do not need to test the truth of our beliefs, so there must be another way to guide ourselves. With this in mind, Antomarini presents thinking through error instead of excluding error. That is, we act through a slow process of guess-work, followed by quick gestures. By using our own uncertainty and our exploratory abilities, we face unpredictable situations and at the same time we acknowledge the constant presence of error in our thinking. Every decision we make continuously determines and replaces an entire universe within which that decision is plausible. Our everyday knowledge is a balance between a feeling of the truth and its negation. **Review In Thinking Through Error, Professor Antomarini seeks to free our thought from self-pre-empting truths truths that depend upon our making invidious comparisons with error. Antomarini redefines error as a mental act that is pre-requisite to our engaging experience as a compelling voyage of discovery. She makes a convincing case for claiming that the knowledge we gain by risking knowledge of the truth re-invigorates philosophical inquiry in general. Her risky speculations enhance the prospects for human creativity both within and without the realm of the aesthetic. This is a book with broad interdisciplinary appeal for anyone who has contemplated the possibility that error might be a pathway to knowledge rather than an impediment to knowledge. (Alan Singer, director, secondary education social studies department of teaching, literacy and leadership, Hofstra University, New York) Thinking Through Error is a vital and original work. Studying our gestures of knowing, and exploring how we can observe patterns emergent in irregular phenomena, Brunella Antomarini reveals the many ways error is a stimulus to thought. Her case studies range from Catherine of Sienas theological politics to recent developments in chaos theory. Error is central, Antomarini shows, to the enormous wealth of information, both visible and invisible, observable and intuited, that we bring to the everyday world. In the end she indicates how that world is made for us and not in spite of us. (Susan Stewart, Princeton University) About the Author Brunella Antomarini teaches contemporary philosophy and aesthetics at John Cabot University, Rome. Among her latest books are Lerrore del Maestro (Derive Approdi, Roma 2006) and Pensare con Lerrore (Codice Edizioni, Torino 2007).