What is LPS signaling | Know Everything | Basic Science Series English Keywords: LPS-TLR4 signaling, Lipopolysaccharide inflammation cascade, Toll-like Receptor 4 activation, MD-2 and CD14 co-receptors, MyD88-dependent pathway, TRIF-dependent pathway, NF-κB transcription factor, MAPK pathway signaling, Pro-inflammatory cytokines, Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), Type I interferons response, Macrophages and neutrophils activation, Chemokines in immune response, Negative feedback mechanisms, SOCS and A20 as regulators, Inflammatory response resolution, Immune cell phagocytosis, Clearance of bacterial infections, Cytokine signaling inhibition, Cellular signaling in inflammation. Unlock the mysteries of immune response with our latest video in the Basic Science Series: "Decoding LPS-TLR4 Signaling." Dive deep into the intricate cascade of inflammation triggered by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a vital component in the immune response against Gram-negative bacterial infections. In this comprehensive exploration, we unravel the complexities of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) activation, examining the crucial roles of co-receptors MD-2 and CD14 in facilitating LPS binding. Follow the journey of TLR4 through conformational changes, initiating two pivotal signaling pathways: the MyD88-dependent pathway and the TRIF-dependent pathway. Explore the downstream events, where MyD88 recruits interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAKs) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), setting off cascades like NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Witness the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus, triggering the expression of pro-inflammatory genes essential for immune cell activation. Delve into the TRIF-dependent pathway, activating interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and inducing the transcription of genes encoding type I interferons. Understand the critical role of type I interferons in the antiviral response, shaping the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Discover how macrophages and neutrophils, key players in the immune response, are activated in response to LPS signaling. Learn about the production of chemokines that attract these immune cells to infection sites, where they contribute to bacterial clearance through phagocytosis. Witness the finely tuned resolution of the inflammatory response, guided by negative feedback mechanisms involving proteins like SOCS and A20. These regulators inhibit cytokine signaling, preventing an overly aggressive immune response and safeguarding against excessive inflammation, which can contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. research, manufacturing, sales, consulting, and entrepreneurship, WhatsApp group: https://chat.whatsapp.com/HTXQC1Ax2qfKYa3MrZiMeD Twitter: https://twitter.com/basic_series Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/742235929758671 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/basic-science-series-a54439208/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/basic_science_series/ Support my work at https://www.patreon.com/user?u=37177596 Disclaimer: The information provided is for educational purposes only. The content of this channel should not be considered as medical advice of any kind. Use this information at your own risk. We hold no responsibility for any issue, concerns, or damage arising from the content of the video. Under no circumstances this channel be responsible or liable in any way for any content, including but not limited to, any errors or omissions in the content, any loss, any damage of any kind incurred as a result of any content communicated in this video, whether by this channel or a third party. In no event shall this channel be liable for any special indirect or consequential damages of any damages whatsoever resulting from the content of the channel. ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=slfsZY156OU

Streptococcus pyogenes | Bacitracin disk test | Microbiology | Bacteriology | Basic Science Series Morphology and culturing of Streptococcus pyogenes : • Gram-positive cocci, non-motile, catalase –ve, • 1 μm in diameter • Bacteria in chains • beta-hemolysis • Upper respiratory tract infections • Skin and subcutaneous connective tissue infections Virulence factors: • Streptolysin O, streptolysin S: • Destroy RBCs, responsible for hemolysis. • Streptolysin O acts as an antigen. • The antibodies against this antigen can also be used as a marker against the pathogen. • Pyrogenic streptococcal exotoxins: Fever, sepsis and septic shock by the production of inflammatory cytokines • Hyaluronidase: Degradation of hyaluronic acid. • DNases: DNA Breakdown • Streptokinase: Dissolves fibrin (help in the spread) Lab diagnosis • Microscopy and culturing: • Antigen detection: Group A antigen detection by particles coated with antibodies • Agglutination • Latex agglutination, • Coagglutination • Bacitracin disk test (0.04 IU or 0.05 IU not higher) • Positive: Streptococcus pyogenes • Negative: Streptococcus agalactiae Support my work at https://www.patreon.com/user?u=37177596 Twitter: https://twitter.com/DrKumarLokender Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lokenderkumar.sharma Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-lokender-kumar-58525945/ Disclaimer: The information provided is for educational purposes only. The content of this channel should not be considered as medical advice of any kind. Use information at your own risk. We hold no responsibility for any issue, concerns, or damage arising fthis rom the content of the video. Under no circumstances this channel be responsible or liable in any way for any content, including but not limited to, any errors or omissions in the content, any loss, any damage of any kind incurred as a result of any content communicated in this video, whether by this channel or a third party. In no event shall this channel be liable for any special indirect or consequential damages of any damages whatsoever resulting from the content of the channel. ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5TXGlC7OxE