In this video we make copper sulfate in large quantities and also repair the sensors in my hotplate stirrer using electrochemical bonding, an alternative to soldering.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLEo57DXgiE
In this video, I'll be demonstrating three methods to produce sulfur dioxide gas. Sulfur dioxide, while undesirable on its own due to its toxicity and environmental impact, serves as a crucial precursor for various chemical processes, including the production of sulfuric acid. These methods have been showcased in previous videos, but I've compiled them here for easy reference.
Method 1: Burning Sulfur
The most cost-effective approach involves burning sulfur. Elemental sulfur, often used in gardening and pest control, is readily available. By burning it and capturing the resulting sulfur dioxide, we can utilize it for various reactions. A gas capture setup is essential, comprising a metal funnel over the burning sulfur, connected to a coil of copper tubing to cool the gas, and finally linked to a reaction flask using plastic tubing. Vacuum assistance is used to pull the gas into the apparatus, eliminating the need for a sealed combustion chamber.
Link to aspirator vacuum pump: https://youtu.be/tYLlkTDstmo
Method 2: Sulfuric Acid Decomposition
This method involves adding elemental sulfur to concentrated sulfuric acid within a sealed distillation setup. The sulfuric acid decomposes the sulfur to produce sulfur dioxide and water. While this approach yields relatively pure sulfur dioxide, it is slow and inefficient for amateur chemists. Moreover, the risk of dealing with boiling hot sulfuric acid makes it impractical for most.
Method 3: Sodium Metabisulfite Acidification
The most convenient yet costly method involves sodium metabisulfite and hydrochloric acid. A generator is set up with water, sodium metabisulfite, and hydrochloric acid. Upon opening a valve, the hydrochloric acid reacts with the sodium metabisulfite to instantly produce sulfur dioxide gas. This method offers convenience, immediate gas production, and purity, making it preferable for many applications. Sodium metabisulfite, found online and used in food preservation, is readily available for purchase.
In summary, these three methods provide options for generating sulfur dioxide gas, each with its advantages and drawbacks. The choice of method depends on factors like cost, convenience, purity, and safety considerations for specific applications.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2AFKlLSwUZ4
In this video we cause an aluminum sheet to fail structurally using gallium metal.
For this experiment a 1mm thick aluminum sheet was used.
Simply score/scratch the surface and apply molten gallium. The sheet must be kept warm while the gallium diffuses in so it should be kept in a warm room. Otherwise the gallium will freeze and the diffusion stops.
What's happening is the gallium is dissolving some of the aluminum as well as diffusing between the grain boundaries of the aluminum microcrystals and disrupting their bonding. This causes the aluminum sheet to greatly weaken so it can easily be destroyed just by punching it.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZkzxWZETds
In this video we make an Oxygen Candle that actually MAKES oxygen as it burns. It's also called a chemical oxygen generator.
To make it, 60g of potassium chlorate are mixed with 30g of iron metal powder and 2g of calcium oxide. The powders are thoroughly mixed and initiated by direct flames or a sparkler. The reaction burns the iron powder and generates enough heat to decompose the remaining potassium chlorate into oxygen and potassium chloride. Such devices are used often in air craft, submarines, mining operations, and even space craft.
Smarter Everyday on a submarine: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3Ud6mHdhlQ&t=620s
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YwnlYl0VxA
Make Potassium Nitrate from Instant Cold Packs and Potassium Hydroxide
Warning: This reaction will produce large quantities of toxic ammonia gas. Perform the reaction outside or in a fume hood. Potassium hydroxide is highly corrosive; wear gloves when working with it.
Also note that this video is for those interested in the chemistry, it's not cheaper/better/easier than buying it.
Take 60g of potassium hydroxide and combine it with 80g of ammonium nitrate. We showed how to obtain ammonium nitrate from instant cold packs in a previous video. Potassium hydroxide is sold online to make homemade soaps and for biodiesel.
Now add 30ml of water and gently heat the mixture. It will first bubble as it releases ammonia gas and then continue heating until it boils. Let it cool and evaporate to dryness.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxhZkDAOeQ8
This is a progress report on my current efforts into making sodium. This is not a standard how-to video.
Related videos:
Making sodium by the thermochemical dioxane process: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jCrFFVVcPUI
"Progress report: Theory test": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4vDwQ4TyIc
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiZf-O6vvbE
In this video we fail at making thermite from the gallium infused aluminum.
The objective was to see if the weak gallium infused aluminum could be used to make aluminum powder without going through the arduous filing step necessary for bulk aluminum. Turns out the gallium infused aluminum does crumble easily, especially with raised temperature, but doesn't become fine enough for thermite. Only filing bulk aluminum made it fine enough for thermite. Alternatively, just buying aluminum is usually the better option.
Another thing we tried was making gallium iron oxide thermite. Gallium has similar properties to aluminum so this wasn't a crazy idea. Turns out though gallium produces far too little energy to initiate a self-sustaining thermite reaction so that was a fail as well.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51pAZxuqpUY
Donate to NurdRage!
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This video is sponsored by:
Simon Drew
Kevin S
Only HR
Scott Malcheski
advisable
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ayIecBl3zoY