Author: Koenraad Janssen File Type: pdf Computational Materials Engineering is an advanced introduction to the computer-aided modeling of essential material properties and behavior, including the physical, thermal and chemical parameters, as well as the mathematical tools used to perform simulations. Its emphasis will be on crystalline materials, which includes all metals. The basis of Computational Materials Engineering allows scientists and engineers to create virtual simulations of material behavior and properties, to better understand how a particular material works and performs and then use that knowledge to design improvements for particular material applications. The text displays knowledge of software designers, materials scientists and engineers, and those involved in materials applications like mechanical engineers, civil engineers, electrical engineers, and chemical engineers. Readers from students to practicing engineers to materials research scientists will find in this book a single source of the major elements that make up contemporary computer modeling of materials characteristics and behavior. The reader will gain an understanding of the underlying statistical and analytical tools that are the basis for modeling complex material interactions, including an understanding of computational thermodynamics and molecular kinetics as well as various modeling systems. Finally, the book will offer the reader a variety of algorithms to use in solving typical modeling problems so that the theory presented herein can be put to real-world use. Balanced coverage of fundamentals of materials modeling, as well as more advanced aspects of modeling, such as modeling at all scales from the atomic to the molecular to the macro-materialConcise, yet rigorous mathematical coverage of such analytical tools as the Potts type Monte Carlo method, cellular automata, phase field, dislocation dynamics and Finite Element Analysis in statistical and analytical modelingCompanion web site will offer ample workable programs, along with suggested projects, resources for further reading, and useful classroom exercises**

Author: Carol Graham File Type: pdf How the optimism gap between rich and poor is creating an increasingly divided society The Declaration of Independence states that all people are endowed with certain unalienable rights, and that among these is the pursuit of happiness. But is happiness available equally to everyone in America today? How about elsewhere in the world? Carol Graham draws on cutting-edge research linking income inequality with well-being to show how the widening prosperity gap has led to rising inequality in peoples beliefs, hopes, and aspirations. For the United States and other developed countries, the high costs of being poor are most evident not in material deprivation but rather in stress, insecurity, and lack of hope. The result is an optimism gap between rich and poor that, if left unchecked, could lead to an increasingly divided society. Graham reveals how people who do not believe in their own futures are unlikely to invest in them, and how the consequences can range from job instability and poor education to greater mortality rates, failed marriages, and higher rates of incarceration. She describes how the optimism gap is reflected in the very words people usethe wealthy use words that reflect knowledge acquisition and healthy behaviors, while the words of the poor reflect desperation, short-term outlooks, and patchwork solutions. She also explains why the least optimistic people in America are poor whites, not poor blacks or Hispanics. Happiness for All? highlights the importance of well-being measures in identifying and monitoring trends in life satisfaction and optimismand misery and despairand demonstrates how hope and happiness can lead to improved economic outcomes. **Review A persuasive and well-supported study. Highly recommended.--Karen Shook, *Times Higher Education* Graham is one of the few scholars who have traced the effects of a dramatic increase in inequality between the rich and poor in America.--Ana Swanson, WashingtonPost.coms Wonkblog Graham pushes the wellbeing date into a more fruitful area, to assess how the experience of inequality shapes the views Americans hold about the future and the value of hard work. . . . She pierces the myth that inequality is accepted in the US because it is accompanied by so many success stories.--Geoff Dyer, *Financial Times* Carol Graham . . . makes a convincing case that perceptions of well-being, including factors like stress and a sense of the value of ones life, have become far more negative for poorer Americans since 2007.--Jeff Madrick, *The New York Review of Books* From the Back Cover Carol Graham uses well-being measures to bring new insights to the divisions that are threatening America. Far from dreaming of a better tomorrow, many Americans, especially white Americans, are deeply pessimistic about their future and the futures of their children. This book brings much to think and to worry about.--Angus Deaton, Nobel Laureate in Economics With Happiness for All?, Carol Graham takes the study of the new inequality one step deeper. She tells what it means from the perspective of those who suffer from it, as she explores, from many different angles, how it affects Americans sense of well-being, and their place within the American dream. This is a very important book, on the deepest social problem facing the United States today.--George Akerlof, Nobel Laureate in Economics In a world where people are turning against governments from across the political spectrum, the search is on to discover the source of this collective angst. Why are the leaders of extremist political parties gaining so much support and why did the UK vote to leave the EU? In this timely and invaluable book, Carol Graham investigates whether inequalities in well-being can explain this profound sense of alienation. We know globalization created many losers but, until now, these effects were measured in terms of income not individuals well-being. The well-being lens casts a powerful light on the fundamental causes lack of opportunity caused by poor education and failure to invest in the skills needed in the future.--(Lord) Gus ODonnell, chairman of Frontier Economics and president of the Institute for Fiscal Studies Compelling. Happiness for All? is a significant work of scholarship by one of todays leading scholars in the field. Grahams book will inform our debates on inequality, and is extremely timely and important.--Martin Binder, Bard College Berlin Graham writes with clarity and passion.--Andrew Oswald, University of Warwick