DO NOT TIP. This is an unofficial YouTube mirror of CoolWorldsLab (https://youtu.be/vlcc2MdYaik). If you want to tip CoolWorldsLab please visit https://www.coolworldslab.com/support. Convince CoolWorldsLab to join Odysee! ----------------------------- Prof Kipping is the principal investigator of a project which has been searching for exomoons over recent years and in our latest research paper we've find exciting evidence that the exoplanet Kepler-1625b appears to host a Neptune-sized moon. The embargo on our paper in Science Advances has just lifted and we wanted to give our viewers a Cool Worlds exclusive! In one two videos we've shot, David explains some of the history of our project, how we came to observe this planet and the properties and potential reality of our exomoon candidate. ► Companion Video by Alex Teachey: https://youtu.be/eGjgD27Dtpc ► "Did we find an exomoon?" earlier video on Kepler-1625: https://youtu.be/8V9QHn5oHMs ► "An Update on our Exomoon Candidate" earlier video: https://youtu.be/vDXJAtLLiyw == Referenced papers == ► Teachey, A. & Kipping, D., 2018, "Evidence for an Exomoon Orbiting Kepler-1625b", Science Advances ► Teachey, A., Kipping, D. & Schmitt, A., 2018, "HEK. VI. On the Dearth of Galilean Analogs in Kepler, and the Exomoon Candidate Kepler-1625b I", Astronomical Journal, 155, 36: https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.08563 ► Nesvorný, D., Kipping, D., Buchhave, L., Bakos, G. Á., Hartman, J. & Schmitt, A., 2012, "Discovery and Characterization of a Non-Transiting Planet Through Transit Timing Variations", Science, 336, 1133: http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1208.0942 ► Wakeford, H. R., Sing, D. K., Evans, T., Deming, D., Mandell, A., 2016, "Marginalizing Instrument Systematics in HST WFC3 Transit Light Curves", ApJ, 819, 10 ► Cilibrasi, M. et al., 2018, "Satellites Form Fast & Late: a Population Synthesis for the Galilean Moons", MNRAS, 480, 4355: https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.06094 == Previous HEK papers == ► Kipping, D., Schmitt, A., Huang, X., Torres, G., Nesvorný, D., Buchhave, L., Hartman, J. & Bakos, G., 2015, "The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK): V. A Survey of 41 Planetary Candidates for Exomoons", ApJ, 813, 14: http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.05555 ► Kipping, D., Huang, X., Nesvorny, D., Torres, G., Buchhave, L., Bakos, G. & Schmitt, A., 2014, "The Possible Moon of Kepler-90g is a False Positive", ApJL, 799, L14: http://arxiv.org/abs/1411.7028 ► Kipping, D., Nesvorný, D., Buchhave, L. A., Hartman, J., Bakos, G. Á. & Schmitt, A. R., 2014, "The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK): IV. A Search for Moons around M-Dwarfs", ApJ, 784, 28: http://arxiv.org/abs/1401.1210 ► Kipping, D., Forgan, D., Hartman, J., Nesvorny, D., Bakos, G. Á., Schmitt, A., Buchhave, L. A., 2013, "The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK): III. The First Search for an Exomoon around a Habitable-Zone Planet", ApJ, 777, 134: http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.1530 ► Kipping, D., Hartman, J., Buchhave, L., Schmitt, A., Bakos, G. Á. & Nesvorný, D., 2013, "The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK): II. Analysis of Seven Viable Satellite-Hosting Planet Candidates", ApJ, 770, 101: http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1301.1853 ► Kipping, D., Bakos, G. Á., Buchhave, L., Nesvorný, D. & Schmitt, A., 2012, "The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK): I. Description of a New Observational Project", ApJ, 750, 115: http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1201.0752 == Exomoon detection papers upon which our method is based == ► Kipping, D., 2011, "LUNA: an algorithm for generating dynamic planet-moon transits", MNRAS, 416, 689: http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1105.3499 ► Kipping, D., 2010, "How to weigh a star using a moon", MNRAS, 409, L119: http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1010.2492 ► Kipping, D., Fossey, S. & Campanella, G. 2009, "On the detectability of habitable exomoons with Kepler-class photometry", MNRAS, 400, 398: http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/0907.3909 ► Kipping, D., 2009, "Transit timing effects due to an exomoon II", MNRAS, 396, 1797: http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1105.3499 ► Kipping, D., 2009, "Transit timing effects due to an exomoon", MNRAS, 392, 181: http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/0810.2243 == Other links == ► Sunspot video from Göran Scharmer, Vasco Henriques, Dan Kiselman, Jaime de la Cruz Rodríguez: https://youtu.be/yvX0CIIkN1c ► Transiting planet animation from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, ESA/Hubble, Dan Gallagher, Michael Lentz, Chris Smith, Scott Wiessinger, Dan Gallagher, Avi Mandell: https://youtu.be/vLh9KWns9gE ► Transmission spectroscopy animation courtesy of exoclimes - https://youtu.be/FUo4N1M1Tag ► Background music by 1) Atlas "Waking Up" 2) Outside the Sky "Hidden Forest" 3) Falls "Runner" 4) Ryan Stubbs "Through Reborn Eyes - Unfiltered". Licensed through SoundStripe.com. ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu

DO NOT TIP. This is an unofficial YouTube mirror of CoolWorldsLab (https://youtu.be/5bvuwTuGnkc). If you want to tip CoolWorldsLab please visit https://www.coolworldslab.com/support. Convince CoolWorldsLab to join Odysee! ----------------------------- At the beginning of 2020, the world held its collective breath as a nearby behemoth star, called Betelgeuse, start to dramatically fade. Could this mean the star is about to go supernova? With the recent flutter of news activity settling down, we are now finally starting to understand what might have really happened. Today, we take a deep dive into what makes massive stars like this tick, and then get into how we might have now finally come up with answers to this bizarre event. An educational video written and presented by Prof. David Kipping. You can now support our research and the Cool Worlds Lab at Columbia University: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support Chapters 0:00 Teaser 0:53 Massive Stars 7:07 Dying Massive Stars 12:47 Dimming 2020 17:36 Explaining the Dimming References ► Fuller, J. & Ro, S., 2018, "Pre-supernova outbursts via wave heating in massive stars - II. Hydrogen-poor stars", MNRAS 476, 1853: https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.04251 ► Dimming plots come from @betelbot (https://twitter.com/betelbot) Twitter account run by Michael Hippke, which collates AAVSO data. ► Gerhz, R. et al., 2020, "Betelgeuse remains steadfast in the infrared", Astronomer's Telegram #13518: http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=13518 ► Sukhbold, T. & Adams, A., 2019, "Missing Red Supergiants and Carbon Burning", MNRAS 492, 2578: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.00474 ► Dolan, M. et al. 2020, "Evolutionary tracks for Betelgeuse", ApJ 819, 7: https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.3143 ► Adams, S. et al., 2017, "The search for failed supernovae with the Large Binocular Telescope: confirmation of a disappearing star", MNRAS 468, 4968: https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.01283 ► Levesque, E. & Massey, P., 2020, "Betelgeuse Just Isn't That Cool: Effective Temperature Alone Cannot Explain the Recent Dimming of Betelgeuse", arXiv preprint: https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.10463 Videos used: ► Simulation of forming protostars by Matthew Bate, The UK Astrophysics Fluid Facility, University of Leicester: https://www.ukaff.ac.uk/starcluster/ ► Planet formation animation by Zhaohuan Zhu, Princeton: https://youtu.be/yXq1i3HlumA ► Animation of a white dwarf by VideoFromSpace: https://youtu.be/_T_YmtkHRtc ► Core collapse supernova animation by Kuo-Chuan Pan: https://youtu.be/6r7YUj42SJ0 ► Animation of the Sun becoming a giant, credit ESA/Hubble (M. Kornmesser & L. L. Christensen): https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1919c/ ► Animation of a giant star, credit ESO/M. Kornmesser https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1840e/ ► Supernova animation, credit NASA/CXC/A.Hobart: https://youtu.be/wymMn-SmALY ► Neutron star collapsing animation, credit NASA/CXC/A.Hobart: https://youtu.be/wymMn-SmALY ► Sunspsot rotating into view video by NASA/SDO: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12292#87449 ► Hot iron video by Aaron Walsh, "Iron Born - An Artist Blacksmith": https://youtu.be/crpZRaUmMjE ► KDIST grabulation video courtesy of NSO/NSF/AURA: https://www.nso.edu/telescopes/dkist/first-light-cropped-field-movie/ ► Betelgeuse convection animations by Bernd Freytag: https://www.astro.uu.se/~bf/movie/dst35gm04n26/movie.html ► Betelgeuse convection animation downgrade by Brendan Drachler (@BrendanDrachler): https://twitter.com/BrendanDrachler/status/1229423234371723264?s=20 ► Coronal mass ejection video from NASA/SDO: https://youtu.be/8H7ZQ3hqj4c ► "What will it look like when Betelgeuse Goes Supernova" by V101 Science: https://youtu.be/hJPVuSNFxlY ► ESO dome supernova animation 2 and 3: https://supernova.eso.org/news/videos/SE-SN-2/ and https://supernova.eso.org/news/videos/SE-SN-3/ ► Sun forming animation by Bob Stanford: https://youtu.be/8Rg9v3J0IiU Images used: ► Interferometric images by NASA/ESO/M. Montarges et al. ► HD 12545 images by K.Strassmeier, Vienna, NOAO/AURA/NSF: https://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0570.html ► Betelgeuse dust wave/bow shocock image courtesy of ESA/Herschel/PACS/L. Decin: http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Betelgeuse_braces_for_a_collision ► Thumbnail image is an artist's impression of NGC 1068, credit to NRAO/AUI/NSF, D. Berry/Skyworks: https://public.nrao.edu/news/2016-smbh-exhaust/ TV/Movie clips used: ► Sunshine (2007) Fox Searchlight Pictures ► How the Universe Works (2018) Pioneer Productions All music used is licensed by SoundStripe.com/Creative Commons: ► Cylinder Seven, Cylinder Five & Cylinder Two (http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/) by Chris Zabriskie; licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ► "Waking Up" by Atlas, licensed through SoundStripe.com: https://app.soundstripe.com/songs/3984 ► Music from Neptune Flux, "Stories About the World That Once Was" by Chris Zabriskie (http://chriszabriskie.com/neptuneflux/); licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license ► "Selha" by Stephen Keech, licensed through SoundStripe.com: https://app.soundstripe.com/songs/7102 SUBSCRIBE: http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe #Betelgeuse #BetelgeuseExplained #CoolWorlds