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French painter and artist Paul Cézanne lived from 1839 to 1906. He was known as a Post-Impressionist artist whose work brought new ways of showing things and influenced the art movements of the early 20th century. People often say that Cézanne was the link between Impressionism and Cubism. Romanticism and Realism influenced his early works, but learning Impressionism gave him a new style. He changed the traditional rules of academic art by focusing on the structure of things and the formal qualities of art. He did this by using planes of color and small brushstrokes to make fields that were both simple and complicated. At first, people didn't understand or like Cézanne's work, but artists like Camille Pissarro and Ambroise Vollard were among the first to like it. In 1895, Vollard put on the first solo show of Cézanne's work in Paris. This helped people understand and value the artist's work more. Artists like Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso call Cézanne the "father of us all" because of his unique brushstrokes and use of color modulation principles. Paul Cézanne was born in Aix-en-Provence, France, on January 19, 1839. His father, Louis-Auguste Cézanne, was a milliner who later became a banker. His mother, Anne-Elisabeth-Honorine Aubert, was a seamstress. Even though his parents didn't get married until after Paul and his sister Marie were born in 1844, they had a third child, Rose, in 1854. The Cézannes came from Saint-Sauveur, which is in the Hautes-Alpes region of Occitania. On February 22 at the Église de la Madeleine, Paul Cézanne was baptized. His grandma and uncle Louis were his godparents. He became a very religious Catholic as he aged. Louis Auguste Cézanne started a bank with Paul called Banque Cézanne et Cabassol. It did well during Paul's life, giving him financial protection that was unusual for artists at the time and leaving him a large inheritance. Anne Elisabeth Honorine Aubert was Paul Cézanne's mother. She lived from 1814 to 1897. She was said to be lively and full of energy, but she was also easy to upset. Cézanne's mother had a big impact on how he saw the world and how he felt about it. He also had two younger sisters named Marie and Rose. He went to elementary school every day with them. Paul Cézanne went to Saint Joseph school in Aix when he was ten years old. Philippe Solari, who later became a painter, and Henri Gasquet, whose son Joachim Gasquet wrote a book about Cézanne's life, were in his class. Cézanne went to Collège Bourbon in Aix, which is now called Collège Mignet, in 1852. There, he made friends with Émile Zola and Baptistin Baille, who were both in a lower-level class. The three friends were called "Les Trois Inséparables" (The Three Inseparables) and spent their free time swimming and fishing in the Arc. They also talked about art, read Homer and Virgil, and wrote songs. Cézanne's writing was often written in Latin. Zola told him to take poems more seriously, but Cézanne just thought of it as a hobby. Cézanne stayed at the college for six years, but for the last two years he was just a day student. In 1857, he started going to the Free Municipal School of Drawing in Aix. There, a Spanish monk named Joseph Gibert taught him how to draw. Paul Cézanne's father wanted him to take over the family bank, Cézanne & Cabassol, so in 1859 he went to the University of Aix-en-Provence to study law. But Cézanne didn't like school, so he spent most of his time practicing drawing and writing poems. He also took night classes at the Musée Granet, where the École de dessin d'Aix-en-Provence was held. Joseph Gibert, an academic painter, was his teacher. In 1859, Cézanne won second place in a course on painting people. In the same year, his father bought the farm Jas de Bouffan, which would be Cézanne's home and place of work for a long time. Cézanne especially liked the building and the trees in the park of the estate, which he often painted. In 1860, he got permission to paint the walls of the drawing room, where he made big murals of the four seasons: spring, summer, fall, and winter. Cézanne signed the paintings with the name of a painter whose work he didn't like, Ingres. He also put the year 1811 on the winter scene, which was a reference to Ingres' painting Jupiter and Thetis, which was on show at the Musée Granet at the time. Even though his banker father told him not to, Paul Cézanne chose to develop as an artist and moved to Paris in 1861. His friend Émile Zola, who already lived in the city, pushed him hard to make this choice and got him to stop being hesitant. Eventually, Cézanne's father made up with him and agreed to back his choice of career, but only if he started to study regularly. He had given up hope that Paul would take over his job as a banker. Later, Cézanne got 400,000 francs from his father, which took away all of his fears about money.
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