Sorry for bad audio. If you cannot understand what i'm saying, watch here:
https://youtu.be/bzcdfer04uwInfo:
Assuming, that temperature at ground level was 17 degrees celsius, and air pressure at sea level was 101325Pa, then moist adiabatic lapse rate says:
elev temp
4000m -7°C
3000m -1°C
2000m 5°C
1000m 11°C
ground 17°C
Then air density at the top of MTR would be 0.7692 kg/m3,
while at ground level it would be
1.1739 kg/m3.
As there are no clouds in the original photo, i could even use dry adiabatic rate, which is about 10 degrees/km, while in the calculation above moist rate is used, that is 6 degrees only.
I’ll be explaining downward refraction in the next part.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0J-nCzF4GY