Rail to the Stars - Superconducting Solutions to Spacecraft Propulsion
Today we will focus on high temperature superconductors and their applications to propulsion. The underlying science is critical to a full understanding of this important technology… we have focused on niobium-titanium wire for our superconductors because they are strong, durable and in use today for commercial applications. The last is very important. You want to be innovative as you design your space systems…but you don’t want to be waiting for a technological breakthrough to make it viable. If we wait on effective, economical fusion drives for space exploration we had better be in our late teens or early twenties. It is best to make systems that work with proven available technology…while keeping an eye on scientific development…closely watching those fields where a breakthrough would be immediately useful to the space industry. There are many areas that must be closely watched but some technologies effect thousands of others…one of those is superconduction. Superconductors are materials through which there is no resistant to the flow of electrons… Magnets made from superconductors are over five times stronger than non-superconducting magnets for the same amount of electrical power. The magnets in an MRI or on a levitating train are made from either niobium-titanium or niobium-tin…both of which we discussed earlier…surrounded by copper. These are formed into solenoids… Solenoids are just coils of conductive wire used to maximize the magnetic field produced by a current running through a wire. Here you see a solenoid coil…and here you can see one used in a stepper motor. A push type solenoid uses a spring to hold something closed…it is always pushing…but when electricity is applied to the coil it pulls the plunger back in and releases whatever it was holding against…a pull type solenoid is open or permanently pulling until activated by electricity at which point the plunger is pushed out. We will go over valves used in the space industry soon. The stepper motor is a very easy way to see how magnetic fields can be used in simple devices to make useful actuators. Remember that superconducting wires create magnetic fields over five times stronger than normally conducting materials for the same amount of power and they don’t heat up as the current is passed through. An MRI machine using either niobium-tin or niobium titanium wire will be cooled by liquid helium. Liquid helium is one of the coldest substances know to humans. Liquid helium boils at 4.2K. Remember that if you are boiling a liquid it will maintain its temperature…expelling heat energy in evaporation…until all the liquid is a gas. That is why all boiling water at sea level is at 100 celsius. The liquid helium keeping our magnets at 4.2 ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KpI4dIIaJtA
The Neutron rocket by Rocket Lab is now planned to carry up to 13 metric tonnes to Low Earth Orbit! Making it a direct competitor to the SpaceX Falcon 9! And at a lower price!
The Terran Space Academy shows why Rocket Lab may take SpaceX' crown, as the most innovative rocket company on Earth.
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The effects of low gravity on the body and skeletal system is reviewed in details with explanations of normal healthy skeletal system function and examples of problems that can develop from disease, injury and the space environment. The first course in our Space Medicine Series from the Terran Space Academy. - TSA-SOV-SM-BH-20175
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G6mq9gOzYFo
Starship 20 is getting ready to ride Super Heavy Booster 4 to a suborbital trajectory from Boca Chica to the Hawaiian Islands.
How will it survive the reentry temperatures and stress involved in slamming back into the atmosphere at over Mach 30?
Concepts Covered
Rocket mass, weight, thrust and thrust to weight ratio.
Reentry temperature, shock wave temperature and heat flow.
Maximum heat rate altitude and maximum heat rate velocity
Heat resistance and density comparison of aluminum and steel
Reentry research and development of reentry capable vehicles.
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SpaceX has chosen a unique landing system that seems crazy at first glance.
They will try to maneuver a 25 story one hundred and eighty tonne booster,
and a slightly smaller Starship, into perfect position to be caught by giant mechanical arms.
Is this possible? And why might it be the best way to do things?
The Terran Space Academy takes a hard look at the SpaceX catch tower,
and the science behind the madness.
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Homework: CSI Starbase
Channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCy6Q9UCG7Wa-N7nht2BFrHA
Episode 1
https://youtu.be/6ESdu-qvwCY
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Extra Credit
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtwBkTAg9F0
The Future of Starship...Everyone watching this channel is giving a lot of thought to the future.Someone who uses science and reason to imagine how the future might be is called a futurist.Which brings us to why Starship is so important for humanity.We had hoped that the Space Shuttle would bring down the cost of spaceflight.But it turned out to be too complicated…That wasn’t NASA’s fault.NASA doesn’t get to decide how much money it spends or where it goes.Politicians decide…The prime directive of NASA scientists is to explore space…The goal of the NASA engineers to build the devices that accomplish that prime directive…The prime directive of almost all politicians is to maintain and increase power and influence.The Saturn V had been an incredible achievement,Nothing being built today…Not the New Glenn, not the Energia, not the Long March 9, not even StarshipIs planned to be more powerful than the Saturn V…The Saturn V could get 118,000 kg to low Earth orbit…Von Braun had developed it but considered it only a first step to Mars and beyond…Before the Saturn V even flew Von Braun and his team were looking to develop the Nova rocket system.The Nova rocket would have been 183 meters long…The first stage would have had 8 to 12 F1 Engines instead of the 5 used on the Apollo rockets…The plan was to get 450 tonnes to low Earth orbit.But this was canceled along with Apollo.Timing can be everything.Consider the American rocket pioneer Robert H. GoddardHe was born in 1882 and was a brilliant and eccentric man…At the age of 22 he was studying at the Worcester Polytechnic University in MassachusettsWhen he designed a magnetic levitation train…His notebooks contain equations for planetary capture by aerobraking,Meteoroid protection and suspended animation.He argued that humanity could reach the Moon with his ideas But the New York times published a large article where their “expert”Ridiculed his rockets, arguing that they wouldn’t function in spaceBecause there was nothing to push against.He built flew the first liquid fueled rocket in 1926 using gasoline,He developed gyroscopic control, vanes for steering, engine gimbaling and powered fuel pumps.In Robert Goddard’s notes we find he felt that while liquid hydrogen was the most energetic fuel,Liquid methane was less difficult to work with and had the best heat value combinations But he did not have his own money…He would try to describe his rockets to the US government and wealthy supportersBut when he built one, they often blew up on the launch pad or in flight.Rich people and governments watching something they funded blow up does not usually go over well…Elon Musk is quite different.He is the only person in world history to have founded four-billion-dollar companies.PayP
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijPeOwD1Ccg
Elon Musk Update on Starship Operations at the IAC!
Extra Credit:
https://www.youtube.com/@Thumblegudget
https://www.youtube.com/@spacecouk
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Credits
International Astronautical Congress
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LBQf_EZzhTk
Many nations are turning their eyes to the Moon and beyond.
India has the resources and people capable of making a real contribution to the science of space exploration.
Though some nations seem to have a head start over others, resting on your laurels is the surest way to fall behind.
India has the capability of being a world class contender in space exploration.
Understanding the current capabilities of space nations is important to assess future possibilities.
No one could have imagined that Portugal or Spain would be the center of exploration and power for two centuries.
Their rise was directly proportional to their investment in ships and discovery.
The next millennium will be one of space exploration and expansion.
TSA-SOV-TTM-ISRO-21085
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Music credits: William Rosati "Parzival" Kevin MacLeod "Majestic Hills" Credits: Indian Space Research Organization Associate Press NASA SpaceX Gunter’s Space Page Corrections: My pronunciation of anything Hindi...
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRCQFv_TA44
How Can Rocket Lab Succeed Where Blue Origin Failed?
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https://www.dropbox.com/sh/1nuz2heyojvtnz9/AAAiZS5pmwQkdgoyI_laXK1wa?dl=0
Special Credit: Astra, SGAU, Blue Origin, SpaceX, Rocket Lab, GetEffect, Everyday Astronaut, Jay Leno, NREC, Relativity space
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Terran Space Academy
Space Navigation: Introduces you to the difficulties of navigating and the complexity of advanced guidance systems for off-world navigation. Every satellite, probe, spacecraft and starship will need to be able to find its way through the darkness of space. Finding your way is not always easy, even here on Earth. Brilliant people throughout history have made advances that allow us to do what our ancestors could only dream of.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXtXAfCbItI