Editorial Bodies: Perfection and Rejection in Ancient Rhetoric and Poetics
Author: Michele Kennerly File Type: pdf Though typically considered oral cultures, ancient Greece and Rome also boasted textual cultures, enabled by efforts to perfect, publish, and preserve both new and old writing. In Editorial Bodies, Michele Kennerly argues that such efforts were commonly articulated through the extended metaphor of the body. They were also supported by people on whom writers relied for various kinds of assistance and necessitated by lively debates about what sort of words should be put out and remain in public. Spanning ancient Athenian, Alexandrian, and Roman textual cultures, Kennerly shows that orators and poets attributed public value to their seemingly inward-turning compositional labors. After establishing certain key terms of writing and editing from classical Athens through late republican Rome, Kennerly focuses on works from specific orators and poets writing in Latin in the first century B.C.E. and the first century C.E. Cicero, Horace, Ovid, Quintilian, Tacitus, and Pliny the Younger. The result is a rich and original history of rhetoric that reveals the emergence and endurance of vocabularies, habits, and preferences that sustained ancient textual cultures. This major contribution to rhetorical studies unsettles longstanding assumptions about rhetoric and poetics of this era by means of generative readings of both well-known and understudied texts. **
Author: Chantal Stebbings
File Type: pdf
The central element of the taxpayers relationship with the law was the protection it afforded to ensure only the correct amount of tax was paid, that it was legally levied and justly administered. These legal safeguards consisted of the fundamental constitutional provision that all taxes had to be consented to in Parliament, local tax administration, and a power to appeal to specialist tribunals and the courts. The book explains how these legal safeguards were established and how they were affected by changing social, economic and political conditions. They were found to be restrictive and inadequate, and were undermined by the increasing dominance of the executive. Though they were significantly recast, they were not destroyed. They proved flexible and robust, and the challenge they faced in Victorian England revealed that the underlying, pervasive constitutional principle of consent from which they drew their legitimacy provided an enduring protection for the taxpayer.Book DescriptionUnder the new economic and social conditions of the nineteenth century, governments began to undermine the law safeguarding the imposition and administration of taxes. This book traces the development, re-evaluation and subsequent recasting of the safeguards, which, though diminished, proved sufficiently robust to provide an enduring protection to the taxpayer. About the AuthorProfessor Chantal Stebbings is Professor of Law and Legal History at the University of Exeter and a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society. She is also a General Commissioner of Income Tax. In the past she has served as Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Exeter, Visiting Professor at the University of Rennes, France and a Fellow of the Institute of Taxation.
Author: Maria Fernandez
File Type: pdf
During the 1980s, in the U.S., the second wave womens liberation move-ment which had swept the country in the late 60s and throughout the70s became fragmented, de-centered, and beset by dissention and various formsof cultural and political backlash. While more nomadic and de-terri tor ial izedfeminisms allowed many new voices and tactics to flourish often in regard tolocal concerns, it became harder to organize coalitions and concerted actionregarding issues which affect large groups of women globally. Currently, thereis no longer a vocal, visible, public feminist movement in the U.S.though thereare many local pockets of feminist practicebut there is pressing need for arenewed vision and engagement in local and global fem i nist action. Much ofthis need is created by the dramatic effects of digital media on multiple areasof communications, knowledge and lived experience. The scientific under-standing of what constitutes a human being, the ways in which were conceivedand born into the world, our education, socialization, work, health, ill ness, anddeath are mediated by digital technology (as a presence or a lack). This is animportant moment for the re-examination of historical feminist issues andtheir relation to the condition of women in the integrated circuita termcoined by Rachel Grossman to name the situation of women in a world [so] in -timately restructured through the social relations of science and technology. 1
Author: Kristina A. Schierenbeck
File Type: pdf
Phylogeography of California examines the evolution of a variety of taxaancient and recent, native and migratoryto elucidate evolutionary events both major and minor that shaped the distribution, radiation, and speciation of the biota of California. The book also interprets evolutionary history in a geological context and reviews new and emerging phylogeographic patterns. Focusing on a region that is defined by physical and political boundaries, Kristina A. Schierenbeck provides a phylogeographic survey of Californias diverse flora and fauna according to their major organismal groups. Life history and ecological characteristics, which play prominent roles in the various outcomes for respective clades, are also considered throughout the work. Supporting scholars and researchers who study evolutionary diversification, the book analyzes research that helps assess one of the major challenges in phylogeographic studies understanding changes in population structures shaped by geological and geographical processes. California is one of only twenty-five acknowledged biological hotspots worldwide, and the phylogeographic history of the state can be extrapolated to study other regions in western North America. Further consideration is given to implications for conservation, recommendations concerning the biogeographic provinces that roughly define the state of California, and predictions related to climate change.**
Author: Medea Benjamin
File Type: epub
U.S. relations with Iran have been fraught for decades, but under the Trump Administration tensions are rising to startling levels. Medea Benjamin, one of the best-known 21st century activists, offers the incredible history of how a probable alliance became a bitter antagonism in this accessible and fascinating story. In 1979, the Iranian Revolution brought a full-scale theocracy to the 80 million inhabitants of the Middle Easts second largest country, with. The rule of the ayatollahs opened the door to Islamic fundamentalism. In the decades since, bitter relations have persisted between the U.S. and Iran. Yet how is it that Iran has become the primary target of American antagonism over nations like Saudi Arabia, whose appalling human rights violations fail to depose it as one of Americas closest allies in the Middle East? In the first general-audience book on the subject, Medea Benjamin elucidates the mystery behind this complex relationship, recounting the countrys history from the pre-colonial period to its emergence as the one nation Democrats and Republicans alike can unite in denouncing. Benjamin has traveled several times to Iran, and uses her firsthand experiences with politicians, activists, and everyday citizens to provide a deeper understanding of the complexities of Iranian society. Tackling common misconceptions about Irans system of government, its religiosity, and its citizens way of life, Benjamin makes short work of the inflammatory rhetoric surrounding U.S.-Iranian relations, and presents a realistic and hopeful case for the two nations future.
Author: Diane Morgan
File Type: pdf
Kant Trouble offers a highly original and incisive reading of some of the lesser known aspects of Kantian thought. Throughout Morgan challenges the widely held view of Kant as the exponent of concrete and rigid rationality and argues that his airtight architectonic mode of reasoning overlooks certain topics which destabilise it. These include temporary forms of architecture, such as landscape gardening examples which undermine the autonomy of the Kantian subject, for example, freemasonry and the concept of radical evil, all of which suggest that Kants thought was capable of accommodating troubling and subversive themes. Morgans compelling discussion arrives at a fresh and ground breaking perspective on Kant whereby he is no longer to be regarded as a concrete rationalist, but as a daring thinker, not afraid to entertain ideas highly threatening to his own system and to the humanistic legacy of the enlightenment. Kant Trouble offers a highly original and incisive reading of some of the lesser known aspects of Kantian thought.Throughout Morgan challenges the widely held view of Kant as the exponent of concrete and rigid rationality and argues that his airtight architectonic mode of reasoning overlooks certain topics which destabilise it. These include temporary forms of architecture, such as landscape gardening examples which undermine the autonomy of the Kantian subject, for example, freemasonry and the concept of radical evil, all of which suggest that Kants thought was capable of accommodating troubling and subversive themes. Morgans compelling discussion arrives at a fresh and ground breaking perspective on Kant whereby he is no longer to be regarded as a concrete rationalist, but as a daring thinker, not afraid to entertain ideas highly threatening to his own system and to the humanistic legacy of the enlightenment.hr
Author: Michael Harris
File Type: pdf
In The Gamekeeper, Michael Harris presents poems of sorrow, sensuality, quirkiness and humoura grand variety of takes on the mortal landscape. With sharp wit and unaffected music, Harris handles the human and natural worlds with equal sensitivity. Of an apple tree, for instance, he says, and the apple trees victory stays stiff-necked, full of thrash in its iron-bare head of black antler. Considering Emily Dickinson in a poem entitled Death, we are drawn into the protagonists world with Weathered billet-doux hang pinned in the sheen of black crepe that encloses her looking-glass like a wreath of wet seaweed. The Gamekeeper contains a selection of poetry spanning five collections and over four decades, revealing the full range of one of the finest poets of his generation.
Author: Geoffrey Bowker
File Type: pdf
What do a seventeenth-century mortality table (whose causes of death include fainted in a bath, frighted, and itch) the identification of South Africans during apartheid as European, Asian, colored, or black and the separation of machine- from hand-washables have in common? All are examples of classification -- the scaffolding of information infrastructures.In Sorting Things Out, Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world. In a clear and lively style, they investigate a variety of classification systems, including the International Classification of Diseases, the Nursing Interventions Classification, race classification under apartheid in South Africa, and the classification of viruses and of tuberculosis.The authors emphasize the role of invisibility in the process by which classification orders human interaction. They examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary. They also explore systems of classification as part of the built information environment. Much as an urban historian would review highway permits and zoning decisions to tell a citys story, the authors review archives of classification design to understand how decisions have been made. Sorting Things Out has a moral agenda, for each standard and category valorizes some point of view and silences another. Standards and classifications produce advantage or suffering. Jobs are made and lost some regions benefit at the expense of others. How these choices are made and how we think about that process are at the moral and political core of this work. The book is an important empirical source for understanding the building of information infrastructures.