Author: Werner G. Jeanrond File Type: pdf This book explores the different dimensions of Christian love. It argues that all expressions of love are wrestling with the challenge of otherness. **

Author: Michel Houellebecq File Type: mobi

Author: Noel Ignatiev File Type: pdf from time to time a study comes along that truly can be called path breaking, seminal, essential, a must read. How the Irish Became White is such a study. John Bracey, W.E.B. Du Bois Department of Afro-American Studies, University of Massachussetts, AmherstThe Irish came to America in the eighteenth century, fleeing a homeland under foreign occupation and a caste system that regarded them as the lowest form of humanity. In the new country a land of opportunity they found a very different form of social hierarchy, one that was based on the color of a persons skin. Noel Ignatievs 1995 book the first published work of one of Americas leading and most controversial historians tells the story of how the oppressed became the oppressors how the new Irish immigrants achieved acceptance among an initially hostile population only by proving that they could be more brutal in their oppression of African Americans than the nativists. This is the story of How the Irish Became White.From Publishers WeeklyIn the first half of the 19th century, some three million Irish emigrated to America, trading a ruling elite of Anglo-Irish Anglicans for one of WASPs. The Irish immigrants were (self-evidently) not Anglo-Saxon most were not Protestant and, as far as many of the nativists were concerned, they werent white, either. Just how, in the years surrounding the Civil War, the Irish evolved from an oppressed, unwelcome social class to become part of a white racial class is the focus of Harvard lecturer Ignatievs well-researched, intriguing although haphazardly structured book. By mid-century, Irish voting solidarity gave them political power, a power augmented by the brute force of groups descended from the Molly Maguires. With help, the Irish pushed blacks out of the lower-class jobs and neighborhoods they had originally shared. And though many Irish had been oppressed by the Penal Laws, they opposed abolition?even when Daniel OConnell, the Liberator, threatened that Irish-Americans who countenanced slavery would be recognized as Irishmen no longer. The books structure lacks cohesion chapters zigzag chronologically and geographically, and Ignatievs writing is thick with redundancies and overlong digressions. But for the careful reader, he offers much to think about and an important perspective on the American history of race and class. 1995 Reed Business Information, Inc. From Library JournalIn a book he admits raises more questions than it answers, Ignatiev, a radical activist and editor of the journal Race Traitor, asserts that the Irish were initially discriminated against in the United States and became white by embracing racism, a concept Ignatiev (citing Daniel OConnell) says they learned in the United States. Ignatiev targets the Irish because they were the largest immigrant group to compete with blacks for manual labor jobs. Does American labor history dismiss racism as an element in the workers struggles? Did oppression in Ireland under the Penal Laws help to make the Irish oppressors in America, or did they learn racism only after reaching America? While many of the primary sources support Irish racism, fewer support Ignatievs opinion on where it began. This book is more a springboard for discussion than a source of answers but is strongly recommended for that purpose.?Robert C. Moore, DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Co. Information Svcs., N. Billerica, Mass. 1995 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Author: Owen Hopkins File Type: pdf This innovative and unique book is a visual guide to the buildings that surround us, naming all the visible architectural features. Unlike other architectural dictionaries, the reader doesnt have to know the name before looking it up. An original and accessible take on the architectural dictionary, this book takes you on a visual tour of the buildings and structures around us.**