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15 Jan 2023 04:34:40 UTC
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Arithmetic & Abstract Unit
In today's video, I discuss the topics of Arithmetic and the Abstract Unit. In order to perform arithmetic with ratios of magnitudes in geometry, we require that ratios have the same consequent. The four basic operations of arithmetic (difference, sum, quotient, product) are established using Book V, Proposition 12 which is about similar triangles and proportion. At this stage, everything we talk about requires geometry, that is, drawing the line representations, ratios, etc. In order to move to a "diagram-less" theory, the concept of the abstract unit was introduced. Note that until now, there has been no mention or use of number whatsoever. The abstract unit is defined as a ratio where the aliquot parts are equal and represent the standard of measure. The Greeks did not only use physical comparisons but wanted to refer to magnitudes without comparing to other magnitudes, and worrying about whether the ratios have the same consequent, etc. To accomplish this goal, the Greeks carried over all the geometric properties of arithmetic to the abstract unit whose size and type is irrelevant. If they had continued to use only geometry, they would have used what is called a standard unit ratio, that is, a chosen magnitude which in any ratio is simply the comparison to itself. Hereafter, they would use this approach for proportion with other ratios. Please leave any questions or comments for this video. Thank you for watching.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Zv_eMGvnpE
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