0:00:00 Opus parallel corpus 0:01:30 Selecting data 0:02:40 Chinese punctuation 0:04:30 Hindi punctuation 0:05:30 Downloading data 0:08:00 Packaging data 0:17:00 Working on argostrain.dataset 1:08:20 Generating data
In this video we will be discussing a contamination theory of the obesity epidemic, which is the theory that the large increase in obesity seen in the industrialized world since 1950 is largely caused by contaminants in our food and water.
There has been a very dramatic increase in obesity since the 1950s that has accelerated since 1970. In the 1800s the average U.S. man weighed 155lbs (70kg) while today in 2021 he weighs 195lbs (88kg). One possible explanation is that we evolved for an environment without widely available high calorie food, and now eat too much of them. However, in my opinion the evidence better supports contamination as a larger cause.
Modern hunter gatherers eat a wide range of diets, often without much variety, and consistently have healthy weights. Some eat large amounts of carbs, others proteins and fats, but they don’t have anywhere near the level of obesity seen in industrialized countries today. Additionally, immigrants to the United States from less industrialized countries generally have lower rates of obesity when they arrive, but become more obese while living in America. The obesity epidemic isn’t just in humans either, wild animals, lab animals, and zoo animals have all gotten fatter even under controlled lab or zoo conditions.
Obesity can be induced in lab rats by feeding them a diet of highly processed and palatable human food.
Notably higher altitudes are correlated with lower rates of obesity. One possible explanation for this correlation is that contaminants build up in the water supply as they flow downstream.
Comparing the rates of obesity geographically in the United States, obesity increases as you follow the Mississippi watershed from the mountains in Colorado, with one of the lowest obesity rates, to the Mississippi’s mouth in Louisiana, one of the most obese states in the nation.
Many believe that carbs or sugar cause obesity, however U.S. carbs and sugar intake have decreased since 2000 while obesity has continued to increase.
The question then is what contaminants could be causing this? There are a number of theories including Lithium, livestock antibiotics, PFAS chemicals in industrial use, Glyphosate in herbicides, or a combination of contaminants. We would expect the relevant contaminants to have increased since 1950, and dramatically increased since 1970. Lithium fits this description, and is known to cause obesity when ingested in sufficient quantity, but there isn’t conclusive evidence for any individual contaminant.
If this is true then what can be done? Since it isn’t known exactly what is causing the obesity epidemic it’s hard to say, but trying to reduce likely contaminants is probably a good strategy. Highly processed food is designed by food manufacturers to be addictive, causes obesity in lab rats, and potentially picks up more contamination with more processing. Replacing processed foods with unprocessed ones like potatoes, fruits, vegetables, and nuts would likely reduce contamination among other health benefits. Contaminants could also bioaccumulate in animals so eating less or higher quality meat may reduce contaminants, and vegetarians currently have lower obesity rates then the general public. Drinking distilled or purified water or getting water from a high elevation close to it’s source could reduce potential contaminants in drinking water. Finally, living in an area with a lower obesity rate could reduce contaminants and socially expose you to healthier habits.
For more information I recommend reading Slime Mold Time Mold’s writings on this subject, which curates the current research in a digestible format.
https://slimemoldtimemold.com
Translating tags at inference with tag injection in Argos Translate.
Links:
https://github.com/argosopentech/argos-translate
https://github.com/argosopentech/translate-html
https://github.com/argosopentech/argos-translate/commit/56db272d775794d7fac2c0ae547100a899dc9067
https://www.argosopentech.com
https://forum.opennmt.net/t/suggestions-for-translating-xml/4409/6
https://github.com/argosopentech/argos-translate/discussions/100
Creative Commons CC0
The “Dining Philosophers” problem is an example problem to demonstrate concurrent algorithm design.
A group of philosophers sit around a table and alternate between thinking and eating using the forks on their left and right. The forks represent a shared resource between the pair of philosophers on either side of them. Philosophers need both forks to eat and only one philosopher can use a fork at a time.
If the philosophers were to simply take forks as they needed them a situation could occur where a circle of philosophers are each holding one fork and waiting on another philosopher to give up a fork. This is referred to as a “deadlock”.
A simple solution to this problem is to add a waiter, who represents a lock, that the philosophers need exclusive access to before picking up either of their forks. Once a philosopher has exclusive access to the waiter’s attention they have that attention until the philosopher has successfully picked up both forks. When a philosopher has exclusive access to the waiter they will succeed in picking up their forks either because both forks are available, and no other philosophers have the waiter's attention, or they will wait with the waiter’s attention for the philosophers on either side of them to give up their forks.
This solution of using a central arbitrator to manage access prevents a circular cycle of philosophers holding one fork while waiting on another philosopher for their other fork that causes a deadlock. This solution is fair because all of the philosophers have equal access to the waiter. However, it can be inefficient because philosophers have to wait for the waiter even when both of their forks are available.
Reference:
Dining philosophers image: bdesham - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:An_illustration_of_the_dining_philosophers_problem.png
In this video I train a custom language model for translation using Argos Train. This model can then be used with OpenNMT, Argos Translate, or LibreTranslate.
https://github.com/argosopentech/argos-train
Steps:
1. Download and package custom data
2. Rent a GPU from Vast.ai
3. Run Argos Train
4. Download trained model
In this video we will cover the “Dining Philosophers” problem.
The “Dining Philosophers” problem is an example problem to demonstrate concurrent algorithm design.
A group of philosophers sit around a table and alternate between thinking and eating using the forks on their left and right. The forks represent a shared resource between the pair of philosophers on either side of them. Philosophers need both forks to eat and only one philosopher can use a fork at a time.
If the philosophers were to simply take forks as they needed them a situation could occur where a circle of philosophers are each holding one fork and waiting on another philosopher to give up a fork. This is referred to as a “deadlock”.
A simple solution to this problem is to add a waiter, who represents a lock, that the philosophers need exclusive access to before picking up either of their forks. Once a philosopher has exclusive access to the waiter’s attention they have that attention until the philosopher has successfully picked up both forks. When a philosopher has exclusive access to the waiter they will succeed in picking up their forks either because both forks are available, and no other philosophers have the waiter's attention, or they will wait with the waiter’s attention for the philosophers on either side of them to give up their forks.
This solution of using a central arbitrator to manage access prevents a circular cycle of philosophers holding one fork while waiting on another philosopher for their other fork that causes a deadlock. This solution is fair because all of the philosophers have equal access to the waiter. However, it can be inefficient because philosophers have to wait for the waiter even when both of their forks are available.
Reference:
Dining philosophers image: bdesham - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:An_illustration_of_the_dining_philosophers_problem.png
"How to Find Your Latitude Using Polaris" by Household Science Projects
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Onh6cNj5-E
The entire globe is covered by a human made grid of latitude and longitude, latitude shows how far north or south you are, and longitude shows how eastern or western you are. This system allows every single point on earth to have a unique set of coordinate. For example Manhattan is Latitude: N 40° 47.986585' Longitude: W 73° 57.350464' in this experiment you will only be able to accurately determine the first number in the latitude so if you were doing this from Manhattan you would find that Polaris is 40° above the horizon. This method and others like it using the sun and stars were the way people had to navigate until the invention of the GPS.
*Warning* You can only do this experiment in the northern hemisphere because in the southern hemisphere Polaris will be below the horizon.
For help finding Polaris go to http://www.skymaponline.net/
To find actual longitude and latitude go to http://www.findlatitudeandlongitude.com/
Produced in 2014 using iMovie
GLM-130B is an open bilingual (English & Chinese) bidirectional dense model with 130 billion parameters, pre-trained using the General Language Model (GLM) algorithm1. It is designed to support inference tasks with the 130B parameters on a single A100 (40G * 8) or V100 (32G * 8) server. As of July 3rd, 2022, GLM-130B has been trained on over 400 billion text tokens (200B each for Chinese and English)
http://keg.cs.tsinghua.edu.cn/glm-130b/posts/glm-130b/
https://huggingface.co/spaces/THUDM/GLM-130B
https://github.com/THUDM/GLM-130B
https://community.libretranslate.com/t/glm-130b-an-open-bilingual-pre-trained-model/476/