Author: Rebecca Lemon File Type: pdf Rebecca Lemon illuminates a previously-buried conception of addiction, as a form of devotion at once laudable, difficult, and extraordinary, that has been concealed by the persistent modern link of addiction to pathology. Surveying sixteenth-century invocations, she reveals how early moderns might consider themselves addicted to study, friendship, love, or God. However, she also uncovers their understanding of addiction as a form of compulsion that resonates with modern scientific definitions. Specifically, early modern medical tracts, legal rulings, and religious polemic stressed the dangers of addiction to alcohol in terms of disease, compulsion, and enslavement. Yet the relationship between these two understandings of addiction was not simply oppositional, for what unites these discourses is a shared emphasis on addiction as the overthrow of the will.Etymologically, addiction is a verbal contract or a pledge, and even as sixteenth-century audiences actively embraced addiction to God and love, writers warned against commitment to improper forms of addiction, and the term became increasingly associated with disease and tyranny. Examining canonical texts including Doctor Faustus, Twelfth Night, Henry IV, and Othello alongside theological, medical, imaginative, and legal writings, Lemon traces the variety of early modern addictive attachments. Although contemporary notions of addiction seem to bear little resemblance to its initial meanings, Lemon argues that the early modern periods understanding of addiction is relevant to our modern conceptions of, and debates about, the phenomenon.

Author: Stephen Mileson File Type: pdf Parks were prominent and, indeed, controversial features of the medieval countryside, but they have been unevenly studied and remain only partly understood. Stephen Mileson provides the first full-length study of the subject, examining parks across the country and throughout the Middle Ages in their full social, economic, jurisdictional, and landscape context. The first half of the book investigates the purpose of these royal and aristocratic reserves, which have been variously claimed as hunting grounds, economic assets, landscape settings for residences, and status symbols. An emphasis on the aristocratic passion for the chase as the key motivation for park-making provides an important challenge to more recent views and allows for a deeper appreciation of the connection between park-making and the expression of power and lordship. The second part of the book examines the impact of park creation on wider society, from the king and aristocracy to peasants and townsmen. Instead of the traditional emphasis on the importance of royal regulation, greater attention is paid to the effects of lordly park-making on other members of the landed elite and ordinary people. These widespread enclosures interfered with customary uses of woodland and waste, hunting practices, roads and farming not surprisingly, they could become a focus for aristocratic feud, popular protest and furtive resistance. Combining historical, archaeological, and landscape evidence this ground-breaking study provides fresh insight into contemporary values and how they helped to shape the medieval landscape.ReviewA clear, well documented synthesis with a wealth of primary material. Northern History This is a seminal work. It familiarises those new to the subject with previous approaches and theories, questions past assumptions, comes to novel conclusions and points the way forward. Southern History Society [an] excellent treatment of the medieval park. Susan Kilby, Rural History a thoughtful, reflective and intellectual first book which is a considerable credit to its author Tom Beaumont Jones, Medieval Archaeology [Mileson] makes good use of topographical evidence in particular (the book has some excellent maps) but its bedrock is written evidence, both documentary and literary, and its strength is that it makes a major contribution to integrating the study of parks into the wider perspective of English medieval social history. David Rollason, English Historical Review About the AuthorStephen Mileson started working for the Victoria County History of Oxfordshire in 2005 and has so far been researching and writing about the history of Henley-on-Thames and surrounding Chilterns parishes in the far south of the county. He has also been Lecturer in Medieval History at St Edmund Hall, Oxford since 2006, and previously worked on the Cambridge University Inquisitions Post Mortem editing project. His research interests include the social history of the medieval aristocracy and agrarian and landscape history.