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Cassiopeia A by STYX AI, James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)
Cassiopeia A (Cas A) is the youngest known supernova remnant in our Milky Way Galaxy, located 10,000 light-years away in the constellation Cassiopeia. The star that created this remnant actually blew up 10,000 years before the light reached Earth in the late 1600s. This collapsed star has been the subject of extensive astronomical research, providing valuable insights into the dynamics and evolution of supernovae.
The data for this image was initially sourced from the MAST dataset, which consists of three filtered images captured in the F162M, F356W, and F444W wavelength bands. These images were then processed using FITS Liberator and edited in GIMP, resulting in a file size of approximately 0.5 Gb.
The image was subsequently downscaled to a 4K resolution for processing. Even at this reduced resolution, the final product is a short video comprised of 2,560 individual images, taking up approximately 18 Gb of storage.
A custom depth map was generated using machine learning techniques, including ISED and ISEE image filtering, along with Gaussian smoothing, to estimate depth information from the sparse data. Comparison of the ground-truth images and depth maps, as well as the kinematic reconstructions presented in the paper "A Detailed Kinematic Map of Cassiopeia A's Optical Main Shell and Outer High-velocity Ejecta" by Milisavljevic and Fesen, suggests that it is possible to create a 3D model of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant by building upon these imaging techniques.
This image includes more of the "baby Cassiopeia A" light echo, which is located several light-years behind the supernova remnant, compared to the original release.
Further analysis using the ISED and ISEE filtering techniques will most likely reveal additional filaments within the nebula, but this will require additional time and effort to fully explore the data.
Throughout the processing and analysis, there is a delicate balance between removing noise and preserving valuable information in the chromatically ordered image.
Data Sourced: MAST Archive, NASA et al.
PI: Dan Milisavljevic
Image: STYX AI
Video: STYX AI
Music: STYX AI (Title: CASSIOPEIA A)
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_tFVLhMJ_g
The data for this image was initially sourced from the MAST dataset, which consists of three filtered images captured in the F162M, F356W, and F444W wavelength bands. These images were then processed using FITS Liberator and edited in GIMP, resulting in a file size of approximately 0.5 Gb.
The image was subsequently downscaled to a 4K resolution for processing. Even at this reduced resolution, the final product is a short video comprised of 2,560 individual images, taking up approximately 18 Gb of storage.
A custom depth map was generated using machine learning techniques, including ISED and ISEE image filtering, along with Gaussian smoothing, to estimate depth information from the sparse data. Comparison of the ground-truth images and depth maps, as well as the kinematic reconstructions presented in the paper "A Detailed Kinematic Map of Cassiopeia A's Optical Main Shell and Outer High-velocity Ejecta" by Milisavljevic and Fesen, suggests that it is possible to create a 3D model of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant by building upon these imaging techniques.
This image includes more of the "baby Cassiopeia A" light echo, which is located several light-years behind the supernova remnant, compared to the original release.
Further analysis using the ISED and ISEE filtering techniques will most likely reveal additional filaments within the nebula, but this will require additional time and effort to fully explore the data.
Throughout the processing and analysis, there is a delicate balance between removing noise and preserving valuable information in the chromatically ordered image.
Data Sourced: MAST Archive, NASA et al.
PI: Dan Milisavljevic
Image: STYX AI
Video: STYX AI
Music: STYX AI (Title: CASSIOPEIA A)
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_tFVLhMJ_g
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Gravitational lensing is a phenomenon that occurs when the path of light from a distant object is curved by the gravitational pull of a massive object, such as a galaxy or a cluster of galaxies. This bending of light can cause the distant object to appear distorted or magnified, depending on the geometry of the gravitational lens.
The effect of gravitational lensing can be seen in a variety of astronomical observations, from the images of galaxies and clusters of galaxies to the cosmic microwave background radiation. In some cases, gravitational lensing can even be used to magnify distant objects that are otherwise too faint to be observed directly, allowing astronomers to study the properties of these objects in more detail.
One of the most famous examples of gravitational lensing is the Einstein Cross, which is a quasar that appears as four distinct images due to the gravitational lensing effect of a foreground galaxy. This phenomenon was predicted by Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, which describes gravity as a curvature of spacetime.
Gravitational lensing has many applications in astronomy and astrophysics. By studying the distortions and magnifications caused by gravitational lenses, astronomers can learn more about the structure and evolution of the universe, as well as the properties of individual objects within it.
One of the most significant applications of gravitational lensing is in the study of dark matter. Dark matter is an invisible form of matter that is thought to make up a large fraction of the total mass in the universe, and its distribution can be inferred from the gravitational lensing effect it produces.
Gravitational lensing also allows astronomers to measure vast distances in the universe. Thanks to powerful instruments such as the Hubble Space Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope, we can view objects that predate the formation of our solar system. Gravitational lensing allows us to observe even further back in time during the formation of our early universe.
The picture shows Abell 2218, a rich galaxy cluster composed of thousands of individual galaxies. It sits about 2.1 billion light-years from the Earth (redshift 0.17) in the northern constellation of Draco. When used by astronomers as a powerful gravitational lens to magnify distant galaxies, the cluster allows them to peer far into the Universe. However, it not only magnifies the images of hidden galaxies, but also distorts them into long, thin arcs.
Several arcs in the image can be studied in detail thanks to Hubble's sharp vision. Multiple distorted images of the same galaxies can be identified by comparing the shape of the galaxies and their color. In addition to the giant arcs, many smaller arclets have been identified.
By using the gravitational magnification from six massive lensing galaxy clusters, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has provided scientists with the largest sample of very distant galaxies seen to date. Some of the newly found magnified objects are dimmer than the faintest ones seen in the legendary Hubble Ultra Deep Field, which is usually considered the deepest image of the Universe.
By combining both visible and near-infrared observations from Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS), scientists searched for galaxies that are only visible in near-infrared light. They uncovered 10 candidates believed to lie about 13 billion light-years away (a redshift of approximately 7.5), which means that the light gathered was emitted by the stars when the Universe was still very young - a mere 700 million years old.
Styx AI, which is developing innovative techniques based on quantum mechanics, depth maps, generative imaging, machine learning, and new mathematics to move the lens of complex nonuniform spacetime. Its process can break down an image into nearly infinite pieces, providing greater depth and detail to reveal previously unseen information.
Gravitational lensing not only provides insight into the properties of distant objects but also into the distribution of dark matter in the universe. Dark matter is an invisible form of matter that is thought to make up a large fraction of the total mass in the universe, and its distribution can be inferred from the gravitational lensing effect it produces. "This stuff is cool."
Credit: NASA, ESA, and Johan Richard (Caltech, USA)
Acknowledgement: Davide de Martin & James Long (ESA/Hubble)
Processed by STYX AI
@NASA @NASAGoddard @NASAJPL @NASAgovVideo @NASAgovVideo @hubblespacetelescope @NASAWebbTelescope @EuropeanSpaceAgency @YouTube
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#earlyuniverse #EinsteinCross #galaxyclusters
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"An enormous mosaic of Stephan’s Quintet is the largest image to date from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, covering about one-fifth of the Moon’s diameter. It contains over 150 million pixels and is constructed from almost 1,000 separate image files. The visual grouping of five galaxies was captured by Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI).
With its powerful, infrared vision and extremely high spatial resolution, Webb shows never-before-seen details in this galaxy group. Sparkling clusters of millions of young stars and starburst regions of fresh star birth grace the image. Sweeping tails of gas, dust and stars are being pulled from several of the galaxies due to gravitational interactions. Most dramatically, Webb’s MIRI instrument captures huge shock waves as one of the galaxies, NGC 7318B, smashes through the cluster. These regions surrounding the central pair of galaxies are shown in the colors red and gold.
This composite NIRCam-MIRI image uses two of the three MIRI filters to best show and differentiate the hot dust and structure within the galaxy. MIRI sees a distinct difference in color between the dust in the galaxies versus the shock waves between the interacting galaxies. The image processing specialists at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore opted to highlight that difference by giving MIRI data the distinct yellow and orange colors, in contrast to the blue and white colors assigned to stars at NIRCam’s wavelengths.
Together, the five galaxies of Stephan’s Quintet are also known as the Hickson Compact Group 92 (HCG 92). Although called a “quintet,” only four of the galaxies are truly close together and caught up in a cosmic dance. The fifth and leftmost galaxy, called NGC 7320, is well in the foreground compared with the other four. NGC 7320 resides 40 million light-years from Earth, while the other four galaxies (NGC 7317, NGC 7318A, NGC 7318B, and NGC 7319) are about 290 million light-years away. This is still fairly close in cosmic terms, compared with more distant galaxies billions of light-years away. Studying these relatively nearby galaxies helps scientists better understand structures seen in a much more distant universe.
This proximity provides astronomers a ringside seat for witnessing the merging of and interactions between galaxies that are so crucial to all of galaxy evolution. Rarely do scientists see in so much exquisite detail how interacting galaxies trigger star formation in each other, and how the gas in these galaxies is being disturbed. Stephan’s Quintet is a fantastic “laboratory” for studying these processes fundamental to all galaxies.
Tight groups like this may have been more common in the early universe when their superheated, infalling material may have fueled very energetic black holes called quasars. Even today, the topmost galaxy in the group – NGC 7319 – harbors an active galactic nucleus, a supermassive black hole that is actively accreting material.
In NGC 7320, the leftmost and closest galaxy in the visual grouping, NIRCam was remarkably able to resolve individual stars and even the galaxy’s bright core. Old, dying stars that are producing dust clearly stand out as red points with NIRCam.
The new information from Webb provides invaluable insights into how galactic interactions may have driven galaxy evolution in the early universe.
As a bonus, NIRCam and MIRI revealed a vast sea of many thousands of distant background galaxies reminiscent of Hubble’s Deep Fields.
NIRCam was built by a team at the University of Arizona and Lockheed Martin’s Advanced Technology Center.
MIRI was contributed by ESA and NASA, with the instrument designed and built by a consortium of nationally funded European Institutes (The MIRI European Consortium) in partnership with JPL and the University of Arizona.
For a full array of Webb’s first images and spectra, including downloadable files, please visit: https://webbtelescope.org/news/first-images"
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IMAGE: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI
Processing: STYX AI
@NASA @NASAGoddard @NASAJPL @NASAgovVideo @NASAWebbTelescope @EuropeanSpaceAgency
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"The massive galaxy cluster Abell 1351 is captured in this image by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys. This galaxy cluster lies in the constellation Ursa Major in the northern hemisphere.
This image is filled with streaks of light, which are actually the images of distant galaxies. The streaks are the result of gravitational lensing, an astrophysical phenomenon that occurs when a massive celestial body such as a galaxy cluster distorts spacetime sufficiently strongly to affect the path of light passing through it — almost as if the light were passing through a gigantic lens. Gravitational lensing comes in two varieties — strong and weak — and both can give astronomers an insight into the distribution of mass within a lensing galaxy cluster such as Abell 1351.
This observation is part of an astronomical album comprising snapshots of some of the most massive galaxy clusters. This menagerie of massive clusters demonstrates interesting astrophysical phenomena such as strong gravitational lensing, as well as showcasing spectacular examples of violent galaxy evolution. To obtain this astronomical album, astronomers proposed a Snapshot Program to be slotted into Hubble’s packed observing schedule. These Snapshot Programs are lists of separate, relatively short exposures which can fit into gaps between longer Hubble observations. Having a large pool of Snapshot candidates to dip into allows Hubble to use every second of observing time possible and to maximise the scientific output of the observatory."
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ESA/Hubble & NASA, H. Ebeling
Acknowledgement: L. Shatz
Processing: STYX AI
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Let's explore this groundbreaking discovery by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, which has identified frozen forms of molecules in the darkest regions of a cold molecular cloud called Chamaeleon I. The team has found evidence for molecules more complex than methanol, proving for the first time that complex molecules form in the icy depths of molecular clouds before stars are born. This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of how these structures form and evolve over time, and how they contribute to the building of habitable planets.
In this short video Styx AI uses innovative image processing techniques to generate a 3D rendering of Chamaeleon I, providing a new perspective that is not possible with 2D images alone. In our opinion it is truly breathtaking. Science, technology, and art all rolled into one. Together we are exploring the majestic chemistry of space, seeking the secrets of our hidden universe, and staring at the birth of a world. Simply amazing. It also looks a bit like a phoenix.
IMAGE: NASA, ESA, CSA
SCIENCE: Fengwu Sun (Steward Observatory), Zak Smith (The Open University), IceAge ERS Team
IMAGE PROCESSING: M. Zamani (ESA/Webb)
3D Model Processed by STYX AI
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Styx AI is a cutting-edge technology company specializing in advanced image processing techniques using quantum mechanics. We focus on medical images and astronomical phenomena, extracting highly accurate features to provide greater depth and insight into various targets. Our innovative software and methods have numerous applications across a wide range of industries, including NASA and other organizations that provide astronomical imaging data to the public.
We are currently working on validating our unique methods to demonstrate our ability to reveal new information and insights about the universe. By breaking images into nearly infinite pieces, we can extract exquisitely accurate features and learn more about the structural morphology of targets, gaining new insights into the nature of the universe.
One of our recent projects involves analyzing the Veil Nebula, one of the best-known supernova remnants. Located approximately 2100 light-years from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus, this brightly colored cloud of glowing debris spans approximately 110 light-years. Using the latest data from Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3, we have uncovered previously unseen details about the nebula's complex structure, including movement and expansion.
Our work on the Veil Nebula has implications for understanding how these structures form and evolve over time, providing a snapshot of the shock front and offering clues about the nature of the universe itself.
Image credit: NASA, ESA, Hubble Heritage Team
Processing: STYX AI
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"After finishing Café Terrace at Night, Van Gogh wrote a letter to his sister expressing his enthusiasm:
I was interrupted precisely by the work that a new painting of the outside of a café in the evening has been giving me these past few days. On the terrace, there are little figures of people drinking. A huge yellow lantern lights the terrace, the façade, the pavement, and even projects light over the cobblestones of the street, which takes on a violet-pink tinge. The gables of the houses on a street that leads away under the blue sky studded with stars are dark blue or violet, with a green tree. Now there’s a painting of night without black. With nothing but beautiful blue, violet and green, and in these surroundings the lighted square is coloured pale sulphur, lemon green. I enormously enjoy painting on the spot at night. In the past they used to draw, and paint the picture from the drawing in the daytime. But I find that it suits me to paint the thing straightaway. It’s quite true that I may take a blue for a green in the dark, a blue lilac for a pink lilac, since you can’t make out the nature of the tone clearly. But it’s the only way of getting away from the conventional black night with a poor, pallid and whitish light, while in fact a mere candle by itself gives us the richest yellows and oranges.[2]
He continues, in this same letter,
You never told me if you had read Guy de Maupassant’s Bel-ami, and what you now think of his talent in general. I say this because the beginning of Bel-ami is precisely the description of a starry night in Paris, with the lighted cafés of the boulevard, and it’s something like the same subject that I’ve painted just now.[2]"
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This detailed image features Abell 3827, a galaxy cluster that offers a wealth of exciting possibilities for study. It was observed by Hubble in order to study dark matter, which is one of the greatest puzzles cosmologists face today. The science team used Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) to complete their observations. The two cameras have different specifications and can observe different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, so using them both allowed the astronomers to collect more complete information. Abell 3827 has also been observed previously by Hubble, because of the interesting gravitational lens at its core.
Looking at this cluster of hundreds of galaxies, it is amazing to recall that until less than 100 years ago, many astronomers believed that the Milky Way was the only galaxy in the Universe. The possibility of other galaxies had been debated previously, but the matter was not truly settled until Edwin Hubble confirmed that the Great Andromeda Nebula was in fact far too distant to be part of the Milky Way. The Great Andromeda Nebula became the Andromeda Galaxy, and astronomers recognized that our Universe was much, much bigger than humanity had imagined. We can only imagine how Edwin Hubble — after whom the Hubble Space Telescope was named — would have felt if he’d seen this spectacular image of Abell 3827.
Name: Abell 3827
Type: Early Universe : Galaxy : Grouping : Cluster
Early Universe : Cosmology : Phenomenon : Dark Matter
Constellation: Indus
Category: Galaxies
Band Wavelength Telescope
Optical
U 336 nm Hubble Space Telescope
WFC3
Optical
V 606 nm Hubble Space Telescope
ACS
Optical
I 814 nm Hubble Space Telescope
ACS
Infrared
H 1.6 μm Hubble Space Telescope
WFC3
Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, R. Massey
Processed by STYX AI
#darkmatter #science #space #cosmos #universe
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Welcome to STYX AI's mind-blowing journey through the cosmos as we unveil the awe-inspiring GAL-CLUS-022058s, a cosmic wonder located in the constellation of Fornax! ?✨ In December 2020, the ESA/Hubble team released a breathtaking image of GAL-CLUS-022058s, revealing one of the largest and most complete Einstein rings ever discovered, formed through the mesmerizing process of gravitational lensing.
Gravitational lensing is a captivating phenomenon where light from distant galaxies is bent and pulled by the immense gravity of objects in its path, creating stunning visual distortions. In this case, the light from a background galaxy has been masterfully transformed into an almost perfect ring by the gravitational influence of the galaxy cluster situated in front of it.
Our team of European astronomers, equipped with a multi-wavelength dataset including inputs from the Hubble Space Telescope, delved deep into the study of this Einstein ring. Utilizing a powerful lensing model derived from Hubble's imaging, they meticulously calculated the amplification factor, unlocking the lensed galaxy's intrinsic physical properties. The astonishing discovery revealed a magnification factor of 20, effectively endowing the Hubble Space Telescope's observing capability with the prowess of a colossal 48-meter telescope! This remarkable finding surpasses even the planned extremely large telescopes.
STYX AI, at the forefront of image processing innovation, takes you on an unparalleled 3D odyssey through GAL-CLUS-022058s, revealing the hidden intricacies of this cosmic marvel. Our quantum-powered image processing techniques enhance and elevate the Hubble Space Telescope's data, granting you an immersive experience like never before.
Immerse yourself in the mysteries of the universe as we venture beyond the boundaries of perception. Subscribe to our channel and join the growing community of space enthusiasts exploring the wonders of the cosmos with STYX AI. ??
#styxai #galacticwonders #GALCLUS022058s #gravitationallensing #hubbletelescope #quantumprocessing #shorts #astronomywonders #cosmicbeauty #spaceexploration #einsteinring #3dcosmos #spacewonders #cosmicbeauty #journeyintotheunknown #cosmicmarvels #cosmicmysteries #3duniverse #cosmicsecrets #3dcosmostour #cosmicenigma #cosmicspectacle
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