summaries-cinematographic-art
Cinematography is the technique of projecting photograms at high speed to create the impression of movement. Cinema as spectacle was born in Paris in 1895, and its language has evolved through the next decades. It is a common invention, that happened in different places in the world. At the beginning, it was silent film, in black and white, but in the 30s was developed the sound film and the color. At the end of XX century was developed the digital film, a new era.
Birth of Cinema: Eadweard Muybridge, Cinematograph, Lumiere Brothers (3), Thomas Edison, Dickson, Leon Gaumont, Alice Guy, Pathe Brothers (2), Edwin S. Porter (3), Georges Melies (3).
Silent Film - 10-30s: Griffith (4), Hollywood, Charles Chaplin (8), Buster Keaton (3), Harold Lloyd, Douglas Fairbanks (4), Weber, Flaherty, Von Stroheim, King Vidor, Christensen, Sjostrom, Carl Theodor Dreyer.
Avantgarde: Abel Gance (2), Viking Eggeling, Hans Richter (2), Walter Ruttmann (2), Alberto Cavalcanti (2), Oskar Fischinger, Germaine Dulac (2), Duchamp, Man Ray (2), René Clair, Fernand Leger (2), Luis Buñuel & Salvador Dalí (4), Yevgeni Bauer, Sergei Eisenstein (4), Aleksandr Dovzhenko (3), Dziga Vertov, Lev Kuleshov, Yakov Protazanov (2), Esfir Shub, Vsevolod Pudovkin (2), Paul Wegener, Robert Wiene (2), Charles Klein (2), Fritz Lang (5), Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau (5).
Sound Film - 30-50s: Jazz Singer, Mamoulian, James Whale, Georges Franju (2), Wellman, Howard Hawks (2), Sergio Leone, John Ford & John Wayne (4), Sergio Leone, Howard Hawks, Mervyn LeRoy, Stanley Donen (2), Laurel and Hardy, Three Stooges, Winsor McCay, Walt Disney, Cecil B. DeMille (3), Mervyn LeRoy (2), Victor Fleming (2), Michael Curtiz, Greta Garbo, Marlene Dietrich, Ingrid Bergman, Lubitsch, Josef von Sternberg (3), Leni Riefenstahl (3), Jean Cocteau, Jean Vigo (2), Marcel Carné, Jean Renoir (2), Vittorio de Sica, Roberto Rossellini (2), Billy Wilder, Ida Lupino, Joseph H. Lewis, Orson Welles (3), Michael Powell, Humphrey Jennings, Carol Reed, Alfred Hitchcock (6)
Modern Film - 50-70s: John Huston, Peixoto, Rocha, Pereira dos Santos, Fernando de Fuentes, Emilio Fernández, Buñuel (2), Kalatozov (2), Douglas Sirk, Nicholas Ray (2), Kenneth Anger (2), David Lean (2), Ingmar Bergman (9), Robert Bresson (2), Jacques Tati (3), Federico Fellini (3), Agnes Varda, Alain Resnais, François Truffaut, Jean-Luc Godard, Pier Paolo Pasolini (2), Luchino Visconti, Michelangelo Antonioni, Angelopoulos, Marco Ferreri, Pedro Almodóvar, Vilgot Sjoman, Jean Eustache, Andrzej Wajda, Polanski (3), Vera Chytilova (2), Miklos Jancso, Sergei Parajanov, Tarkovsky (4), Volker Schlondorff, Werner Herzog, Fassbinder, Karel Reisz, Lindsay Anderson, Ken Loach, Richard Lester, Robert Drew, Cassavetes, Andy Warhol, Dennis Hopper, Blake Edwards (2), Stanley Kubrick (6).
New Film - 70s-Digital Era: Scorsese (3), Coppola (4), Woody Allen (2), Terence Malick (3), Terence Young (2), Sam Peckinpah (2), Monty Python (5), Margarethe von Trotta, Bernardo Bertolucci, Ken Russell, Serif Goren, Alejandro Jodorowsky, Steven Spielberg (5), George Lucas, William Friedkin (2), Tobe Hooper, Joe Dante, John McTiernan, Robert Zemeckis (2), Tengiz Abuladze (2), David Lynch (2), Spike Lee, Bill Forsyth, Adrian Lyne, David Cronenberg (3), Lars von Trier (2), Mathieu Kassovitz, Bruno Dumont, Michael Haneke (3), Ridley Scott (5), James Cameron (3), John Lasseter, Daniel Myrick (2), Quentin Tarantino (3), Clint Eastwood, Coen Brothers (4), Tim Burton (2), Gus Van Sant (3), Bela Tarr, Verhoeven (2), Matthew Barney, Nicholas Roeg, Peter Weir, Jane Campion (2), Baz Luhrmann (3), Peter Jackson, Michael Moore, Alexander Sokurov, Wachowski, Darren Aronofsky (3), Chris Columbus, Sam Raimi, Gore Verbinski, Guillermo del Toro, Michel Gondry, Christopher Nolan (3).
Asian Film
Japanese: Yasujiro Ozu (4), Kenji Mizoguchi (5), Akira Kurosawa (6), Ishiro Honda (2), Nagisa Oshima (4), Shohei Imamura (3), Noriaki Tsuchimoto, Kazuo Hara, Shinya Tsukamoto (2), Hideo Nakata (2), Takashi Miike, Sion Sono (2), Hayao Miyazaki (3).
Chinese: Minwei Li, Bu Wancang, Wu Yonggang, Chusheng Cai, Yuan Muzhi, Xu Xingzhi, Xie Jin (2), Li Han Hsiang (2), King Hu, Robert Clouse (3), Bruce Lee (2), John Woo (2), Tsui Hark (2), Yuen Woo-ping (2), Tian Zhuangzhuang, Chen Kaige, Wong Kar-wai (2), Olivier Assayas, Zhang Yimou (4), Jingle Ma (2), Hou Hsiao-hsien, Tsai Ming-liang (3).
Thailand: Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Prachya Pinkaew.
Korea: Lee Chang-dong (2), Bong Joon-ho, Park Chan-wook.
India: Dhundiraj Govind Phalke, Vishnupant Govind Damfe, Mehboob Khan, Guru Dutt, Ritwik Ghatak (3), Mani Kaul (2), Ellis Roderick Dungan, Satyajit Ray (3), Asif, Gulzar, Prakash Mehra, Ramesh Sippy
Iran Film: Forugh Farrokhzad (2), Samira Makhmalbaf, Mohsen Makhmalbaf (2), Abbas Kiarostami (3).
African Film: Ousmane Sembene (2), Assia Djebar, Safi Faye, Moustapha Akkad (2), Youssef Chahine (2).
Television: Television (3), Friends, The Simpsons, Dragon Ball, Elvis Presley, Coca Cola.
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