The Foundations of Economic Method: A Popperian Perspective
Author: Lawrence A. Boland File Type: pdf Many consider Foundations of Economic Method to be Lawrence Bolands best work. This updated edition is radically changed from the original and will be much appreciated by thinkers within economics. The book positions methodology vis-a-vis the current practice of economists and is all the better for it. Yet another book that not only deserves to be read by those within the field of economic methodology, but also by those involved in economics at all. Boland is back. ReviewRevised and expanded edition describes and critiques the methodology of modern economics promotes a methodology based on Karl Poppers theory of science and demonstrates how the recommended version of a Popperian program can be applied.Journal of Economic Literature, 122004Methodology is often viewed as a bit part player within economics. Too tied down with debating past disputes, methodology has been viewed by many within economics as an irrelevance.This book attempts to change this sidelining of economic methodology by focusing on those current neoclassical research programs that are beginning to provide a sound theoretical basis for the evolution of economics, game theory, institutions and the market based system. The book provides a clear analysis of the fundamentals of economic methodology and goes on to show how Karl Poppers theory of science has not been widely adopted by economists, how his philosophy has been misunderstood by methodologists and how Popperian theory can be incorporated into current neoclassical theory to change it for the better.Many consider Foundations of Economic Method to be Bolands best work. This updated edition is radically changed from the original and will be much appreciated not only by students and researchers within economic methodology and philosophy, but also all those involved in neoclassical theory to change it for the better.
Author: Allan Metcalf
File Type: epub
It is said to be the most frequently spoken (or typed) word on the planet, more common than an infants first word ma or the ever-present beverage Coke. It was even the first word spoken on the moon. It is OK--the most ubiquitous and invisible of American expressions, one used countless times every day. Yet few of us know the hidden history of OK--how it was coined, what it stood for, and the amazing extent of its influence. Allan Metcalf, a renowned popular writer on language, here traces the evolution of Americas most popular word, writing with brevity and wit, and ranging across American history with colorful portraits of the nooks and crannies in which OK survived and prospered. He describes how OK was born as a lame joke in a newspaper article in 1839--used as a supposedly humorous abbreviation for oll korrect (ie, all correct)--but should have died a quick death, as most clever coinages do. But OK was swept along in a nineteenth-century fad for abbreviations, was appropriated by a presidential campaign (one of the candidates being called Old Kinderhook), and finally was picked up by operators of the telegraph. Over the next century and a half, it established a firm toehold in the American lexicon, and eventually became embedded in pop culture, from the Im OK, Youre OK of 1970s transactional analysis, to Ned Flanders absurd Okeley Dokeley! Indeed, OK became emblematic of a uniquely American attitude, and is one of our most successful global exports. An appealing and informative history of OK. --Washington Post Book World After reading Metcalfs book, its easy to accept his claim that OK is Americas greatest word. --Erin McKean, Boston Globe Entertaininga treat for logophiles. --Kirkus Reviews Metcalf makes you acutely aware of how ubiquitous and vital the word has become. --Jeremy McCarter, Newsweek
Author: Jean-Luc Marion
File Type: pdf
span orphans 2 widows 2On Descartes Passive Thoughtspanspan orphans 2 widows 2is the culmination of a life-long reflection on the philosophy of Descartes by one of the most important living French philosophers. In it, Jean-Luc Marion examines anew some of the questions left unresolved in his previous books about Descartes, with a particular focus on Descartess theory of morals and the passions.spanbr orphans 2 widows 2br orphans 2 widows 2span orphans 2 widows 2Descartes has long been associated with mind-body dualism, but Marion argues here that this a historical misattribution, popularized by Malebranche and popular ever since both within the academy and with the general public. Actually, Marion shows, Descartes held a holistic conception of body and mindspanspan orphans 2 widows 2.spanfont face=Segoe UI, serif size=2fontspan orphans 2 widows 2He called it thespanspan orphans 2 widows 2meum corpus,spanspan orphans 2 widows 2a passive mode of thinking, which implies far more than just pure mindrather, it signifies a mind directly connected to the body the human being that I am. Understood in this new light, the Descartes Marion uncovers through close readings of works such asspanspan orphans 2 widows 2Passions of the Soulspanfont face=Segoe UI, serif size=2fontspan orphans 2 widows 2resists prominent criticisms leveled at him by twentieth-century figures like Husserl and Heidegger, and even anticipates the non-dualistic, phenomenological concepts of human being discussed today. This is a momentous book that no serious historian of philosophy will be able to ignorespan
Author: George Lakoff
File Type: pdf
The now-classic Metaphors We Live By changed our understanding of metaphor and its role in language and the mind. Metaphor, the authors explain, is a fundamental mechanism of mind, one that allows us to use what we know about our physical and social experience to provide understanding of countless other subjects. Because such metaphors structure our most basic understandings of our experience, they are metaphors we live bymetaphors that can shape our perceptions and actions without our ever noticing them.In this updated edition of Lakoff and Johnsons influential book, the authors supply an afterword surveying how their theory of metaphor has developed within the cognitive sciences to become central to the contemporary understanding of how we think and how we express our thoughts in language.From the Inside FlapThe now-classic Metaphors We Live By changed our understanding of metaphor and its role in language and the mind. Metaphor, the authors explain, is a fundamental mechanism of mind, one that allows us to use what we know about our physical and social experience to provide understanding of countless other subjects. Because such metaphors structure our most basic understandings of our experience, they are metaphors we live by-metaphors that can shape our perceptions and actions without our ever noticing them.In this updated edition of Lakoff and Johnsons influential book, the authors supply an afterword surveying how their theory of metaphor has developed within the cognitive sciences to become central to the contemporary understanding of how we think and how we express our thoughts in language.About the AuthorGeorge Lakoff is a professor in the Department of Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of, among other books, Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things and Moral Politics, both published by the University of Chicago Press. Mark Johnson is the Knight Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Oregon. He is the author of The Body in the Mind and Moral Imagination, both published by the University of Chicago Press. Johnson and Lakoff have also coauthored Philosophy in the Flesh The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought.
Author: Martin N. Muller
File Type: pdf
Conflict between males and females over reproduction is ubiquitous in nature due to fundamental differences between the sexes in reproductive rates and investment in offspring. In only a few species, however, do males strategically employ violence to control female sexuality. Why are so many of these primates? Why are females routinely abused in some species, but never in others? And can the study of such unpleasant behavior by our closest relatives help us to understand the evolution of menae(tm)s violence against women?In the first systematic attempt to assess and understand primate male aggression as an expression of sexual conflict, the contributors to this volume consider coercion in direct and indirect forms direct, in overcoming female resistance to mating indirect, in decreasing the chance the female will mate with other males. The book presents extensive field research and analysis to evaluate the form of sexual coercion in a range of speciesaeincluding all of the great apes and humansaeand to clarify its role in shaping social relationships among males, among females, and between the sexes.
Author: Martin Jay
File Type: pdf
Over his distinguished career as a European intellectual historian and cultural critic, Martin Jay has explored a variety of major themes the Frankfurt School, the exile of German intellectuals in America during the Nazi era, Western Marxism, the denigration of vision in twentieth-century French thought, the discourse of experience in modern Europe and America, and lying in politics. Essays from the Edge assembles Jays writings from the intersections of this intellectual journey. Several essays focus on methodological debates in the humanities and social sciences the limits of interdisciplinarity, the issue of national or universal philosophy, cultural relativism and visuality, and the implications of periodization in historical narrative. Others examine the concept of scopic regime and the metaphors of revolution and the gardening impulse. Among the theorists treated at length are Theodor Adorno, Hannah Arendt, Jacques Derrida, and Michel Foucault. The essays also include several of Jays Salmagundi columns, dealing with subjects as varied as the new Museum of Modern Art in New York, the impact of Colin Wilsons The Outsider, and the demise of the Partisan Review.All of these efforts can be considered what Arthur Schopenhauer called, to borrow the title of one of his most celebrated collections, parerga and paralipomena. As essays from the edges of major projects, they illuminate Jays major arguments, elaborate points made only in passing in the larger texts, and explore ideas farther than would have been possible, given the focus of the larger works themselves. The result is a lively, diverse offering from an extraordinary intellect.(--Richard Wolin, the Graduate Center, City University of New York, author of The Wind from the East French Intellectuals, the Cultural Revolution, and the Legacy of the 1960s )**hr
Author: Robert Tombs
File Type: pdf
The Paris Commune was the biggest and last popular revolution in Western Europe. The short-lived commune and its subsequent repression exposed deep divisions in French society. This book is an account of those times.From the Back CoverFRONT OF COVER (Final 2.2.99)TURNING POINTSTHE PARIS COMMUNE1871Robert TombsSPINE[series logo]THE PARIS COMMUNE, 1871Robert Tombs[colophon]OUTSIDE TRIMProbable priceProbable publicationBACK OF COVERTURNING POINTSGeneral Editor Keith RobbinsVice-Chancellor, University of Wales LampeterHere is an authoritative guide to the biggest, and last, of the cycle of popular revolutions in Western Europe that began in 1789. In March 1871, the Parisians, reeling from defeat in the Franco-Prussian War and the ensuing siege of Paris by the German army, set up their own revolutionary government in defiance of the National Assembly (based close by at Versailles) under Adolphe Thiers, which controlled the country at large. The Communards, who opposed the humiliating peace terms offered to the National Assembly by the victorious Germans, had their own agenda of economic and social reforms and their numbers included republicans, socialists, anarchists, and even a few Marxists (Marx was himself greatly influenced by the episode). Troops of the National Assembly besieged Paris in turn, eventually retaking the city on 28 May 1872. In the final stages of resistance, the communards shot many of their hostages and burnt parts of the city, including the Tuileries. The government troops took a terrible revenge thousands died in the bloodbath that followed.The short-lived Commune and its subsequent repression were important enough in their own right but they cast an even longer shadow. The divisions they caused or exposed in French politics and society were still were still painful generations later. But that shadow stretched beyond France one of the most dramatic, and traumatic, episodes of the nineteenth century, the Commune became a symbol for the wider world, a potent inspiration for the radical left, and an awful warning to the conservative right.In his stirring account, Robert Tombs describes these tumultuous events, and sets them in their immediate political and social context - in particular seeking to understand who in Paris supported the Commune and what their motives were. He considers the Commune s long-term significance for both France and Europe and he explores the diverse historical interpretations it has generated. The subject has attracted much recent research (though there has been no general study of the Commune in English for a generation), much of it from fresh angles - including gender, culture and community, all of which find their place here. This book makes that new work accessible to students and non-specialists, as well as introducing much previously unpublished material on its own account. Admirers of Robert Tombs s celebrated France 1814-1914 - packed with telling detail and vivid human interest, as well as a masterly control of the larger picture - will know what to expect in these pages and they will not be disappointed.ROBERT TOMBS is Reader in French History at the University of Cambridge, and Fellow and Tutor of St John s College, Cambridge.LONGMAN
Author: Michael J. Mazarr
File Type: epub
The dramatic insider account of why we invaded Iraq, the motivations that drove it, and the frustrations of those who tried and failed to stop it, leading to the most costly misadventure in US history. A single disastrous choice in the wake of 911-the decision to use force to remove Saddam Hussein from power-did enormous damage to the wealth, well-being, and reputation of the United States. Few errors in U.S. foreign policy have had longer-lasting or more harmful consequences. Yet how the decision came to be made remains shrouded in mystery and mythology. To this day, even the principal architects of the war cannot agree on it. Michael Mazarr has interviewed dozens of players involved in the deliberations about the invasion of Iraq and has reviewed all the documents so far declassified. He paints a devastating of portrait of an administration fueled by righteous conviction yet undercut by chaotic processes, rivalrous agencies, and competing egos. But more than the product of one bungling administration, the invasion of Iraq emerges here as a tragically typical example of modern U.S. foreign policy fiascos. Leap of Faith asks profound questions about the limits of US power and the accountability for its use. It offers lessons urgently relevant to stave off similar disasters-today and in the future. **Review An excellent, cleareyed study that does not look for villains but rather lessons for a possible future situation in which a government is in thrall to a moralistic sense of rightness.Kirkus, Starred Review About the Author Michael J. Mazarr is a Senior Political Scientist and Associate Director of the Stategy and Doctrine Program at the Arroyo Center at the RAND Corporation, which he joined in October 2014. Prior to coming to RAND he served as Professor of National Security Strategy and Associate Dean at the U.S. National War College in Washington, D.C. He has served as special assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, president and CEO of the Henry L. Stimson Center, senior vice president for strategic planning at the Electronic Industries Alliance, legislative assistant in the U.S. House of Representatives, and senior fellow and editor of the Washington Quarterly at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. He holds AB and MA degrees from Georgetown University and a Ph.D. from the University of Maryland School of Public Affairs.