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Astarte KLBM; and the Extraordinary Galli Institution!
Astarte KLBM and the Extraordinary Galli Institution.
This is an excerpt from my previous video presentation: Temple Tariff Inscription Sacred Prostitution and the Drag Queens of Astarte part II; https://youtu.be/RxjGHThwZW8, published June 2022. In this video, I talked about the Galli institution in the Phoenician World and Mesopotamia, where Human Civilisation started in the 3rd Millennium BC. From Mesopotamia, there were two vectors of civilisation Eastward towards Persia, India and China and Westward through Phoenicia and the Phoenicians towards Greece and Rome. Sorry, Northern Europeans by that time you were only mere uncivilised Barbarian tribes!
In the main video presentation, I mentioned the Mesopotamian ‘Galli institution’, which is not included in this excerpt. The Galli institution at the time of Saint Augustine was a Punico-Roman version; a Phoenician/Roman version. I did not elaborate much on the Greco-Roman Galli, an institution that was introduced to Greece by the 4th Century BC and to Rome by the 3rd Century BC. Rome like Biblical Israel forbade its male citizens from castrating themselves. A gallus (pl. galli) was a eunuch priest of the Phrygian goddess Cybele (Magna Mater in Rome) and her consort Attis, whose worship was incorporated into the state religious practices of ancient Rome. Those priests were usually foreigners and not Roman citizens. For more information about this please visit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galli.
In the main video presentation, I talked in detail about how this institution changed and developed during the Christian Era, and there is some mention of this in this video excerpt. The Magna Mater (the Great Mother) was Astarte in the Phoenician World.
To counteract this institution the Bible not only condemned the castration of men, as I mentioned in this excerpt, but also warned against transvestism as stated in Deuteronomy 22:5 (NKJV): “A woman shall not wear anything that pertains to a man, nor shall a man put on a woman’s garment, for all who do so are an abomination to the Lord your God.”
The Galli would likely be the precursors of the current Transsexual/Transgender/ Transvestite movement and the Drag Queens of our day and age. Nonetheless, this was a special and extraordinary way of showing Pagan religious fervour and beliefs. It was a great sacrifice in honour of the mother goddess; Astarte, it was not mainly for selfish pleasures, but it was, in a way, for the exaltation of the Pagan gods and society.
Thank you again for watching my videos and best wishes for happiness and success for this New Year 2023.
NB: The Photo at the beginning of this video is that of a Phoenician Galley; so I am just playing on words Galli/Galley!
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1Dt9kbqFMM
This is an excerpt from my previous video presentation: Temple Tariff Inscription Sacred Prostitution and the Drag Queens of Astarte part II; https://youtu.be/RxjGHThwZW8, published June 2022. In this video, I talked about the Galli institution in the Phoenician World and Mesopotamia, where Human Civilisation started in the 3rd Millennium BC. From Mesopotamia, there were two vectors of civilisation Eastward towards Persia, India and China and Westward through Phoenicia and the Phoenicians towards Greece and Rome. Sorry, Northern Europeans by that time you were only mere uncivilised Barbarian tribes!
In the main video presentation, I mentioned the Mesopotamian ‘Galli institution’, which is not included in this excerpt. The Galli institution at the time of Saint Augustine was a Punico-Roman version; a Phoenician/Roman version. I did not elaborate much on the Greco-Roman Galli, an institution that was introduced to Greece by the 4th Century BC and to Rome by the 3rd Century BC. Rome like Biblical Israel forbade its male citizens from castrating themselves. A gallus (pl. galli) was a eunuch priest of the Phrygian goddess Cybele (Magna Mater in Rome) and her consort Attis, whose worship was incorporated into the state religious practices of ancient Rome. Those priests were usually foreigners and not Roman citizens. For more information about this please visit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galli.
In the main video presentation, I talked in detail about how this institution changed and developed during the Christian Era, and there is some mention of this in this video excerpt. The Magna Mater (the Great Mother) was Astarte in the Phoenician World.
To counteract this institution the Bible not only condemned the castration of men, as I mentioned in this excerpt, but also warned against transvestism as stated in Deuteronomy 22:5 (NKJV): “A woman shall not wear anything that pertains to a man, nor shall a man put on a woman’s garment, for all who do so are an abomination to the Lord your God.”
The Galli would likely be the precursors of the current Transsexual/Transgender/ Transvestite movement and the Drag Queens of our day and age. Nonetheless, this was a special and extraordinary way of showing Pagan religious fervour and beliefs. It was a great sacrifice in honour of the mother goddess; Astarte, it was not mainly for selfish pleasures, but it was, in a way, for the exaltation of the Pagan gods and society.
Thank you again for watching my videos and best wishes for happiness and success for this New Year 2023.
NB: The Photo at the beginning of this video is that of a Phoenician Galley; so I am just playing on words Galli/Galley!
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1Dt9kbqFMM
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the-phoenician-papyrus-letter-of-saqqara
The Papyrus letter of Saqqara, (KAI 50), VI Century BC:
This is one of the 2 surviving papyrus Phoenician inscriptions. A letter from a Phoenician woman to another Phoenician woman, both living in Egypt; Bashu in Memphis and Arishuth in Tahpanhas (modern; Tell Daphne). This letter was found in a well of a Mastaba in Saqqara. Unfortunately this inscription was a bit damaged and the decipherment of its last lines proved to be very difficult.
Phoenician inscription (using Hebrew Alphabet):
אל ארשת בת אשמניתן:
אמר לאחתי ארשת, אמר אחתך בשא, ושלמ את אף אנך שלם, ברכתך לבעל צפן, ולכל אל תחפנחץ יפצלך שלם. אפקן הכסף אש שלחת לי, ותנתו לי משקל 320
ו רבע.........אית כל הכסף אש לי..........ושלחת לי ספר הנקת אש.....
Phoenician inscription using the SBL font:
ᵓL ᵓRŠT BT ᵓŠMNYTN;
ᵓMR. L ᵓḤTY. ᵓRŠT. ᵓMR. ᵓḤTK. BŠ. WŠLM. ᵓT. ᵓP. ᵓNK. ŠLM. BRKTK. LBᶜL. ṢPN. WLKL. ᵓL. TḤPNḤS. YPᶜLK. ŠLM. ᵓPQN. HKSP. ᵓŠ. ŠLḤT. LY. WTNTW. LY. MŠQL. 320 …. WRBᶜ…. ᵓYT. KL. HKSP. ᵓŠ. LY. WŠLḤT. LY. SPR. HNQT. ᵓŠ….
English translation:
To Arishut daughter of Eshmunyaton:
Tell my sister Arishuth, your sister Bisha said: Are you in good health? I, too, am in good health! I bless you to Baalsaphon and all the gods of Tahpanhas so that they may keep you always in good health. I have indeed received the Silver (money) that you have sent me; 320 Shekels and a quarter....This was all the silver (money) that belonged to me.... And you have sent me the document of discharge ( the quittance) that....
A French Translation:
A Arichute, fille d’Eshmounyaton ;
Dis à ma sœur Arichute ; ta sœur Bichat a dit : es-tu en bonne santé ? Moi, aussi, je suis en bonne santé ! Je t’ai bénie par Baal-Saphon et par tous les dieux de Tahpanhas afin qu’ils te maintiennent en bonne santé ! J’ai bien reçu l’argent que tu m’as envoyé. Et tu me donneras un poids de 320 Shekels et un quart…Ceci est tout l’argent qui m’appartenait…. Et tu m’as envoyé le document de décharge que….
An Arabic translation :
الى اريشوت ابنة اشمنيتون:
قل لاختي اريشوت, تقول اختك بيشا: كيف حالك , هل انت بخير؟ انا بخير! باركتك ببعل صفّون, وكل آلهة تحفنحص, فليغدقوا عليك نعمة الصحة والعافية. لقد استلمت الفضة التي ارسلت لي, وقد اعطيتني 320 شاقل وربع..... هذه كانت كل الفضة التي هي لي..... وقد ارسلتي لي ايضا كتاب اخراج النقد الذي....
I am not sure whether those two expatriates ladies were actually sisters or not. They may just have addressed themselves as sisters because of their Phoenician identity. It is really nice to listen to this letter, though incomplete, to notice that our ancestors were just like us sharing the same feelings and concerns for each other like we do despite the 2500 years that separate us.
Thank you for watching this video. God bless!
References :
1- Les inscriptions Phéniciennes et leur style, Fady Stéphan, publications de l’Université Libanaise, Beyrouth, Liban 1985.
2- A Phoenician-Punic Grammar, Charles R. Krahmalkov, Brill, 2001.
3- Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions, Volume III, Phoenician Inscriptions. J. Gibson. Oxford University Press, 2002.
4- Phoenician-Punic Dictionary, Charles R. Krahhmalkov, Peeters, Orientalia Lovaniensia, Studia Phoenicia XV, Leuven 2000.
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fV0fl6Flg1I
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AZITI
azitiwada-phoenician-inscription,-2
The Phoenician inscription of Azitiwada, Karatepe, Cilicia, Turkey, 750 BC (Column A) (KAI 26):
Azitiwada left us a bilingual inscription; A Hittite Luwian Hieroglyphic and a Tyro-Sidonian Phoenician. This Inscription is another proof of the importance of the Phoenician as a 'Lingua Franca' of the Levant/ Near East in the Eight century BC.
In Phoenician (using the Hebrew Alphabet):
אנך אזתוד הברך בעל, עבד בעל, אש אדר אורך מלך דננים. פעלן בעל לדננם לאב ולאם. יחו אנך אית דננים. ירחב אנך ארצ עמק אדן לממצא שמש ועד מבאי. וכנ בימתי כל נעם לדננים, ושבע ומנעם. ומלא אנך עקרת פער. ופעל אנך סס על סס, ומגן על מגן, ומחנת על מחנת, בעבר בעל ואלם. ושברת מלצם, ותרק אנך כל הרע אש כנ בארצ. ויטנא אנך בת אדני בנעם. ופעל אנך לשרש אדני נעם, וישב אנך על כסא אבי. ושת אנך שלם את כל מלך. ובאבת פעלן כל מלך ,בצדקי ,ובחכמתי, ובנעם לבי. ובן אנך חמית עזת בכל קצית על גבלם, במקמם באש כן אשמ רעם בעל אגדדם אש בל אש עבד כנ לבת מפש. ואנך אזתוד שתנימ תחת פעמי. ובן אנך חמית במקמם המת לשבתנם דננם בנחת לבנם. וענ אנך ארצת עזת במבא שמש אש בל ען כל המלכם אש כן לפני. ואנך אזתוד ענתנם, ירדם אנך, ישבם אנך בקצית גבלי במצא שמש, ודננים ישבת שמ.
A French translation:
Je suis Azitiwada, le béni de Baal, serviteur de Baal, qu’a rendu puissant Awariku, roi des Danouniens. Baal a fait de moi pour les Danouniens, un père et une mère. J’ai fait vivre les Danouniens, j’ai élargi le pays de la plaine d’Adana de l’Orient à l’Occident. Et il y eut en mes jours, toute sorte de bonheur pour les Danouniens, et d’abondance et de bien-être. Et j’ai rempli les silos de Paour, et j’ai accumulé cheval sur cheval, et bouclier sur bouclier, et armée sur armée, grâce à Baal et aux dieux. Et j’ai brisé les rebelles, et j’ai détruit tout le mal qui était dans le pays, et j’ai établi la maison de mon seigneur dans l’abondance et la félicité, et j’ai fait à la descendance de mon seigneur du bien, et je l’ai installé sur le trône de son père. Et j’ai fait la paix avec chaque roi, et, en outre, chaque roi m’a tenu pour un père à cause de ma justice, et à cause de ma sagesse, et à cause de la bonté de mon cœur. Et j’ai construit des fortifications puissantes dans tous les confins du territoire, dans les lieux où se trouvaient des hommes méchants, chefs de bandes, dont aucun n’était vassal de la maison de Mopsos. Et moi, Azitiwada, je les ai mis sous mes pieds, et j’ai construit des fortifications dans ces endroits-là pour que les Danouniens demeurent dans la tranquillité de leurs cœurs. Et j’ai soumis des pays puissants à l’Occident que n’avaient pas soumis les rois qui furent avant moi. Et moi, Azitiwada, je les ai soumis, je les ai déportés, je les ai installés aux confins de mon territoire, à l’Orient, et les Danouniens, je les ai installés là-bas.
An Arabic translation:
انا ازيتيوادا, مُبارك بعل, خادم بعل, الذي جعله اوريكو, ملك الدانونيين عزيزا ذا سلطة. لقد جعلني بعل كأب وكأم للدانونيين. انا الذي احيا الدانونيين. في ايامي وسّعت اراضي سهل أضنة, من شروق الشمس الى مغربها. وفي ايامي كان للدانونيين كل نعمة, وشبع, وطيب عيش. ولقد ملئت اهراءات فاعور, ولقد جمعت حصاناً على حصان, وترساً عل ترس,و جيشاً على جيش, بانعامٍ من بعل وكل الآلهة. ولقد بددت المتمردين, وضربت, ودمّرت كل الاشرار الذين كانو في الارض. كما اني احسنت تدبير بيت سيدي, وتصرفت بإنعام مع ابن سيدي, فاجلستُه على عرش ابيه, وأقمت السلم مع كل ملك. وكان كل ملك قد عاملني كأب, وذلك لصدقي, وحكمتي, وطيبة قلبي. ولقد بنيت قلاعاً محصنة في اصقاع البلاد على الحدود, حيث كان هنالك رجال اشرار, قطّاع طرق, ولا احد منهم كان تابعاً لبيت موبوش, وانا ازيتيوادا وضعتهم جميعا تحت قدمي. ولقد بنيت قلاعاً محصنةً في تلك الامكنة, ليتمكن الدانونيين من ان يعيشوا في اطمئنان, وسلام قلوبهم. كما اني اخضعت اراضٍ عظيمة الى الشرق, التي لم يتمكن احد من الملوك قبلي ان يخضعها. اما انا ازيتيوادا فلقد اخضعتُهم, وسبيتُهم, واسكنتُهم الى الحدود الغربية, وأقمت الدانونيين مكانهم هنالك.
More information about Azitiwada and the Danunians is easily found on the net. Thank you for watching!
References :
1- Les inscriptions Phéniciennes et leur style, Fady Stéphan, publications de l’Université Libanaise, Beyrouth, Liban 1985.
2- A Phoenician-Punic Grammar, Charles R. Krahmalkov, Brill, 2001.
3- Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions, Volume III, Phoenician Inscriptions. J. Gibson. Oxford University Press, 2002.
4- Phoenician-Punic Dictionary, Charles R. Krahhmalkov, Peeters, Orientalia Lovaniensia, Studia Phoenicia XV, Leuven 2000.
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2r-XxM3oVko
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VIDEO
KING
king-ahirom-of-byblos-sarcophagus
King Ahirom of Byblos Sarcophagus Phoenician Inscription revisited. (KAI-1). Ahirom tomb graffito (KAI-2)
A 3100-year-old inscription! This was the first significant and longest Phoenician inscription to be written in the newly invented Phoenician alphabet that became the mother of almost all known alphabets today. (KAI 1). The Graffito on the Tomb wall to ward off tomb robbers and desecrators written in three lines (KAI-2)
Phoenician inscription using Hebrew alphabet (KAI-1):
ארן ז פצל אתבצל בן אחרם מלך גבל לאחרם אבה כ שחה בצלם
ואל מלך במלכם וסכנ בסכנם ותמא מחנת צלי גבל ויגל ארנ זן תחתסף חטר משפתה תהתפך כסא מלכה ונחת תברח על גבל והא ימח ספרה לפף שבל
Phoenician Inscription using Hebrew Alphabet (KAI-2):
לדעת, הן יפד לך, תחת זן.
Phoenician Inscription using modified Latin Alphabet (KAI-1):
ᵓRN. Z PᶜL. ᵓTBᶜL. BN ᵓḤRM. MLK GBL. LᵓḤRM. ᵓBH. K ŠTH. BᶜLM. WᵓL. MLK. BMLKM.WSKN. BSKNM. WTMᵓ. MḤNT. ᶜLY. GBL. WYGL. ᵓRN. ZN. TḤTSP. ḤṬR. MŠPṬH. THTPK. KSᵓ. MLKH. WNḤT. TBRḤ. ᶜL. GBL. WHᵓ. YMḤ. SPRH. LPP. ŠBL.
Phoenician Inscription using Latin Alphabet (KAI-2):
LDᶜT, HN YPD LK, TḤT ZN.
A French Translation (KAI-1) :
• Sarcophage qu’a fait Ittobaal, fils de Ahiram, pour Ahiram, son père, quand il l’a placé dans l’éternité.
• Et si un roi parmi les rois ou un gouverneur parmi les gouverneurs, ou un commandant en campagne contre Gubal et découvre ce sarcophage, que le sceptre de sa juridiction soit brisé, que le trône de sa royauté soit renversé, et que la paix s’éloigne de Gubal. Et efface cette inscription, que le traineau de sa robe royale soit coupé.
A French Translation (KAI-2)
Attention! Il n’y a rien qui te soit utile là-dessous.
English translation (KAI-1):
• This coffin was made by Ittobaal, son of Ahiram, King of Byblos, for Ahiram his father, Lo, thus he put him in Eternity.
• Now, if a king among kings, and a governor among governors and a commander of an army shall come up against Byblos, and if he shall uncover this coffin, the sceptre of his judiciary shall break, the throne of his kingdom shall overturn, and peace and quietness shall depart from Byblos. And if he shall erase this inscription, his royal robe shall be torn.
English Translation (KAI-2):
Attention! Behold, thou shalt come to grief below.
An Arabic translation (KAI-1):
هذا التابوت الحجري، صنعه (فعله) إيتوبعل، ابن أحيرام، ملك جبيل، لأبيه أحيرام حين وضعه بمثواه الأبدي. أما الأن، أي ملك بين الملوك، أو أمير بين الأمراء، أو قائد جيش في حملة (عسكرية) ضد (على) جبيل، يفتح هذا التابوت الحجري، فلينكسر صولجان حكمه (قضائه), ولتنقلب كرسي ملكه, ولتبرح السكينة والسلم عن جبيل. او يمحي منقوشته هذه، فليُمَزَقَ ثوبُ ملكِهِ.
An Arabic translation (KAI-2):
انتبه! سوف تصاب بالغم الشديد هنا في الأسفل.
References :
1- Les inscriptions Phéniciennes et leur style, Fady Stéphan, publications de l’Université Libanaise, Beyrouth, Liban 1985.
2- A Phoenician-Punic Grammar, Charles R. Krahmalkov, Brill, 2001.
3- Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions, Volume III, Phoenician Inscriptions. J. Gibson. Oxford University Press, 2002.
4- Phoenician-Punic Dictionary, Charles R. Krahhmalkov, Peeters, Orientalia Lovaniensia, Studia Phoenicia XV, Leuven 2000
5-A Comparative Semitic Lexicon of the Phoenician and Punic Languages. Richard S. Tomback. Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation series number 32. Wipf and Stock publishers, 1978 republished 2019.
6-A Grammar of Phoenician and Punic, Stanislav Segert. Verlag C.H. Beck Munchen, 1976.
7- The Phoenicians - Ahiram King of Byblos (pheniciens.com)
8-Byblos Necropolis graffito - Wikipedia
9-Tearing of clothes: A study of an ancient practice in the Old Testament 28.pdf (scielo.org.za)
8- Notes on the sarcophagus of Ahiram; https://janes.scholasticahq.com/article/2166.pdf
11- A Manual of Ugaritic, Pierre Bordreuil and Dennis Paradee. Linguistic Studies In Ancient West Semitic, Volume 3. Eisenbrauns 2009, third printing 2015.
12- An Introduction to Ugaritic, J. Huehnergard, Hendrickson Publishers 2012.
13- KJV; Online Bible.
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ht0L_Weky8Y
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AZITI
azitiwada-inscription-and-modern-day
Azitiwada Inscription and modern day controversies; The Phoenician word ḤMD / חמד .
Phoenician Azitiwada inscription:
אם אף יחמד אית הקרת ז ויסע השער ז
. אם בחמדת יסע,
Using SBL transliteration:
ᵓM ᵓP YḤMD ᵓYT HQRT Z,
ᵓM BḤMDT YS ͨ ,
Bible; Song of Songs (5; 15-16)
שׁוֹקָיו עַמּוּדֵי שֵׁשׁ, מְיֻסָּדִים עַל-אַדְנֵי-פָז; מַרְאֵהוּ, כַּלְּבָנוֹן--בָּחוּר, כָּאֲרָזִים.
15. His legs are as pillars of marble, set upon sockets of fine gold; his aspect is like Lebanon, excellent as the cedars.
15 Ses jambes sont des colonnes de marbre fixées sur des socles d'or; son aspect est celui du Liban, superbe comme les cèdres.
15سَاقَاهُ عَمُودَا رُخَامٍ، مُؤَسَّسَتَانِ عَلَى قَاعِدَتَيْنِ مِنْ إِبْرِيزٍ. طَلْعَتُهُ كَلُبْنَانَ. فَتًى كَالأَرْزِ.
חִכּוֹ, מַמְתַקִּים, וְכֻלּוֹ, מַחֲמַדִּים; זֶה דוֹדִי וְזֶה רֵעִי, בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָם 16. His mouth is most sweet; yea, he is altogether desirable. This is my beloved, and this is my friend, O daughters of Jerusalem.'
16 Son palais n'est que douceur, tout en lui respire le charme. Tel est mon amant, tel est mon ami, ô filles de Jérusalem!
16حَلْقُهُ حَلاَوَةٌ وَكُلُّهُ مُشْتَهَيَاتٌ. هذَا حَبِيبِي، وَهذَا خَلِيلِي، يَا بَنَاتِ أُورُشَلِيمَ
This is a response to this User video on you tube:
http://www.youtube.com/user/Truth0will0prevail
The absolute truth about Muhammad in the Bible,...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cur_6aYs_7k
I just wanted to give you an extra Biblical example of the Phoenician-Hebrew word ḤMD; חמד , and its different context and meaning when compared to its counterpart word in Arabic. The name of the Prophet of Islam MḤMD has a different meaning in Hebrew and Phoenician when compared with Arabic. In Arabic it means 'the worthy of praise' whereas in Phoenician and Hebrew it means 'the desired' or 'the charming' or the 'lovely' one or the 'coveted' one. Neither the Bible nor Azitiwada was talking about the Prophet of Islam. Both were using a common Semitic Canaanite word that was well known in their sister languages.
May all peoples live in peace and harmony and may we all respect each other and acknowledge our differences. And may all of us find the Truth one day an embrace it and the Truth will set us all free.
God Bless!
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2uwtk6Isxk
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TEMPL
temple-tariff-inscription.-sacred-2
In this third part of my presentation I discuss the fact that a Human being is a religious entity par excellence. He is not ‘Homo sapiens’, instead he is ‘Homo religiosus’ a definition that I coined in my previous video of Yehawmilk; a Kings devotion to his goddess in 2009. Religiosity is an intimate relationship of love and adoration between the devotee and the devoted deity. Betraying this intimate relationship between the God of Israel and the Israelites is metaphorically portrayed by the Bible as committing harlotry and adultery.
References:
1- Les inscriptions Phéniciennes et leur style, Fady Stéphan, publications de l’Université Libanaise, Beyrouth, Liban 1985.
2- A Phoenician-Punic Grammar, Charles R. Krahmalkov, Brill, 2001.
3- Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions, Volume III, Phoenician Inscriptions. J. Gibson. Oxford University Press, 2002.
4- Phoenician-Punic Dictionary, Charles R. Krahhmalkov, Peeters, Orientalia Lovaniensia, Studia Phoenicia XV, Leuven 2000.
5-A Comparative Semitic Lexicon of the Phoenician and Punic Languages. Richard S. Tomback. Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation series number 32. Wipf and Stock publishers, 1978 republished 2019
6- Dieux et déesses de l’univers phénicien et punique. Edward Lipinski. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta. Peeters; Leuven 1995.
7- The Oxford Handbook of The Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. Carolina Lopez-Ruiz and Brian r. Doak. Oxford University Press 2019.
8- Bible , Catholic Encyclopaedia New Advent. https://www.newadvent.org/bible
9- Bible, King James online. OFFICIAL KING JAMES BIBLE ONLINE: AUTHORIZED KING JAMES VERSION (KJV)
10- Bible Arabic online. الكتاب المقدس | موقع الإنجيل | التوراة | العهد القديم والعهد الجديد Arabic Bible - alinjil, enjeel | St-Takla.org
11- Hebrew- English Bible according to Masoretic text. https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0.htm
12- Devotee or Deviate The “Dog” (keleb) in Ancient Israel as a Symbol of Male Passivity and Perversion John Barclay Burns, George Mason University. The Kripke Center. Journal of Religion and Society. Volume 2 (2000). 2000-6 (creighton.edu)
13-Attitudes toward Dogs in Ancient Israel: A Reassessment GEOFFREY DAVID MILLER St Louis University, Department of Theological Studies, Humanities.
Attitudes toward Dogs in Ancient Israel: A Reassessment https://journals.sagepub.com › doi › pdf
14- The meaning of Almah in the old testament –John Joseph Owens 1953
First Published January 1, 1953 Research Articlehttps://doi.org/10.1177/003463735305000105
15-Almah: Virgin or Young Maiden? by Zhava Glaser |September 01 1993. https://jewsforjesus.org/publications/issues/issues-v09-n01/almah-virgin-or-young-maiden/
16-Rawlinson, George. History of Phoenicia (Kindle Locations 3589-3593). Rawlinson, George. History of Phoenicia (Kindle Locations 3570-3573). Kindle Edition.
17- Wikipedia;
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaiah_7:14
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origen
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Greece
*-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almah
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_prostitution
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaanite_religion
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagint
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaffa
* Wikipedia Arabic العشق الإلهي في الصوفية
18- Vestal Virgins; https://www.worldhistory.org/Vestal_Virgin/.
19-The Healing Power of Dogs | National Museum Waleshttps://museum.wales/articles/1054/The-Healing-Power-of-Dogs/#:~:text=This%20place%20became%20one%20of,Nodens%20at%20Lydney%20in%20Gloucestershire.
20-Stephen G. Nichols [Version, February 2016] German & Romance Languages Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD 21218-2687 Stephen.nichols@jhu.edu The Trouble with Castration: Saint Augustine and the Roman de la Rose “My body was lessened so my soul could be increased.” Abelard to Héloise
21-العالمة.. مهنة عرفها المصريون منذ عهد المماليك انحصرت فى النوادى الليلية فقط - اليوم السابع (youm7.com) (العالمة.. مهنة عرفها المصريون منذ عهد المماليك انحصرت فى النوادى الليلية فقط) الجمعة، 29 مايو 2020 11:00 م
22-Effeminate men during the Mamlouk era in Egypt https://www.ssrcaw.org - مركز الدراسات والابحاث العلمانية في العالم العربيج3 / ف 3 :المجتمع المملوكى المنحل خلقيا بالتصوف: طبقة البغايا والمخنثون
23-Afghanistan Bacha Bazi ; dancing boys who are made to dress like little girls then abused by older men. Ref; Daily mail January 7, 2016.
24- You Tube videos.
*In this movie clip you hear mazmazel/madameنصف ساعة جواز) ) https://youtu.be/zdllb2TsF8Y .
*In this Video you see modern (almot) عوالم) )dancing with candlelight's on their heads while performing a (Zaffa) زفة) ). https://youtu.be/GZrj3wnZ9lc
*Alessandro Moreschi sings Ave Maria https://youtu.be/KLjvfqnD0ws
*Dancing boys full; https://youtu.be/B7eMUwkKiFY
*La Religieuse of Celine Dione https://youtu.be/6_29I_NxzAM
*Procession/Zaffa of a newly baptised child.
*https://youtu.be/7gAusfkcwvc.
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYLi5Jp_nuw
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COMME
comments-on-azitiwada-inscription-the
Comments on Azitiwada Inscription; the Phoenician conjunction (ͻ P) אף and its modern day use in the Lebanese popular music and poems.
*Azitiwada Inscription:
אם אף יחמד אית הקרת ז ויסע השער ז אש פעל אזתוד
ᵓM ᵓP YḤMD HQRT Z WYSᶜ HŠᶜR Z ᵓŠ PᶜL ᵓZTWD.
or more than that, covets this city and pulls down this gate that Azitiwada has made
ואף באבת פעלן כל מלך ,בצדקי ,ובחכמתי, ובנעם לבי
WᵓP BᵓBT PᶜLN KL MLK, BṢDQY, WBḤKMTY, WBNᶜM LBY.
Moreover, every king considered me as a father because of my righteousness, and my wisdom and because of my goodness of heart.
*The Papyrus letter of Saqqara:
ושלמ את אף אנך שלם
WŠLM ᵓT ᵓP ᵓNK ŠLM.
Are you in good health? I, too, am in good health.
The Conjunction AP (ͻP) as seen above means; and too, and also, moreover, furthermore, but, however. This conjunction persisted in the Aramaic language and in the modern Lebanese dialect especially in popular songs and popular poems (zajal) as you would notice in the videos below of some of our famous Lebanese singers mainly Sabah, Wadih El Safi, Fayrouz and others.
Sabah And Wadih El Safi:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bx9qf0Hj5Og
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOauzghy5sc
Fayrouz and Nasri Shamseddine:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjdjRlCmpt4
Thank you for watching my videos and for your constructive comments. Have a blessed festive season and I hope to see you next year with another Phoenician inscription.
References :
1- Les inscriptions Phéniciennes et leur style, Fady Stéphan, publications de l’Université Libanaise, Beyrouth, Liban 1985.
2- A Phoenician-Punic Grammar, Charles R. Krahmalkov, Brill, 2001.
3- Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions, Volume III, Phoenician Inscriptions. J. Gibson. Oxford University Press, 2002.
4- Phoenician-Punic Dictionary, Charles R. Krahhmalkov, Peeters, Orientalia Lovaniensia, Studia Phoenicia XV, Leuven 2000.
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KM8QPMTTAFo
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PATER
LordPrayerInPhoenician
This is my translation in Phoenician of the Lord's Prayer; the Pater Noster.
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INSCR
inscriptio-bilinguis-melitensis-the-kick
Phoenician-Greek inscription of Cippus of Malta (CIS: 122); 2nd century B.C:
Phoenician inscription using Hebrew Alphabet:
לאדנן למלקרת בעל צר אש נדר,עבדך צבדאסר ואחי אסרשמר שנ בנ אסרשמר בנ עבדאסר, כ שמע קלם יברכם.
Phoenician Inscription using the SBL Font:
LᵓDNN LMLQRT, BᶜL ṢR, ᵓŠ NDR, ᶜBDK ᶜBDᵓSR, WᵓHY, ᵓSRŠMR, ŠN BN ᶜBDᵓSR, KŠMᶜ QLM, YBRKM.
An English translation:
To our Lord Melqart; Lord of Tyre, this is dedicated by your servant Abdosir and his brother Osirshamor, both sons of Osirishamor son of Abdosir, for he heard their voices, may he bless them.
A French translation:
A notre Seigneur Melqart ; Maitre de Tyr. Ceci qu’a dédié, ton serviteur, Abdosir et son frère Osirchamor, tous les deux fils d’Osirchamor, fils de Abdosir. Car il a écouté leur voix, qu’il les bénisse.
An Arabic Translation:
الى سيدنا ملقرت, رب صور. هذا ما نذره عبداك, عبدوسير وأخيه اوزيرشمور, الاثنان ابنا اوزيرشمور, ابن عبدوسير. لانه سمع صوت تضرعهم, فليباركهم.
Greek inscription:
'ΔΙΟΝΥΣΙΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΣΑΡΑΠΩΝ ΟΙ ΣΑΡΑΠΙΩΝΟΣ ΤΥΡΙΟΙ ΗΕΡΑΚΛΕ ΛΑΡΧΗΠΕΤΕΙ'
An English translation:
Dionysos and Sarapion the sons of Sarapion; Tyrenes. To Heracles the founder.
ِA French Translation:
Dionysos et Sérapion, les fils de Sérapion, Tyriens. A Héraclès fondateur.
An Arabic translation:
ديونيسوس و سرابيون, ابناء سرابيون, الصورييون. الى هرقل المؤسس.
More information about this famous cippus can be found on those two websites among others:
http://www.louvre.fr/llv/oeuvres/detail_notice.jsp?CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673225322&CURRENT_LLV_NOTICE%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673225322&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=9852723696500787&bmLocale=en
http://www.danstopicals.com/phoenician.htm
Thank you for watching this video. Please, excuse my imperfections as i am still a novice in this domain. May God bless you all!
References :
1- Les inscriptions Phéniciennes et leur style, Fady Stéphan, publications de l’Université Libanaise, Beyrouth, Liban 1985.
2- A Phoenician-Punic Grammar, Charles R. Krahmalkov, Brill, 2001.
3- Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions, Volume III, Phoenician Inscriptions. J. Gibson. Oxford University Press, 2002.
4- Phoenician-Punic Dictionary, Charles R. Krahhmalkov, Peeters, Orientalia Lovaniensia, Studia Phoenicia XV, Leuven 2000.
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imNE9A3UlJ0
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CANAA
canaanite-brotherhood-a-royal
Text 26: Letter from King of Tyre to King of Ugarit (RS 18.031)
1-l. mlk. ủgrt
2-ảḫy. rgm
3-tḥm. mlk. ṣr. ẚḫk
4-yšlm. lk. ỉlm
5- tģrk. tšlmk
6- hnny. ᶜmn
7-šlm. ṭmny
8-ᶜmk. mnm. (). šlm
9-rgm. ṯṯb
10-ẚnykn. dt
11-lỉkt. mṣrm
12-hndt. b. ṣr
Lower edge
13-mtt. by. (..)
14- gšm. ẚdr
Reverse
15-nškḥ. w
16- rb. tmtt
17-lqḥ. kl. ḏrᶜ
18-bd(nh)m.w. ẚn(k)
19-k(l). (.). ḏrᶜ(h)m
20-(k)l. npš.
21-w. (.ẚ)klhm. Bd
22-r(b).(.) tmtt. lqḥt
23-w. ṯṯb. ẚnk. lhm
24- w. ẚnyk. ṯt
25-by. ᶜky. ᶜryt
26-w. ẚḫy. mhk
27- b. lbh. ẚl. yšt
The numbers are for the lines on the clay tablet!
1-lê malki ᵓugarit.
2-ᵓḫîya rugum.
3-taḥmu malki ṣurri ᵓaḫîka
4-yišlam lêka ᵓilūma
5- taģģurūka taŝallimūka
6- hannaniya ᵓimmānî
7- šalima ṯammāniya
8- ᶜimmaka mannama šalāmu
9- rigma ṯaṯib
10-ᵓanayyukana dāti
11- laᵓikta miṣrêma
12-hannadāti bi ṣurri
13- mêtatu biya.
14- giŝmi ᵓaduri
15- naškaḥū wa
16-rabbu tamūtati
17- laqaḥa kulla ḏarᶜi
18- bîdênahumu wa ᵓanāku
19- ku(lla) ḏarᶜihumu
20- kulla napši
21-wa ᵓaklahumu bîdê
22-rabbi tamūtati laqaḥtu
23- wa ṭaṯābu ᵓanakū lêhumu
24- wa ᵓanayyuka ṯit
25- biya ᶜakkāyi ᶜarīyatu
26- wa ᵓaḫûya mahaka
27- bi libbihu ᵓal yašit
English translation;
(1)To the King of Ugarit, (2) my brother, say: (3) Message of the King of Tyre, your brother.
(4) May it be well with you. May the gods (5) guard you, may they keep you well. (6) Here with me (7) it is well. There(8) with you, whatever is well, (9) send word (of that) back (to me).
(10) Your ships that (11) you dispatched to Egypt (12) have wrecked (13) off Tyre (14) when they found themselves (15) caught in a bad storm. (16) The salvage master, however, (17) was able to remove the entire (cargo) of grain (18) in their possession. (Then) I took over (19) the en(tire) (cargo of) grain, (20) as well as all the people (21) and their food, from the (22) salvage master(23) and I returned (all these things) to them. (24)Now your boats have been able to moor (25) to Acco, stripped (of their rigging). (26) So my brother(27) should not worry.
French translation:
(1) Au roi d'Ugarit, (2) mon frère, dis : (3) Message du roi de Tyr, ton frère.
(4) Que tout se passe bien pour vous. Que les dieux (5) vous gardent, qu'ils vous gardent bien. (6) Ici avec moi (7) c'est bien. Là (8) avec vous, tout ce qui va bien, (9) renvoyez (moi) le mot (de cela).
(10) Vos navires que (11) vous avez envoyés en Égypte (12) ont fait naufrage (13) au large de Tyr (14) lorsqu'ils se sont retrouvés (15) pris dans une violente tempête. (16) Le capitaine de sauvetage, cependant, (17) a pu enlever la totalité (de la cargaison) de céréales (18) en leur possession. (Ensuite) j'ai pris en charge (19) l'ensemble (la cargaison de) céréales, (20) ainsi que toutes les personnes (21) et leur nourriture, du (22) maître de récupération (23) et j’ai rendu ( toutes ces choses) à eux. (24)Maintenant vos bateaux ont pu s'amarrer (25) à Acco, dépouillés (de leur gréement). (26) Alors mon frère(27) ne devrait pas s'inquiéter.
Arabic translation:
الترجمة إلى الإنجليزية؛
(1) إلى ملك أوغاريت ، (2) أخي ، قل: (3) رسالةُ أخوك ملكُ صور.
(4) عسى أن يكون خير معك. فلتحرسك الآلهة (5) ، عسى أن يحفظوك جيدا. (6) هنا معي (7) الكل سالمٌ. هناك (8) معك ، كل ما هو جيد ، (9) أرسل كلمة (من ذلك) (إلي).
(10) سفنك (11) التي أرسلتها إلى مصر (12) حطمت (13) قبالة صور (14) عندما وجدت نفسها (15) عالقة في عاصفة سيئة. (16) ومع ذلك ، كان سيد الإنقاذ (17) قادرًا على إزالة (حمولة) الحبوب بالكامل (18) التي بحوزتهم.
(ثم) استلمت انا (19) كل الحمولة من الحبوب(20) وكل الانفس (21) وطعامهم من (22) سيد الإنقاذ(23) واعدت كل هذه الأشياء لهم ـ (24) و الان أصبحت قواربك قادرة على الرسو (25) في عكا وقد جردت من حمولتها. (26)فلهذا على اخي (27) ان لا يغتم قلبه.
You may also watch this on my Odysse channel;https://odysee.com/@thelastphoenician:0/Canaanite-Brotherhood%2C-a-Royal-corresopondence-from-3300-yeras-ago-%28edited-version%29:6
References:
1- A Manual of Ugaritic, Pierre Bordreuil and Dennis Paradee. Linguistic Studies In Ancient West Semitic, Volume 3. Eisenbrauns 2009, third printing 2015.
2- An Introduction to Ugaritic, J. Huehnergard, Hendrickson Publishers 2012.
3- Les Inscriptions Phéniciennes et Leur Style, F.Stephan Lebanese University 1985.
4-Phoenician-Punic Dictionary, C. Krahmalkov, Peeters 2000.
5-A Grammar of Phoenician and Punic, S. Segert, Verlag C.H. Beck Munchen, 1976.
6-Dieux et déesses de l’univers phénicien et punique. E. Lipinski, Peeters 1995.
7- A Comparative Semitic Lexicon of Phoenician and Punic Languages, R. S. Tomback, Scholars Press 1978 then Wipf and Stock Publishers.
• For more information about Ugaritic you may also watch;
https://youtu.be/euSx1xShl2g
https://youtu.be/3aWMBuHgT7I
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjYL-wCnyek
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