Author: Maureen Perkins File Type: pdf The decline of magic is generally discussed in the context of the rise of scientific knowledge and the spread of education. In this original critique, Maureen Perkins challenges such interpretations and argues that the nineteenth-century marginalisation of superstition is part of a social history of time management. Perkins summarises the development of a sense of British temporal superiority and tackles enduring questions of colonialisation and class from the unusual angle of beliefs about time. She relates differing concepts of time to colonial discourse, particularly in relation to gypsies and Australian Aborigines, and to the development of national identity in calendar illustrations. She surveys technological developments in the calculation of time, and assesses the role of popular beliefs in astrology, books of fate, and prophetic dreaming. This fascinating study reveals how the increasing importance of accurate measurement of time in the modern world led to campaigns against the fatalism and apathy which popular practices, such as fortune-telling, supposedly encouraged.**
Author: Richard Sowerby
File Type: pdf
In the modern world, angels can often seem to be no more than a symbol, but in the Middle Ages men and women thought differently. Some offered prayers intended to secure the angelic assistance for the living and the dead others erected stone monuments carved with images of winged figures and still others made angels the subject of poetic endeavour and theological scholarship. This wealth of material has never been fully explored, and was once dismissed as the detritus of a superstitious age. Angels in Medieval England offers a different perspective, by using angels as a prism through which to study the changing religious culture of an unfamiliar age. Focusing on one corner of medieval Europe which produced an abundance of material relating to angels, Richard Sowerby investigates the way that ancient beliefs about angels were preserved and adapted in England during the Anglo-Saxon period. Between the sixth century and the eleventh, the convictions of Anglo-Saxon men and women about the world of the spirits underwent a gradual transformation. This book is the first to explore that transformation, and to show the ways in which the Anglo-Saxons tried to reconcile their religious inheritance with their own perspectives about the world, human nature, and God. **
Author: Todd S. Beall
File Type: pdf
Prior to the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1948, scholars studying the passages in Josephus works which mention the pre-Christian sect of the Essenes attempted to explain various sections in Josephus primarily by comparing them with what other ancient writers, such as Philo and Hippolytus, had written concerning this group. With the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, however, and the subsequent identification of the Qumran community with the Essenes by the majority of scholars, a whole new treasure trove of first-hand information concerning the Essenes has been made available. This study provides the first detailed analysis of and commentary on Josephus description of the Essenes in the light of the new material from Qumran. A fresh translation is provided alongside the Greek text of the passages in Josephus, as well as a full commentary on the major passages in which he describes this group.
Author: Masha Gessen
File Type: epub
A haunting literary and visual journey deep into Russias past -- and present. The Gulag was a monstrous network of labor camps that held and killed millions of prisoners from the 1930s to the 1950s. More than half a century after the end of Stalinist terror, the geography of the Gulag has been barely sketched and the number of its victims remains unknown. Has the Gulag been forgotten? Writer Masha Gessen and photographer Misha Friedman set out across Russia in search of the memory of the Gulag. They journey from Moscow to Sandarmokh, a forested site of mass executions during Stalins Great Terror to the only Gulag camp turned into a museum, outside of the city of Perm in the Urals and to Kolyma, where prisoners worked in deadly mines in the remote reaches of the Far East. They find that in Vladimir Putins Russia, where Stalin is remembered as a great leader, Soviet terror has not been forgotten it was never remembered in the first place. **Review Under Putin--whose motto might as well be Make Russia Great Again--Stalins rule is now remembered as a time of glory and order....It is a grim reminder that once again, as in the 1930s, all over the world authoritarian strongmen are riding high. -- Adam Hochschild, The New York Times Book Review A short, haunting and beautifully written book. -- The Wall Street Journal Gessens delicate prose and deft skill as an interviewer combine with Friedmans haunting photography to produce a partial record of the ruins of Soviet prison camps in Sandarmokh, Perm and Kolyma, and of the fraught memorialization efforts that followed perestroika and the Soviet Unions collapse. -- Times Literary Supplement The author Masha Gessen and the photographer Misha Friedman have done what they could in Never Remember Searching for Stalins Gulags in Putins Russia to combat the erasure of memory regarding the Gulag. They have accomplished this in two distinct but complementary waysGessen by interviewing descendants of those imprisoned as well as other private citizens who have in various ways done what they could to document and preserve the record of mass incarceration and state-murder, and Friedman by photographing the ghostlyand certainly hauntingremains of the camps.--The Daily Beast A book that belongs on the shelf alongside The Gulag Archipelago.-- Kirkus Reviews Drawing on years of interviews, research, and travel, Gessen and photographer Friedman reflect on complex Russian attitudes to the legacy of the gulag in this vital collection of essays and photographs....Friedmans moody, panoramic black-and-white photos of the memorial sites convey a narrative thats fragmented, blurry, and ultimately incomplete, perfectly underscoring Gessens text. The combination is a powerful meditation on contemporary Russia as seen through its relationship to the past. -- Publishers Weekly (starred review) About the Author Masha Gessen is a Russian-American journalist and the bestselling biographer of Vladimir Putin. Gessens books include The Future is History How Totalitarianism Reclaimed Russia, winner of the 2017 National Book Award for Nonfiction, and The Man Without a Face The Unlikely Rise of Vladimir Putin. She is the recipient of numerous other awards, including a Guggenheim Fellowship and a Carnegie Fellowship, and her work appears regularly in The New York Times, The New Yorker, The New York Review of Books, Vanity Fair, and Slate. A longtime resident of Moscow, Gessen now lives in New York City.
Author: Eli Berman
File Type: pdf
How do radical religious sects run such deadly terrorist organizations? Hezbollah, Hamas, Lashkar-e-Taiba, and the Taliban all began as religious groups dedicated to piety and charity. Yet once they turned to violence, they became horribly potent, executing campaigns of terrorism deadlier than those of their secular rivals. In Radical, Religious, and Violent, Eli Berman approaches the question using the economics of organizations. He first dispels some myths radical religious terrorists are not generally motivated by the promise of rewards in the afterlife (including the infamous seventy-two virgins) or even by religious ideas in general. He argues that these terrorists (even suicide terrorists) are best understood as rational altruists seeking to help their own communities. Yet despite the vast pool of potential recruits -- young altruists who feel their communities are repressed or endangered -- there are less than a dozen highly lethal terrorist organizations in the world capable of sustained and coordinated violence that threatens governments and makes hundreds of millions of civilians hesitate before boarding an airplane. Whats special about these organizations, and why are most of their followers religious radicals?Drawing on parallel research on radical religious Jews, Christians, and Muslims, Berman shows that the most lethal terrorist groups have a common characteristic their leaders have found a way to control defection. Hezbollah, Hamas, and the Taliban, for example, built loyalty and cohesion by means of mutual aid, weeding out free riders and producing a cadre of members they could rely on. The secret of their deadly effectiveness lies in their resilience and cohesion when incentives to defect are strong.These insights suggest that provision of basic social services by competent governments adds a critical, nonviolent component to counterterrorism strategies. It undermines the violent potential of radical religious organizations without disturbing free religious practice, being drawn into theological debates with Jihadists, or endangering civilians. **
Author: Diarmuid Griffin
File Type: pdf
Little is known about life imprisonment and the process of releasing offenders back into the community in Ireland. Addressing this scarcity of information, Griffins empirical study examines the legal and policy framework surrounding life imprisonment and parole. Through an analysis of the rationales expressed by parole decision-makers in the exercise of their discretionary power of release, it is revealed that decision-makers view public protection as central to the process. However, the risk of reoffending features amidst an array of other factors that also influence parole outcomes including personal interpretations of the purposes of punishment, public opinion and the political landscape within which parole operates. The findings of this study are employed to provide a rationale for the upward trend in time served by life sentence prisoners prior to release in recent times. With reform of parole now on the political agenda, will a more formal process of release operate to constrain the increase in time served witnessed over the last number of decades or will the upward trajectory continue unabated? **Review Killing Time sheds light on one of the mysteries of our time what does a life sentence mean in practice? It reveals the growing tendency to keep lifers in prison even when there is no penological justification for continuing to do so. This meticulously researched Irish case study should be replicated elsewhere. It is recommended reading for anyone interested in the form that ultimate penalties should take in a modern democracy. (Dirk van Zyl Smit, Professor of Comparative and International Penal Law, University of Nottingham, UK) The life sentence is the great enigma of modern penology found almost everywhere and since the 18th century if not earlier, yet its meanings, the crimes that it punishes, even the very procedures that bound it vary widely. Diarmuid Griffins deep analysis of the distinctive Irish life sentence is a major contribution to the global study of punishment and society. (Professor Jonathan Simon, University of California, Berkeley, USA) There has been little sustained empirical engagement with the institutional practices of the Irish criminal justice system. Such engagements are obviously critical in promoting and safeguarding the values of fairness, legitimacy and accountability. Killing Time should be welcomed in that context as a fascinating and insightful attempt to provide a comprehensive understanding of the operation of parole in Ireland. Dr Griffins book will be an excellent contribution to criminal justice knowledge in Ireland. (Professor Shane Kilcommins, University of Limerick, Ireland) About the Author Diarmuid Griffin is a Lecturer in Criminal Law and Criminology at the National University of Ireland, Galway.
Author: Barry Sheils
File Type: pdf
This book brings together the work of scholars and writer-practitioners of psychoanalysis to consider the legacy of two of Sigmund Freuds most important metapsychological papers On Narcissism An Introduction (1914) and Mourning and Melancholia (1917 [1915]). These twin papers, conceived in the context of unprecedented social and political turmoil, mark a point in Freuds metapsychological project wherein the themes of loss and of psychic violence were becoming incontrovertible facts in the story of subject formation. Taking as their concern the difficulty of setting apart the inner and the outer worlds, as well as the difficulty of preserving an image of the coherently boundaried subject, the psychoanalytic frameworks of narcissism and melancholia provide the background coordinates for the volumes contributors to analyse contemporary subjectivities in new psychosocial contexts. This collection will be of great interest to all scholars and practitioners of psychoanalysis and the psychotherapies, social and cultural theory, gender and sexuality studies, politics, and psychosocial studies.
Author: Nigel Whiteley
File Type: pdf
Winner in the 2002 AAUP Book, Jacket, and Journal competition for excellence in design in the category of Scholarly Illustrated. Reyner Banham (1922-88) was one of the most influential writers on architecture, design, and popular culture from the mid-1950s to the late 1980s. Trained in mechanical engineering and art history, he was convinced that technology was making society not only more exciting but more democratic. His combination of academic rigor and pop culture sensibility put him in opposition to both traditionalists and orthodox Modernists, but placed him in a unique position to understand the cultural, social, and political implications of the visual arts in the postwar period. His first book, Theory and Design in the First Machine Age (still in print with The MIT Press after forty years), was central to the overhaul of Modernism, and it gave Futurism and Expressionism credibility amid the dynamism and change of the 1960s. This intellectual biography is the first comprehensive critical examination of Banhams theories and ideas, not only on architecture but also on the wide variety of subjects that interested him. It covers the full range of his oeuvre and discusses the values, enthusiasms, and influences that formed his thinking. **
Author: Brenda Ralph Lewis
File Type: epub
font face=DejaVu Sans, serifspan 14pxFrom the string of Popes who were poisoned, deposed, and mutulated by rivals for the papacy in the early Middle Ages, to the controversial neutrality of Pope Pius XII during WWII, this book reveals many of the scandals and secrets of the pontiffs.spanfontfont face=DejaVu Sans, serifspan 14pxspanfontfont face=DejaVu Sans, serifspan 14pxIn the 10th century, being head of the Catholic Church didnt stop Pope John XII from allegedly committing incest with his sisters, calling on pagan gods and goddesses, being an alcoholic and putting his mistress in charge of his brothel. Of course, being pope didnt make popes popular either in 896 AD, Pope Formosus died, but that was no obstacle to Lambert of Spoleto, who bore something of a grudge, in exhuming the pontiff and putting him on trial. Formosus was found guilty of being unworthy of his papal office, had all his acts annulled and his body was thrown in the Tiber. From corruption to nepotism, from crusade to witch-burning to Inquisition, from popes sanctioning murder to popes being murdered, Dark History of The Popes explores more than 1000 years of sinister deeds surrounding the papacy. Ranging from the 9th century AD to Pope Pius XII?s position during World War II, the book examines political, religious and social history through the skulduggery of popes and courtiers, the role the Borgias family played in the papacy, the persecution of Jews and the religious controversy over Galileo Galileis heretical views, among other topics. Using diaries, letters, reports from foreign ambassadors to the Vatican and official registers of the ecclesiastical courts, a picture of both sinning and sinned against popes is revealed. Packed with more than 200 colour and black-&-white photographs, paintings and artworks, Dark History of The Popes is an eye-opening account of the history of the papacy that pontiffs would rather not mention.spanfont
Author: Scott A. Bonn
File Type: pdf
The attacks of 911 led to a war on Iraq, although there was neither tangible evidence that the nations leader, Saddam Hussein, was linked to Osama bin Laden nor proof of weapons of mass destruction. Why, then, did the Iraq war garner so much acceptance in the United States during its primary stages? Mass Deception argues that the George W. Bush administration manufactured public support for the war on Iraq. Scott A. Bonn introduces a unique, integrated, and interdisciplinary theory called critical communication to explain how and why political elites and the news media periodically create public panics that benefit both parties. Using quantitative analysis of public opinion polls and presidential rhetoric pre- and post-911 in the news media, Bonn applies the moral panic concept to the Iraq war. He critiques the war and occupation of Iraq as violations of domestic and international law. Finally, Mass Deception connects propaganda and distortion efforts by the Bush administration to more general theories of elite deviance and state crime.