The-Most-Disciplined-Man-in-History_Titus-Manlius-Torquatus
Titus Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus was a famous politician and general of the Roman Republic, of the old gens Manlia. He had an outstanding career, being consul three times, in 347, 344, and 340 BC, and dictator three times, in 353, 349, and 320 BC. He was one of the early heroes of the Republic, alongside Cincinnatus, Cornelius Cossus, Furius Camillus, and Valerius Corvus.
He was also known for his moral virtues, especially his severity as he had his own son executed for disobeying orders in a battle. His life was seen as a model for his descendants, who tried to emulate his heroic deeds, even centuries after his death.
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Intro (0:00)
Sponsor (1:43)
Making of a legend (2:52)
Primary sources:
Liv. vii. 4, 5,10,19, 26-28, viii. 3-12 ,
Cic. de Off. iii. 31, de Fin. i. 7, ii. 19, 22, Tusc. iv. 22;
Val. Máx. vi. 9. § 1, I. 7. § 3, II. 7 . § 6;
Gell. I. 13;
Dio. Fragm. 34, p. 16, Reim.;
Aurel. Vict. de Vir. III. 28.
Secondary sources & suggested readings:
Zhmodikov, A. 2000. Roman Republican Heavy Infantrymen in Battle (IV-II Centuries B.C.). Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Bd. 49, H. 1 (1st Qtr., 2000), pp. 67-78.
Sabin, P. 2000. The Face of Roman Battle. The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 90, 2000, pp. 1-17.
Sabin, P., Van Wees, H., Whitby, M. (eds.). 2008. The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare Volume I: Greece, The Hellenistic World and the Rise of Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Erdkamp, Paul. 2007. A Companion to the Roman Army. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Cowan, R. 2017. For the Glory of Rome: A history of warriors and warfare. Barnsley: Frontline Books.
Armstrong, J. y M. P. Fronda. 2020. Romans at War: Soldiers, Citizens and Society in the Roman Republic. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Armstrong, J. 2013. “Bands of Brothers”: Warfare and Fraternity in Early Rome. JAH, 1 (1) (2013): pp. 53-69.
Oakley, S. P. “Single Combat in the Roman Republic”: The Classical Quarterly, New Series, Vol. 35, No. 2 (1985), pp. 392-410.
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