Author: By Chiseche Salome Mibenge Before the twenty-first century, there was little legal precedent for the prosecution of sexual violence as a war crime. Now, international tribunals have the potential to help make sense of political violence against both men and women; they have the power to uphold victims' claims and to convict the leaders and choreographers of systematic atrocity. However, by privileging certain accounts of violence over others, tribunals more often confirm outmoded gender norms, consigning women to permanent rape victim status.In Sex and International Tribunals, Chiseche Salome Mibenge identifies the cultural assumptions behind the legal profession's claims to impartiality and universality. Focusing on the postwar tribunals in Rwanda and Sierra Leone, Mibenge mines the transcripts of local and supranational criminal trials and truth and reconciliation commissions in order to identify and closely examine legal definitions of forced marriage, sexual enslavement, and the conscription of children that overlook the gendered experiences of armed conflict beyond the mass rape of women and girls. In many cases, a single rape conviction constitutes sufficient proof that gender-based violence has been mainstreamed into the prosecution of war crimes. Drawing on anthropological research in African conflicts, and feminist theory, Mibenge challenges legal narratives that reinscribe essentialized notions of gender in the conduct and resolution of violent conflict and uncovers the suppressed testimonies of men and women who are unwilling or unable to recite the legal scripts that would elevate them to the status of victimhood recognized by an international and humanitarian audience.At a moment when international intervention in conflicts is increasingly an option, Sex and International Tribunals points the way to a more nuanced and just response from courts.

Author: Kathleen Drowne National Prohibition (19201933) ranks as one of the most divisive political controversies of the twentieth century, and its reverberations echoed through nearly every facet of American popular culture. Not surprisingly, many novelists and short story writers added their voices to this contentious public debate by incorporating into their works their interpretations of the wildly controversial federal liquor laws. In Spirits of Defiance, the first book to examine how American writers responded to the far-reaching effects of the Eighteenth Amendment, Kathleen Drowne analyzes the literary portrayals of bootleggers, moonshiners, revenuers, speakeasies, cabarets, and other specifically Prohibition-era characters and settings in a wide range of novels and short stories produced during the 1920s and early 1930s. She argues that these fictional representations carry enormous political and moral significance exposing how and why Americans defied or supported their governments attempt to legislate the morality of its citizens. Drowne examines a wide range of American literature including works by William Faulkner, Langston Hughes, Dorothy Parker, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Claude McKay, Sinclair Lewis, Zora Neale Hurston, and Upton Sinclair. Grounding her study in social, cultural, and literary history, she investigates how these and other authors politically charged accounts of life during the Dry Decade reflected the many ways Americans responded to the legal, social, and cultural changes wrought by National Prohibition.

Author: Michel Bock LAssociation canadienne-francaise de lOntario (ACFO) a ete le principal porte-parole politique de la collectivite franco-ontarienne au XXe siecle. Cette analyse historique en six chapitres chronologiques va de la fondation de lAssociation canadienne-francaise deducation dOntario (ACFEO) en 1910 jusqua sa disparition et son absorption par lAssemblee de la francophonie de lOntario en 2006. De 1910 a 1927, lAssociation joue un role determinant dans la crise du Reglement 17, qui interdit lenseignement en francais dans les ecoles de la province. De 1927-1969, lACFEO contribue activement a lavancement de la cause des ecoles francaises (ou bilingues ) de lOntario. Entre 1969 et 1982, lAssociation, devenue l ACFO , travaille aux progres institutionnels de la collectivite franco-ontarienne, tout en essuyant des critiques, voire des denonciations formulees par plusieurs groupes de militants animes par les ideologies contre-culturelle et participative alors en vogue. Entre 1982 et 1992, lACFO se redefinit pour sadapter a la transformation de lespace politique de lOntario francais, ainsi qua la fragmentation de son champ ideologique sous limpulsion de plus en plus irrepressible des regionalismes identitaires et de larrivee de groupes ethnoculturels issus de limmigration francophone. Les annees 1992-2006 sont les dernieres de lACFO, qui ne peut se relever de la crise de legitimite qui la mine depuis la fin des annees 1970. Une fenetre privilegiee sur les efforts de construction identitaire et politique de la francophonie ontarienne au XXe siecle. Ce livre est publie en francais. - The French-Canadian Association of Ontario (ACFO) has been the main political voice person for the Franco-Ontarian community in the 20th century. The first chapter (1910-1927) examines the first years of the Association and delves into the pivotal role it played during the debate surrounding Regulation 17, which was designed to prevent French-language schooling in the province. From 1927-1969, the ACFEO actively contributed to the advancement of French (or bilingual) schools in Ontario. From 1969-1982, the Association, now called ACFO, played a key role in the institutional progress of the Franco-Ontarian community, amidst much criticism and accusations made by militants inspired by the counter-culture and participative ideologies of the day. From 1982 to 1992, ACFO redefined itself in order to adapt to an evolving political situation in lOntario francais, as well as to the fragmentation of its ideology as regional identities took shape to a new ethnocultural reality in the wake of francophone immigration. The years from 1992 to 2006 were the Associations last, as it became unable to overcome a legitimacy crisis that had been undermining it since the end of the 1970s. A glimpse into the efforts that went into the identity and political construct of the Ontarian Francophonie throughout the 20th century. This book is published in French.

Author: Jacob R. Rivers, III Dogs have lived with humans for thousands of years as working partners. By the nineteenth century their role expanded to companions. American dog literature reflects this gradual but dramatic shift that continues even today. Our household dogs are quite literally closer than ever to us: sleeping in our beds, getting dressed in Halloween costumes, and serving as emotional support companions. In Dogs We Trust is the first comprehensive anthology of American dog literature. It features stories, anecdotes, and poetry that celebrate the many sterling virtues of the canine species. By mining the vast American literary archive of nineteenth and early twentieth-century periodicals, Jacob F. Rivers III and Jeffrey Makala reveal the mystique and magic of the human-canine relationship and what they believe is one of the best connections humans have to the mysteries of the natural world. This grand anthology features a rich harvest of fiction and nonfiction in which the canine heroes and heroines think and act in ways that illuminate their unquestioning loyalty and devotion. By taking dog literature seriously, Rivers and Makala believe we can learn more about our animal companions, ourselves, and our national literature. For them dog literature is American literature; it helps us explore and explain who we are and who we wish to be.