Make 10 Etchants for Copper Printed Circuit Boards
We show 10 ways to make PCB etchants using easy to access chemicals
1. Hydrogen Peroxide (5mL of 3%) and Hydrochloric Acid (5mL of 37%) Loses strength in storage but makes copper chloride that can later be used as a fully recyclable etchant.
2. Hydrogen Peroxide (10mL of 3%) + Sulfuric acid (1mL of 98%) Loses strength in storage but can be electrochemically recycled back into copper and sulfuric acid.
3. Hydrogen Peroxide (10mL of 3%) + Sodium Bisulfate (5g) Loses strength in storage but can be electrochemically recycled back into copper and sodium bisulfate. Extremely slow but easier to make since sodium bisulfate is easy to obtain as pH control for swimming pools. ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4tWEse2rDI
We show how to make Zinc powder by electrochemistry.
Glassware generously provided by http://www.alchemylabsupply.com/
Use the discount code "copper" for a 5% discount.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3X9c6epL7HQ
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Use the discount code "copper" for a 5% discount.
Inocydia: https://inocydia.net/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bxac2OWTTHo
In this video we make 2-(p-chlorophenyl)-3-oxopentanitrile which is step 5 in our synthesis of Pyrimethamine
Related videos:
Drying alcohol: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NMfs3e9OdZQ
Making sodium metal with domestically available chemicals: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jCrFFVVcPUI
Make p-chlorophenyl acetonitrile: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=15ZkhhJcXXk
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oAZyhPx_ws
Some lab notes for the month of august 2020
I was exploring more nitric acid and wanted to see if calcium nitrate and sodium bisulfate would be viable. The rationale is that the reaction of calcium nitrate and sulfuric acid is well-known but almost never done directly since it produces insoluble calcium sulphate that solidifies into a rock in the flask. It has to be drilled out and risks break the flask. The traditional way to use calcium nitrate is the "wet process" where we first mix it with water and then add sulfuric acid. The calcium sulfate precipitates out and the dilute nitric acid is filtered and purified by distillation. This is slow and laborious so i was wondering if sodium bisulfate could be advantageous in producing a residue that didn't need to be drilled. This would save time and less risk of breaking glassware.
So i mixed 49g of calcium ammonium nitrate decahydrate with 150g of sodium bisulfate monohydrate and heated it directly in the "dry process" of making nitric acid. Nitric acid was distilled over and the yield was 85%. But more importantly the solid residue of sodium sulfate, sodium bisulfate and calcium sulfate was soluble. Upon addition of water it dissolved into a slurry that could easily be poured out. So i think the process is superior to using sulfuric acid as there is overall less labor involved.
For thoroughness i also tried the wet process by first dissolving the calcium nitrate in 50mL of water and adding sodium bisulfate. After distillation the yield was 95% but with 50mL of extra water diluting it. Personally i prefer higher concentration acid and don't mind the lower yields of the dry process.
Anyway. I was going to do additional nitric acid experiments but my hotplate failed.
Turns out the temperature sensor failed open and the safety limit of the hotplate refused to turn it on. It was a simple matter of finding the broken sensor and replacing it. The interesting note is that the hotplate uses a PT1000 RTD and it seemed the original was spot welded in. I didn't have spot welding capability so i used copper foil to crimp the connection.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xa2OMNaHn_Y
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_v_7A365PE
How to Make a Complete and Refillable Glow Stick with a steampunk style to it.
The idea is simple, use compression fittings normally used in plumbing to create a glow stick tube that can be emptied and refilled when the fluid dies.
The vials or ampoules of hydrogen peroxide is created from cheap glass pipettes that are flame sealed.
The other chemicals can be found from our original glow stick reaction video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kH19EIf5GtE
An important change though is the use of diethyl phthalate solvent rather than ethyl acetate. Diethyl phthalate gives a longer lasting light. Other aliphatic dialkyl phthalates can be used including diethylhexyl phthalate so you can use whatever you have onhand.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwi5M1nk6fQ
In this video we purify tea tree oil by fractional distillation to extra to 4-terpineol. 4-Terpineol turns out to be a reasonably good catalyst for the sodium production reaction.
Related Videos:
Using grignards to make tertiary alcohols: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFQWD7-DCPI
Previous lab notes on making sodium involving tea tree oil: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7o3ZfX0BQc
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNbxgdBi4_I
We make silver acetate used for making conductive silver ink.
Silver acetate is made by reacting 20g of silver nitrate in 10mL of water with 20g of sodium acetate in 50mL of water and filtering the precipitated silver acetate. It is washed several times with water and allowed to dry.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2J6V4acKels
In this video we Efficiently Recover Nitric Acid and Copper Metal From Copper Nitrate Wastes by reacting copper nitrate wastes with sulfuric acid to generate nitric acid and copper sulfate. Then we electrolyze the copper sulfate to recovery copper metal and sulfuric acid.
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Glassware generously provided by http://www.alchemylabsupply.com/
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