Hallowed Stewards: Solon and the Sacred Treasurers of Ancient Athens
Author: William S. Bubelis File Type: pdf Students of ancient Athenian politics, governance, and religion have long stumbled over the rich evidence of inscriptions and literary texts that document the Athenians stewardship of the wealth of the gods. Likewise, Athens was well known for devoting public energy and funds to all matters of ritual, ranging from the building of temples to major religious sacrifices. Yet, lacking any adequate account of how the Athenians organized that commitment, much less how it arose and developed, ancient historians and philologists alike have labored with only a paltry understanding of what was a central concern to the Athenians themselves. That deficit of knowledge, in turn, has constrained and diminished our grasp of other essential questions surrounding Athenian society and its history, such as the nature of political life in archaic Athens, and the forces underlying Athens imperial finances. Hallowed Stewards closely examines those magistracies that were central to Athenian religious efforts, and which are best described as sacred treasurers. Given the extensive but fragmentary evidence available to us, which consists mainly of inscriptions but includes such texts as the ps.-Aristotelian Constitution of the Athenians, no catalog-like approach to these offices could properly encompass their details, much less their wider significance. By situating the sacred treasurers within a broader religious and historical framework, Hallowed Stewards not only provides an incisive portrait of the treasurers themselves but also elucidates how sacred property and public finance alike developed in ancient Athens.**About the Author William S. Bubelis is Associate Professor of Classics, Washington University in St. Louis.
Author: W. L. Wilmshurst
File Type: pdf
Contents Masonry and Religion From Darkness to Light Initiation, Real and Ceremonial, The Purpose of the Mysteries, The Ideal Lodge Light on the Way, The Knowledge of Yourself, The G, The Ladder, The Superstructure, The Cable-Tow, The Apron, The Wind, Seeking a Master, Wages, The Law of the Mount Fulness of Light, Observations and Examples, Apocalypsis The Past and Future of the Masonic Order. Freemasons, this book should be in your Masonic library!
Author: Ned Joel Block
File Type: pdf
This volume of Ned Blocks writings collects his papers on consciousness, functionalism, and representationism. A number of these papers treat the significance of the multiple realizability of mental states for the mind-body problem -- a theme that has concerned Block since the 1960s. One paper on this topic considers the upshot for the mind-body problem of the possibility of a robot that is functionally like us but physically different -- as is Commander Data of Star Treks second generation. The papers on consciousness treat such conceptual issues as phenomenal versus access consciousness, Dennetts theory of consciousness, and the function of consciousness, as well as such empirical matters as How Not to Find the Neural Correlate of Consciousness, and (in an expanded version of a paper originally in Trends in Cognitive Sciences) an argument that there are distinct neural correlates for access consciousness and phenomenal consciousness. Turning to the mind-body problem, Block defends physicalism against Max Blacks argument concerning phenomenal modes of presentation. The papers on representationism consider mental paint as well as the Inverted Earth thought experiment -- a world in which colors are reversed but there is a compensating reversal in the words that are used to describe them.Consciousness, Function, and Representation, bringing together papers that have appeared primarily in journals and conference proceedings, can be regarded as Blocks most complete statement of his positions on consciousness.**
Author: Stephen R. L. Clark
File Type: pdf
People, as Aristotle said, are political animals. Mainstream political philosophy, however, has largely neglected humankinds animal nature as beings who are naturally equipped, and inclined, to reason and work together, create social bonds and care for their young. Stephen Clark, grounded in biological analysis and traditional ethics, probes into areas ignored in mainstream political theory and argues for the significance of social bonds which bypass or transcend state authority.Understanding the ties that bind us reveals how enormously capable we are in achieving civil order as a species. Stephen Clark advocates that a properly informed political philosophy must take into account the role of women, children, animals, minorities and the domestic virtues at large. Living and comnducting our political lives like the animals we are is a more congenial prospect than is usually supposed.ReviewThe Political Animal shows the very great interest that a biologicalethological approach to politics can have. It is an extremely-thought-provoking study, a valuable contribution to political theory.Cora Diamond, University of VirginiaNobody has thought harder than Stephen Clark about what political philosophy would look like if it took animals seriously. He is concerned with two projects including in our politics the treatment of other animals, and acknowledging the fact that we humans are animals and so may better flourish in a society suitable for the animals that we are. Unlike many across the political spectrum, he is aware that these projects are linked..-Seth Crook, *Social Theory and Practice*Stephen Clarks book is immensely welcome . . . He gives a fresh and most useful slant to a whole range of apparently familiar topics--anarchism, nationalism, environmentalism, slavery, and above all perhaps the meaning of family. Read him.Mary Midgley, author of *Beast and Man*Stephen Clark is like a mini-holiday from the mundane and the predictable . . . This book is a delight.Bernard E. Rollin, Colorado State UniversityAbout the AuthorStephen R. L. Clark is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Liverpool. He is the author of Animals and Their Moral Standing (Routledge 1997). People, as Aristotle said, are political animals. Mainstream political philosophy, however, has largely neglected humankinds animal nature as beings who are naturally equipped, and inclined, to reason and work together, create social bonds and care for their young. Stephen Clark, grounded in biological analysis and traditional ethics, probes into areas ignored in mainstream political theory and argues for the significance of social bonds which bypass or transcend state authority. Understanding the ties that bind us reveals how enormously capable we are in achieving civil order as a species. Stephen Clark advocates that a properly informed political philosophy must take into account the role of women, children, animals, minorities and the domestic virtues at large. Living and comnducting our political lives like the animals we are is a more congenial prospect than is usually supposed.
Author: Romke Jan van Der Veen
File Type: pdf
The Transformation of Solidarity Changing Risks and the Future of the Welfare State investigates the consequences of processes of social individualisation and economic globalisation for welfare state solidarity. Solidarity is defined as the willingness to share risks. The institutions of the welfare state, such as social security or health care insurance, are founded on the willingness of citizens to share risks and organise solidarity between the young and the old, between the healthy and the sick, between the working and the unemployed. Processes of individualisation and globalisation affect these risks and in this study the authors investigate how and to what extent these changes influence the way risks are perceived by the public, what this means for the willingness to share risks and how this is translated in risk management strategies in firms, unions and administrative agencies.--back cover.
Author: James K. Chandler
File Type: pdf
More than any other period of British literature, Romanticism is strongly identified with a single genre. Romantic poetry has been one of the most enduring, best loved, most widely read and most frequently studied genres for two centuries and remains no less so today. This Companion offers a comprehensive overview and interpretation of the poetry of the period in its literary and historical contexts. The essays consider its metrical, formal, and linguistic features its relation to history its influence on other genres its reflections of empire and nationalism, both within and outside the British Isles and the various implications of oral transmission and the rapid expansion of print culture and mass readership. Attention is given to the work of less well-known or recently rediscovered authors, alongside the achievements of some of the greatest poets in the English language Wordsworth, Coleridge, Blake, Scott, Burns, Keats, Shelley, Byron and Clare. More than any other period of British literature, Romanticism is strongly identified with a single genre. Romantic poetry has been one of the most enduring, best loved, most widely read and most frequently studied genres for two centuries and remains no less so today. This Companion offers a comprehensive overview and interpretation of the poetry of the period in its literary and historical contexts. The essays consider its metrical, formal, and linguistic features its relation to history its influence on other genres its reflections of empire and nationalism, both within and outside the British Isles and the various implications of oral transmission and the rapid expansion of print culture and mass readership. Attention is given to the work of less well-known or recently rediscovered authors, alongside the achievements of some of the greatest poets in the English language Wordsworth, Coleridge, Blake, Scott, Burns, Keats, Shelley, Byron and Clare.ReviewThe Cambridge Companion series has been a very successful venture, presenting readers with handy, up-to-date collections of specially commissioned essays by leading scholars on a wide range of authors and topics. Australian Book Review Book DescriptionThis Companion offers a comprehensive overview and interpretation of Romantic poetry in its literary and historical contexts. Attention is given to the work of less well-known or recently rediscovered authors, alongside some of the greatest poets in the English language Wordsworth, Coleridge, Blake, Scott, Burns, Keats, Shelley, Byron and Clare.
Author: Arthur M. Melzer
File Type: epub
Philosophical esotericismthe practice of communicating ones unorthodox thoughts between the lineswas a common practice until the end of the eighteenth century. The famous Encyclopedie of Diderot, for instance, not only discusses this practice in over twenty different articles, but admits to employing it itself. The history of Western thought contains hundreds of such statements by major philosophers testifying to the use of esoteric writing in their own work or others. Despite this long and well-documented history, however, esotericism is often dismissed today as a rare occurrence. But by ignoring esotericism, we risk cutting ourselves off from a full understanding of Western philosophical thought.Arthur M. Melzer serves as our deeply knowledgeable guide in this capacious and engaging history of philosophical esotericism. Walking readers through both an ancient (Plato) and a modern (Machiavelli) esoteric work, he explains what esotericism isand is not. It relies not on secret codes, but simply on a more intensive use of familiar rhetorical techniques like metaphor, irony, and insinuation. Melzer explores the various motives that led thinkers in different times and places to engage in this strange practice, while also exploring the motives that lead more recent thinkers not only to dislike and avoid this practice but to deny its very existence. In the books final section, A Beginners Guide to Esoteric Reading, Melzer turns to how we might once again cultivate the long-forgotten art of reading esoteric works. Philosophy Between the Lines is the first comprehensive, book-length study of the history and theoretical basis of philosophical esotericism, and it provides a crucial guide to how many major writingsphilosophical, but also theological, political, and literarywere composed prior to the nineteenth century.**
Author: Sheila Jeffreys
File Type: pdf
The sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s is remembered as a time of great freedom for women. But did the sexual revolution have the same goals as the Womens Liberation Movement? Was it truly liberation for women or just another insidious form of oppression? In this provocative book, Shelia Jeffreys argues that sexual freedom sometimes directly opposed actual freedom for women. Anticlimax traces sexual mores and attitudes from the 1950s to the 1990s, exploring the nature of both straight and gay relationships and offering original and compelling commentary on Lolita, Naked Lunch, The Joy of Sex, The MastersJohnson report, and other representations in the literature on sexuality. At the root of sexual liberation, Sheila Jeffreys finds an increasing eroticisation of power differences within heterosexual, lesbian and gay communities. Her alternative vision of sexual relations based on equality is a major statement in the debates over sex and violence that remain relevant in discussions about the Slutwalks, sexualisation of girls and the pervasiveness of porn culture.
Author: Charles Carlton
File Type: pdf
Shakespeare was not exaggerating when he defined being a soldier as one of the seven ages of man. Over the early modern period, many millions of young men from the four corners of thepresent United Kingdom went to war, oftenand most bloodilyagainst each other. The almost continuous fighting on land and sea for the two and one-half centuries between Bosworth and Culloden decimated lives, but created the British state and forged the nation as the worlds predominant power.In this innovative and moving book, Charles Carlton explores the glorious and terrible impact of war at the national and individual levels. Chapters alternate, providing a robust military and political narrative interlaced with accounts illuminating the personal experience of war, from recruitment to the end of battle in discharge or death. Carlton expertly charts the remarkable military developments over the period, as well as wars enduring corollariescamaraderie, courage, fear, and griefto give a powerful account of the profound effect of war on the British Isles and its peoples.ReviewCarlton ranges from the broad view to the personal and examines nearly every aspect of British warfare during this period, but he never becomes so bogged down in the details as to lose the reader. Very readable, packed with details and abundant endnotes, this is a fine addition to British military and naval history.D.M. Hall, Choice(D.M. Hall Choice ) About the AuthorCharles Carlton is professor emeritus of history at North Carolina State University.