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10 Jan 2021 17:35:40 UTC
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Super Alloys: How amazing metals like Inconel and Titaurium make space travel possible.
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Superalloys describe combinations of metals that produce an alloy with unexpected strength, hardness, thermal resistance, or another useful characteristic…
We see this all the time…
None of the elements Yttrium, Barium, Copper or Oxygen are superconducting at higher temperatures but the combination, while not an alloy but a ceramic, produces the high temperature superconductor used in the SPARC reactor, as we learned in our lesson on Superconductivity (SPARC).
We saw in our lesson on Starship Steel how copper and tin make the more durable metal bronze…
And in the lesson on Aluminum alloys we say that a combination of elements can produce a lightweight but strong version of aluminum that is vital to the success of the SpaceX Falcon 9 reusable rocket.
Now we are going to learn about two alloys that have useful characteristics far exceeding those of the elements from which they are composed…
The first alloy you need to know is called Inconel. This was one of the first superalloys discovered.
Remember that adding to nickel to iron makes a strong steel alloy…
And mixing chromium to iron makes the corrosion resistant stainless steel…
What if we leave out almost all the iron and just mix nickel and chromium?
Inconel is the tradename for an alloy with this combination, and it is one of the most useful superalloys discovered so far.
One of the characteristics of most metals that limits its usefulness is that oxygen will combine with your metal and break it down…the red sands of Mars are all made from oxygen binding with iron to form iron oxide…rust.
When we mix nickel and chromium, we get an alloy that forms a top layer of oxide like the one that forms on stainless steel and aluminum. This is called a passivating oxide layer, which means an inert layer of substance over a metal that protects it from corrosion. Inconel has amazing strength, and is resistant to high temperatures that would weaken any other metal to the point of failure…

We are almost certainly not going to discover new elements out in space unless there is an island of stability for transuranic elements…which no one has seen any sign of so far.
But we will have access to rare metals that could make alloys much better than anything we have now.
Inconel comes in many sub alloys for different applications. It was first developed in the 1940s in England as the British were trying to create the first jet engines. They had quickly found that the extreme heat and stress of a jet turbine engine destroyed even the strongest steel. They kept coming up against a problem called creep. Many of us have experienced a creep but this is different. Creep describes the tendency of a solid mater
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