In this video we the thermal decomposition of copper to directly produce nitric acid without using any other acid. Normally to make nitric acid you react a nitrate salt with a strong acid like sulfuric acid. But what if we wanted to make it without any acids at all? Copper nitrate has the interesting property that if it's heated it will decompose into nitrogen dioxide and oxygen, two components needed for nitric acid. Best of all copper nitrate itself can be made with domestically available that don't require acid either. First calcium ammonium nitrate is boiled with calcium hydroxide to produce pure calcium nitrate. This is done only to remove ammonia and not necessary if calcium nitrate can be obtained directly. Calcium ammonium nitrate is a fertilizer. The resulting calcium nitrate is reacted with copper sulfate which is available as a root killer. The resulting copper nitrate solution and calcium sulfate are filtered and the copper nitrate is boiled to remove most of the water until it starts to change color to green/blue. The copper nitrate is then hooked up a distillation apparatus and heated until it decomposes. The nitrogen dioxide gas produced is lead into water to dissolve. The nitric acid produced is then purified by distillation. Yield is between 60%-80% Donate to NurdRage! Through Patreon (preferred): https://www.patreon.com/NurdRage Through Youtube Memberships: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIgKGGJkt1MrNmhq3vRibYA/join Through Bitcoin: 1NurdRAge7PNR4ULrbrpcYvc9RC4LDp9pS Glassware generously provided by http://www.alchemylabsupply.com/ Use the discount code "nurdrage" for a 5% discount. Twitter: https://twitter.com/NurdRage Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NurdRage/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nurdrageyoutube/ ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmB5x0LYfSE

In this video we turn copper pennies into silver and finally to gold. Obviously it's a chemistry trick but still impressive. First we get 30g of zinc sulfate and dissolve it into 100mL of water. Zinc sulfate was made back in our video on making a copper sulfate and zinc battery: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Id3tL2iI0Vw If you don't have zinc sulfate or can't make it, you can also use zinc chloride. This can be made by simply mixing hydrochloric acid with zinc metal and waiting until the fizzing stops. ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_g_ml8tAnWE

In this video we're going to make sulfuric acid by the oxalate precipitation method. The idea is rather simple, oxalic acid produces insoluble metal oxalates with a lot of metal salts. But in doing so, the salt anions are left behind in solution and become their respective acids. So a metal sulfate can be converted into sulfuric acid by removing the metal ions with oxalic acid. The conversion isn't perfect, but it's good enough to give better than 50% yield under the right circumstances. 300g of Iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate was mixed with 1L of water and stirred until dissolved. Then 200g of oxalic acid with heated with 300mL of water until dissolved. The two liquids are mixed and iron oxalate precipitates out. This can be filtered but for improved yield, i found leaving it out in the sun to photolyze any dissolved Iron (III) oxalate for 8 hours increased yields by 10%. After filtration the filtrate is boiled down until it starts to crystalize and then cooled and filtered again before the filtrate is distilled at high temperature to get sulfuric acid. Effective yield was around 67%. I wasn't able to get Magnesium sulfate or copper sulfate to work. I think magnesium sulfate just doesn't work, but copper sulfate produces ultrafine copper oxalate that can't be filtered. Related videos: Purification of Sulfuric Acid by Distillation: https://youtu.be/0Gb9rM9BJ8I Donate to NurdRage! Through Patreon (preferred): https://www.patreon.com/NurdRage Through Youtube Memberships: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIgKGGJkt1MrNmhq3vRibYA/join Glassware generously provided by http://www.alchemylabsupply.com/ Use the discount code "nurdrage" for a 5% discount. Twitter: https://twitter.com/NurdRage Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NurdRage/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nurdrageyoutube/ ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDlFEV8bT3c

In this video we use a nafion membrane cell to make sodium hydroxide by electrolysis of sodium bicarbonate and separating and isolating the ions. If you electrolyze water you generate hydroxide ions at the cathode, and hydronium ions at the anode. If you could some how split sodium bicarbonate, then mix the sodium ions with the hydroxide ions, you could make sodium hydroxide. Of course "just" splitting ions completely glosses over the nuances and complexities of chemistry. But interestingly enough, a cationic exchange membrane like nafion essentially allows us to that by allowing cations to transfer through, but blocks anions. To do this, all we do is get the nafion divided membrane cell we built in a previous video and insert it into a larger container of water and sodium bicarbonate. Using a titanium cathode and a cobalt oxide anode (although you can use nickel, platinum, or carbon), we make the sodium bicarbaonte solution the anolyte and use deionized water as the catholyte. Applying an electric current we separate the ions in sodium bicarbonate and pass the sodium through the membrane into the cathode side where they meet up with the hydroxide produced and create sodium hydroxide. Donate to NurdRage! Through Patreon (preferred): https://www.patreon.com/NurdRage Through Youtube Memberships: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIgKGGJkt1MrNmhq3vRibYA/join Through Bitcoin: 1NurdRAge7PNR4ULrbrpcYvc9RC4LDp9pS Glassware generously provided by http://www.alchemylabsupply.com/ Use the discount code "nurdrage" for a 5% discount. Twitter: https://twitter.com/NurdRage Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NurdRage/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nurdrageyoutube/ ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcoTp2IUWMc