Running Circles Around Circles: Part 5: Epicycloid Proof
In this video I go over Part 5 of the Laboratory Project titled Running Circles Around Circles and this time derive the parametric equations for an Epicycloid. An epicycloid is a curve formed by the path a point on a circle takes as it rotates around the OUTSIDE of another fixed circle. This is similar to a hypocycloid, which I covered in Parts 1 to 5, but for a hypocycloid the circle rotates around the INSIDE of the fixed circle. The derivation for the parametric equations for the epicycloid is also very similar to that for the hypocycloid. In the derivation I set up two right angle triangles in order to apply basic trigonometry to obtain the coordinates of the point on the outer circle.
The derivation also involves using the definition of arc length, as well as simplifying the final equations by first deriving the trig identities for sin(π-x) and cos(π-x). Although the derivation gets a bit messy because of the many angles and trigonometric ratios, it is definitely worth following the video very closely to see how distances can be derived using trigonometry. So make sure to watch this video, and watch it slowly!
"This video is UPLOADED WITH PERMISSION from the YouTube Channel titled Kraut and Tea (Original Upload and Permission for anyone to upload and monetize it: https://youtu.be/JLrS3UopPF8).
This video by Kraut and Tea illustrates the recent scandal, known as #PewDieGate, pushed by the Mainstream Media, firstly by the Wall Street Journal (WSJ), and then many other outlets in what seemed to be a well-coordinated and systematic effort to discredit, defund, and defame the most popular YouTuber in the world, Felix Arvid Ulf Kjellberg, otherwise known as PewDiePie. The scandal revolves around some very bad jokes in several videos made by PewDiePie regarding how far people will go to for money. The jokes included going on the Fiverr website and seeing how far some people will go for a few bucks. While these jokes are of very bad taste, and in my opinion should never have even been made, the context of which was to see how offensive people could be for a small amount of money.
But this is where the mainstream media, namely the WSJ took things to another level, and in my opinion orchestrated one of the most despicable, disgusting, and downright pathetic attempts in their shaming, silencing, and forced defunding of PewDiePie through deliberate manipulation, distortion, and removal of all context to their hit-piece on Felix, which was syndicated across many mainstream news outlets. For those that had no clue who PewDiePie was, there was only one conclusion to draw from this coordinated effort by “seemingly” trustworthy news outlets, that PewDiePie was "anti-Semitic". But for anyone that knows Felix, or just watches the actual video clips that were taken out of context by the WSJ, know without doubt that nothing could be further from the truth than the disgusting description made by WSJ. This branding and labeling by the MSM forced PewDiePie’s multi-channel network which is he under a contract, Maker Studios, which is also owned by The Walt Disney Company, to cut all ties with Felix. Furthermore, Google also dropped him from their Google Preferred advertising program and canceled his upcoming paid YouTube Red series: “Scare”. Strangely, and luckily, YouTube has not removed him from YouTube all together nor demonetized his videos.
The importance of this scandal goes far beyond PewDiePie, regardless of him having over 50 MILLION subscribers, and affects every single YouTuber and even every single person willing to create online content. This is because within an instance, without notice, the mainstream media could put out a coordinated and militant effort to publicly tarnish and destroy any person’s reputation, and even their livelihood. This scandal shows the true power the media to shape and form public opinion and perception, whether for good or b
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivCDnH4RKBw
Is your video too loud or too quiet?? Well if it is than you need to download Handbrake, which is a free program, from http://handbrake.fr and use it to lower or increase the audio volume in your video. In this video I show how you can easily do it with Handbrake.
My earlier video which was about my cousin, Simone, doing one-handed push-ups was initially way too loud and I needed to figure out a way to decrease the volume before uploading to YouTube. You can watch that video on the link below:
My 11 year old Cousin Simone doing One Hand Pushups: http://youtu.be/P6HyWrpbDlM
Related videos:
Handbrake Tutorial: Compress/Convert Large Video Files!: http://youtu.be/qZPFfS_ZF8w
Cut / Split Video Files Easily with Virtual Dub!!: http://youtu.be/rRUKFP54LiQ .
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In this video I go over further into the Arc Length Formula and this time explain how it is sometimes useful to have a function that measures the arc length of a curve from a particular starting point point to any other point on the curve. From the arc length formula we determine this function, which is called the Arc Length Function. Also in this video, I write the integrand of the arc length formula in terms of differentials in order to develop a useful visual geometric interpretation of the rate of change of arc length. This is a very interesting video on arc length so make sure to watch this video!
Download the notes in my video: https://onedrive.live.com/redir?resid=88862EF47BCAF6CD!103234&authkey=!ACz4krW757H4JjE&ithint=file%2cpdf
View Video Notes on Steemit: https://steemit.com/mathematics/@mes/applications-of-integrals-arc-length-function
Related Videos:
Applications of Integrals: Arc Length: Example 3: Simpson's Rule Approximation: https://youtu.be/7x6-t0Nebxw
Applications of Integrals: Arc Length: Example 2: x = f(y): https://youtu.be/07Peo5ms848
Applications of Integrals: Arc Length: Example 1: https://youtu.be/Fqp2ai2RBEE
Applications of Integrals: Arc Length Proof: https://youtu.be/2rb4H_rmgxg
Differentials Notation in Linear Approximation: http://youtu.be/s0adatWiZg4
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus - Introduction and Part 1 of the Theorem: http://youtu.be/3o8Q6UJzJyk .
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWKK3qLvSwU
In this video I go over another example involving catenary telephone wires, and this time determine the formula for the length of the wire as well as calculating the required height at which they need to be hung on telephone poles. The length of the wire can be solved by using the arc length formula which I have covered before. When given the height at which the cables or wires are supposed to sag due to gravity, we can then work backwards and use the catenary formula as well as the length of the wire formula to obtain the required height at the poles. In solving this example I make use of the amazing Wolfram Alpha calculator to quickly find the solution to a pretty complicated hyperbolic equation. This is a very detailed and interesting look at the use of catenary functions in the world of engineering, so make sure to watch this video!
Download the notes in my video: https://1drv.ms/b/s!As32ynv0LoaIhvsWN5fx9XL6Bix0bw
View Video Notes on Steemit: https://steemit.com/mathematics/@mes/video-notes-hyperbolic-functions-catenary-example-4-arc-length
Related Videos:
Hyperbolic Functions: Catenary: Example 3: Telephone Lines: https://youtu.be/GbDGUYTrHQ0
Hyperbolic Functions: Catenary: Example 2: Graphing Catenaries: https://youtu.be/FlqcdaJn1NU
Hyperbolic Functions: Catenary: Example 1: Reverse Proof: https://youtu.be/KK4FoanPHzA
Hyperbolic Functions: Catenary: Formula and Proof: https://youtu.be/EYb1p9r1fnM
Hyperbolic Functions - tanh(x), sinh(x), cosh(x) - Introduction: http://youtu.be/EmJKuQBEdlc
Derivatives of Hyperbolic Trigonometry: cosh(x): http://youtu.be/4AGkxTGxASQ
Hyperbolic Trigonometry Identity Proof: cosh^2(x) - sinh^2(x) = 1: http://youtu.be/-UXUqIWRNEA
Applications of Integrals: Arc Length Proof: https://youtu.be/2rb4H_rmgxg .
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnBLG_D1nHg
In this video I derive the formula for projecting 3D coordinates onto a 2D screen using similar triangles. First I plot out the coordinates in 3D and then draw a straight line from the point where we are projecting the coordinates and onto the x = 0 plane. The point of projection can be thought of as the point at which our camera or eyes are located at, thus the resulting 2D projection maintains 3D perspective from that specific point. Drawing a second line passing through the z coordinates of the 3D line, we can see two similar triangles. Either of the similar triangles can be used to obtain identical formulas for the y and z projection coordinates. Note that in this projection derivation, I project the x coordinates to x = 0 and the camera or eyes location is at x = 1000. Epic stuff!
The timestamps of key parts of the video are listed below:
- Projecting 3D coordinates to 2D coordinates: 0:00
- Two Similar Triangles: 2:45
- Determining the formula for the y and z projection: 4:41
- 3D to 2D projection formula: 8:53
This video was taken from my earlier video listed below:
- Laboratory Project: Putting 3D in Perspective: https://youtu.be/3txedAqdtkQ
- HIVE video notes: https://peakd.com/hive-128780/@mes/laboratory-project-putting-3d-in-perspective
- Video sections playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLai3U8-WIK0ElsrMs_IBprUoHocIwyAmK
Related Videos:
Sequences and Series playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLai3U8-WIK0FjJpwnxwdrOR7L8Ul8VZoZ .
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kECiI8D6j7k
In this video I recap on Taylor polynomials, Taylor series, Maclaurin series, and Taylor's inequality. A Taylor polynomial is a finite sum with terms consisting of the i-th derivative at a divided by the i-th factorial and multiplied by (x - a) to the power of i. A Taylor series is just an infinite Taylor polynomial. A Maclaurin series is a special type of Taylor series where a = 0. A function is equal to its Taylor series if the remainder approaches 0 as n approaches infinity. Taylor's Inequality states that if the (n + 1) derivative of f(x) is less than or equal to a number M then the absolute value of the n-th remainder of a Taylor series is less than M divided by (n + 1) factorial multiplied by the absolute value of (x - a) to the power of (n + 1). Taylor and Maclaurin series are very useful since they can turn complicated functions into a simple sum of many easily calculatable terms, and is how most calculators work behind the scenes!
The timestamps of key parts of the video are listed below:
- Question 10: 0:00
- (a) Taylor polynomial: 0:42
- (b) Taylor series: 2:20
- (c) Maclaurin series: 3:33
- (d) A function equals its Taylor series if the remainder approaches 0: 4:26
- (e) Taylor's Inequality: 5:45
This video was taken from my earlier video listed below:
- Infinite Sequences and Series: Review and True-False Quiz: https://youtu.be/F0dsQLdXXpI
- HIVE video notes: https://peakd.com/hive-128780/@mes/infinite-sequences-and-series-review-and-true-false-quiz
- Video sections playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLai3U8-WIK0FCqXVJv1r7eJvrvphfkr6L
Related Videos:
Sequences and Series playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLai3U8-WIK0FjJpwnxwdrOR7L8Ul8VZoZ .
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHzM_93T1IY
In this video I go over the theorem on integrating symmetric functions which greatly simplifies integration. For even functions the integral from -a to a is just two times the integral from 0 to a. For odd functions, the integral from -a to a is simply zero. In this video I also provide a simple proof of this theorem while utilizing the substitution rule for integrals and properties of definite integrals.
Download the notes in my video: http://1drv.ms/1jceiH0
Related Videos:
The Substitution Rule for Definite Integrals: http://youtu.be/AzmYfV1vsbU
The Substitution Rule for Integrals: http://youtu.be/VsLC-0g6hVg
The Definite Integral - Brief Introduction: http://youtu.be/vhMP5SKbQjU
Properties of Definite Integrals - Part 1: http://youtu.be/XAel-Zti_Hs
Properties of Definite Integrals - Part 2: http://youtu.be/lxkQmB11qoU .
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbwJOQnT1eM
In this video I go over another example on determining the solution of a separable equation and this time find the solution of the differential equation y' = x^2*y. I show how the constants in deriving the solution can all be grouped together because any combination of constants is still a constant. Also, I compare the direction field with the graphs of several solutions with different constants and show how they correspond very well together. This is a pretty useful example on separable equations so make sure to watch this video!
Download the notes in my video: https://1drv.ms/b/s!As32ynv0LoaIhspEDl7sSIEMRD_BPA
View Video Notes on Steemit: https://steemit.com/mathematics/@mes/differential-equations-separable-equations-example-3
Related Videos:
Differential Equations: Separable Equations: Example 2: https://youtu.be/jVVTmkfBe48
Differential Equations: Separable Equations: Example 1: https://youtu.be/Fhz2o9ZVOjQ
Differential Equations: Separable Equations: https://youtu.be/pBV-xT9ty94
Differential Equations: Euler's Method: Example 2: https://youtu.be/-4qb_mniDR0
Differential Equations: Euler's Method: Example 1: https://youtu.be/L_l5DLZsZLQ
Differential Equations: Electric Circuit: Introduction: https://youtu.be/E6vij-RzQ-o
Differential Equations: Direction Fields: Example 1: https://youtu.be/mtbMQQZeMoQ
Differential Equations: Direction Fields: https://youtu.be/zWv1y8Xp1ac
Differential Equations: General Overview: https://youtu.be/jit59tIY4UI
Differential Equations: Spring Motion: Example 1: https://youtu.be/Twu30EJ93Wg
Differential Equations: Motion of a Spring: https://youtu.be/mk2TiR5dwVs
Differential Equations: Population Growth: https://youtu.be/Td8C_cTEGkA
Derivative of y = ln|x| or absolute value of x: http://youtu.be/Trzm6tagKws
Logarithms and their Properties - An Introduction: http://youtu.be/AZ6KKym19gI
Power Functions and their Properties Part 1 - A Simple Explanation: http://youtu.be/2MKko4ZkSf0 .
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...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmcGT1mm0_w
A simple explanation of what polynomials are and also how curves of various degrees of polynomials are shown as well as their relative patterns that arise.
Video notes and playlist:
- PDF: https://1drv.ms/b/s!As32ynv0LoaIiv8zPcr3nd8Z4b5IjA
- HIVE: https://peakd.com/hive-128780/@mes/polynomials-simple
- Math basics playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE2F47766DE17B783
Related Videos:
Taylor Polynomials - Introduction and Derivation: http://youtu.be/p2EkXwkbflk
Polynomial Long Division - In depth Look on why it works!: http://youtu.be/E1H584xJS_Y
Polynomial Long Division - Examples: http://youtu.be/7XbzCQgqBPc
Factoring Quadratic Polynomials by Guessing: http://youtu.be/biEfGwT5pn4 .
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